<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Tutorial: Updating existing data · Apache Druid</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://druid.apache.org/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-update-data.html"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="&lt;!--"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="24.0.0" /><meta property="og:title" content="Tutorial: Updating existing data · Apache Druid"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://druid.apache.org/index.html"/><meta property="og:description" content="&lt;!--"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://druid.apache.org/img/druid_nav.png"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://druid.apache.org/img/druid_nav.png"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.png"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/default.min.css"/><script async="" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-131010415-1"></script><script>
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class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Getting started<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg></span></h3><ul class="hide"><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/design/index.html">Introduction to Apache Druid</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/index.html">Quickstart (local)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/single-server.html">Single server deployment</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/cluster.html">Clustered deployment</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Tutorials<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path 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sketches</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-retention.html">Configuring data retention</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-update-data.html">Updating existing data</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-compaction.html">Compacting segments</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-delete-data.html">Deleting data</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-ingestion-spec.html">Writing an ingestion spec</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-transform-spec.html">Transforming input data</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/docker.html">Tutorial: Run with Docker</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" 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Kinesis</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Batch ingestion</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/native-batch.html">Native batch</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/native-batch-input-sources.html">Native batch: input sources</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/hadoop.html">Hadoop-based</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">SQL-based ingestion 🆕</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/index.html">Overview</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/concepts.html">Key concepts</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/api.html">API</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" 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href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/segmentmetadataquery.html">SegmentMetadata</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/datasourcemetadataquery.html">DatasourceMetadata</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Native query components</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/filters.html">Filters</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/granularities.html">Granularities</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/dimensionspecs.html">Dimensions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/aggregations.html">Aggregations</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/post-aggregations.html">Post-aggregations</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/misc/math-expr.html">Expressions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/having.html">Having filters (groupBy)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/limitspec.html">Sorting and limiting (groupBy)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/topnmetricspec.html">Sorting (topN)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sorting-orders.html">String comparators</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/virtual-columns.html">Virtual columns</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/development/geo.html">Spatial filters</a></li></ul></div></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Configuration<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" 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<p>This tutorial demonstrates how to update existing data, showing both overwrites and appends.</p>
<p>For this tutorial, we'll assume you've already downloaded Apache Druid as described in
the <a href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/index.html">single-machine quickstart</a> and have it running on your local machine.</p>
<p>It will also be helpful to have finished <a href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-batch.html">Tutorial: Loading a file</a>, <a href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-query.html">Tutorial: Querying data</a>, and <a href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-rollup.html">Tutorial: Rollup</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="overwrite"></a><a href="#overwrite" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Overwrite</h2>
<p>This section of the tutorial will cover how to overwrite an existing interval of data.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="load-initial-data"></a><a href="#load-initial-data" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Load initial data</h3>
<p>Let's load an initial data set which we will overwrite and append to.</p>
<p>The spec we'll use for this tutorial is located at <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-init-index.json</code>. This spec creates a datasource called <code>updates-tutorial</code> from the <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-data.json</code> input file.</p>
<p>Let's submit that task:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">bin/post-index-task --file quickstart/tutorial/updates-init-index.json --url http://localhost:8081
</code></pre>
<p>We have three initial rows containing an &quot;animal&quot; dimension and &quot;number&quot; metric:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">dsql&gt; select * from <span class="hljs-string">"updates-tutorial"</span>;
┌──────────────────────────┬──────────┬───────┬────────┐
│ __time                   │ animal   │ count │ number │
├──────────────────────────┼──────────┼───────┼────────┤
│ 2018-01-01T01:01:00.000Z │ tiger    │     1 │    100 │
│ 2018-01-01T03:01:00.000Z │ aardvark │     1 │     42 │
│ 2018-01-01T03:01:00.000Z │ giraffe  │     1 │  14124 │
└──────────────────────────┴──────────┴───────┴────────┘
Retrieved 3 rows <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> 1.42s.
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="overwrite-the-initial-data"></a><a href="#overwrite-the-initial-data" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Overwrite the initial data</h3>
<p>To overwrite this data, we can submit another task for the same interval, but with different input data.</p>
<p>The <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-overwrite-index.json</code> spec will perform an overwrite on the <code>updates-tutorial</code> datasource.</p>
<p>Note that this task reads input from <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-data2.json</code>, and <code>appendToExisting</code> is set to <code>false</code> (indicating this is an overwrite).</p>
<p>Let's submit that task:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">bin/post-index-task --file quickstart/tutorial/updates-overwrite-index.json --url http://localhost:8081
</code></pre>
<p>When Druid finishes loading the new segment from this overwrite task, the &quot;tiger&quot; row now has the value &quot;lion&quot;, the &quot;aardvark&quot; row has a different number, and the &quot;giraffe&quot; row has been replaced. It may take a couple of minutes for the changes to take effect:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">dsql&gt; select * from <span class="hljs-string">"updates-tutorial"</span>;
┌──────────────────────────┬──────────┬───────┬────────┐
│ __time                   │ animal   │ count │ number │
├──────────────────────────┼──────────┼───────┼────────┤
│ 2018-01-01T01:01:00.000Z │ lion     │     1 │    100 │
│ 2018-01-01T03:01:00.000Z │ aardvark │     1 │   9999 │
│ 2018-01-01T04:01:00.000Z │ bear     │     1 │    111 │
└──────────────────────────┴──────────┴───────┴────────┘
Retrieved 3 rows <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> 0.02s.
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="combine-old-data-with-new-data-and-overwrite"></a><a href="#combine-old-data-with-new-data-and-overwrite" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Combine old data with new data and overwrite</h2>
<p>Let's try appending some new data to the <code>updates-tutorial</code> datasource now. We will add the data from <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-data3.json</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-append-index.json</code> task spec has been configured to read from the existing <code>updates-tutorial</code> datasource and the <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-data3.json</code> file. The task will combine data from the two input sources, and then overwrite the original data with the new combined data.</p>
<p>Let's submit that task:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">bin/post-index-task --file quickstart/tutorial/updates-append-index.json --url http://localhost:8081
</code></pre>
<p>When Druid finishes loading the new segment from this overwrite task, the new rows will have been added to the datasource. Note that roll-up occurred for the &quot;lion&quot; row:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">dsql&gt; select * from <span class="hljs-string">"updates-tutorial"</span>;
┌──────────────────────────┬──────────┬───────┬────────┐
│ __time                   │ animal   │ count │ number │
├──────────────────────────┼──────────┼───────┼────────┤
│ 2018-01-01T01:01:00.000Z │ lion     │     2 │    400 │
│ 2018-01-01T03:01:00.000Z │ aardvark │     1 │   9999 │
│ 2018-01-01T04:01:00.000Z │ bear     │     1 │    111 │
│ 2018-01-01T05:01:00.000Z │ mongoose │     1 │    737 │
│ 2018-01-01T06:01:00.000Z │ snake    │     1 │   1234 │
│ 2018-01-01T07:01:00.000Z │ octopus  │     1 │    115 │
└──────────────────────────┴──────────┴───────┴────────┘
Retrieved 6 rows <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> 0.02s.
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="append-to-the-data"></a><a href="#append-to-the-data" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Append to the data</h2>
<p>Let's try another way of appending data.</p>
<p>The <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-append-index2.json</code> task spec reads input from <code>quickstart/tutorial/updates-data4.json</code> and will append its data to the <code>updates-tutorial</code> datasource. Note that <code>appendToExisting</code> is set to <code>true</code> in this spec.</p>
<p>Let's submit that task:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">bin/post-index-task --file quickstart/tutorial/updates-append-index2.json --url http://localhost:8081
</code></pre>
<p>When the new data is loaded, we can see two additional rows after &quot;octopus&quot;. Note that the new &quot;bear&quot; row with number 222 has not been rolled up with the existing bear-111 row, because the new data is held in a separate segment.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">dsql&gt; select * from <span class="hljs-string">"updates-tutorial"</span>;
┌──────────────────────────┬──────────┬───────┬────────┐
│ __time                   │ animal   │ count │ number │
├──────────────────────────┼──────────┼───────┼────────┤
│ 2018-01-01T01:01:00.000Z │ lion     │     2 │    400 │
│ 2018-01-01T03:01:00.000Z │ aardvark │     1 │   9999 │
│ 2018-01-01T04:01:00.000Z │ bear     │     1 │    111 │
│ 2018-01-01T05:01:00.000Z │ mongoose │     1 │    737 │
│ 2018-01-01T06:01:00.000Z │ snake    │     1 │   1234 │
│ 2018-01-01T07:01:00.000Z │ octopus  │     1 │    115 │
│ 2018-01-01T04:01:00.000Z │ bear     │     1 │    222 │
│ 2018-01-01T09:01:00.000Z │ falcon   │     1 │   1241 │
└──────────────────────────┴──────────┴───────┴────────┘
Retrieved 8 rows <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> 0.02s.

</code></pre>
<p>If we run a GroupBy query instead of a <code>select *</code>, we can see that the &quot;bear&quot; rows will group together at query time:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">dsql&gt; select __time, animal, SUM(<span class="hljs-string">"count"</span>), SUM(<span class="hljs-string">"number"</span>) from <span class="hljs-string">"updates-tutorial"</span> group by __time, animal;
┌──────────────────────────┬──────────┬────────┬────────┐
│ __time                   │ animal   │ EXPR<span class="hljs-variable">$2</span> │ EXPR<span class="hljs-variable">$3</span> │
├──────────────────────────┼──────────┼────────┼────────┤
│ 2018-01-01T01:01:00.000Z │ lion     │      2 │    400 │
│ 2018-01-01T03:01:00.000Z │ aardvark │      1 │   9999 │
│ 2018-01-01T04:01:00.000Z │ bear     │      2 │    333 │
│ 2018-01-01T05:01:00.000Z │ mongoose │      1 │    737 │
│ 2018-01-01T06:01:00.000Z │ snake    │      1 │   1234 │
│ 2018-01-01T07:01:00.000Z │ octopus  │      1 │    115 │
│ 2018-01-01T09:01:00.000Z │ falcon   │      1 │   1241 │
└──────────────────────────┴──────────┴────────┴────────┘
Retrieved 7 rows <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> 0.23s.
</code></pre>
</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-retention.html"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Configuring data retention</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-compaction.html"><span>Compacting segments</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#overwrite">Overwrite</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-initial-data">Load initial data</a></li><li><a href="#overwrite-the-initial-data">Overwrite the initial data</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#combine-old-data-with-new-data-and-overwrite">Combine old data with new data and overwrite</a></li><li><a href="#append-to-the-data">Append to the data</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer druid-footer" id="footer"><div class="container"><div class="text-center"><p><a href="/technology">Technology</a> · <a href="/use-cases">Use Cases</a> · <a href="/druid-powered">Powered by Druid</a> · <a href="/docs/24.0.0/">Docs</a> · <a href="/community/">Community</a> · <a href="/downloads.html">Download</a> · <a href="/faq">FAQ</a></p></div><div class="text-center"><a title="Join the user group" href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/druid-user" target="_blank"><span class="fa fa-comments"></span></a> · <a title="Follow Druid" href="https://twitter.com/druidio" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-twitter"></span></a> · <a title="Download via Apache" href="https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/incubator/druid/{{ site.druid_versions[0].versions[0].version }}/apache-druid-{{ site.druid_versions[0].versions[0].version }}-bin.tar.gz" target="_blank"><span class="fas fa-feather"></span></a> · <a title="GitHub" href="https://github.com/apache/druid" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-github"></span></a></div><div class="text-center license">Copyright © 2022 <a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank">Apache Software Foundation</a>.<br/>Except where otherwise noted, licensed under <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>.<br/>Apache Druid, Druid, and the Druid logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation in the United States and other countries.</div></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>
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