<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Tutorial: Querying data · Apache Druid</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://druid.apache.org/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-query.html"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="&lt;!--"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="24.0.0" /><meta property="og:title" content="Tutorial: Querying data · Apache Druid"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://druid.apache.org/index.html"/><meta property="og:description" content="&lt;!--"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://druid.apache.org/img/druid_nav.png"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://druid.apache.org/img/druid_nav.png"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.png"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/default.min.css"/><script async="" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-131010415-1"></script><script>
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class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Getting started<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg></span></h3><ul class="hide"><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/design/index.html">Introduction to Apache Druid</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/index.html">Quickstart (local)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/single-server.html">Single server deployment</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/cluster.html">Clustered deployment</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Tutorials<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path 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href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-sketches-theta.html">Theta sketches</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-retention.html">Configuring data retention</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-update-data.html">Updating existing data</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-compaction.html">Compacting segments</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-delete-data.html">Deleting data</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-ingestion-spec.html">Writing an ingestion spec</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-transform-spec.html">Transforming input data</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/docker.html">Tutorial: Run with Docker</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-kerberos-hadoop.html">Kerberized HDFS deep storage</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-msq-convert-spec.html">Convert ingestion spec to SQL</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Design<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg></span></h3><ul class="hide"><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/design/architecture.html">Design</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/design/segments.html">Segments</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/design/processes.html">Processes and servers</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/dependencies/deep-storage.html">Deep storage</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/dependencies/metadata-storage.html">Metadata storage</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/dependencies/zookeeper.html">ZooKeeper</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Ingestion<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg></span></h3><ul class="hide"><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/index.html">Ingestion</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/data-formats.html">Data formats</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/data-model.html">Data model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/rollup.html">Data rollup</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/partitioning.html">Partitioning</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/ingestion-spec.html">Ingestion spec</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/schema-design.html">Schema design tips</a></li><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Stream ingestion</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/development/extensions-core/kafka-ingestion.html">Apache Kafka ingestion</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/development/extensions-core/kafka-supervisor-reference.html">Apache Kafka supervisor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/development/extensions-core/kafka-supervisor-operations.html">Apache Kafka operations</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/development/extensions-core/kinesis-ingestion.html">Amazon Kinesis</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Batch ingestion</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/native-batch.html">Native batch</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/native-batch-input-sources.html">Native batch: input sources</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/hadoop.html">Hadoop-based</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">SQL-based ingestion 🆕</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/index.html">Overview</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/concepts.html">Key concepts</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/api.html">API</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/security.html">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/examples.html">Examples</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/reference.html">Reference</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/multi-stage-query/known-issues.html">Known issues</a></li></ul></div><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/tasks.html">Task reference</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/ingestion/faq.html">Troubleshooting FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Data management<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg></span></h3><ul class="hide"><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/data-management/index.html">Overview</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/data-management/update.html">Data updates</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/data-management/delete.html">Data deletion</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/data-management/schema-changes.html">Schema changes</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/data-management/compaction.html">Compaction</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/data-management/automatic-compaction.html">Automatic compaction</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Querying<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg></span></h3><ul class="hide"><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Druid SQL</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql.html">Overview and syntax</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-data-types.html">SQL data types</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-operators.html">Operators</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-scalar.html">Scalar functions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-aggregations.html">Aggregation functions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-multivalue-string-functions.html">Multi-value string functions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-json-functions.html">JSON functions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-functions.html">All functions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-api.html">Druid SQL API</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-jdbc.html">JDBC driver API</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-query-context.html">SQL query context</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-metadata-tables.html">SQL metadata tables</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-translation.html">SQL query translation</a></li></ul></div><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/querying.html">Native queries</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/query-execution.html">Query execution</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Concepts</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/datasource.html">Datasources</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/joins.html">Joins</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/lookups.html">Lookups</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/multi-value-dimensions.html">Multi-value dimensions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/nested-columns.html">Nested columns</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/multitenancy.html">Multitenancy</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/caching.html">Query caching</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/using-caching.html">Using query caching</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/query-context.html">Query context</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Native query types</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/timeseriesquery.html">Timeseries</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/topnquery.html">TopN</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/groupbyquery.html">GroupBy</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/scan-query.html">Scan</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/searchquery.html">Search</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/timeboundaryquery.html">TimeBoundary</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/segmentmetadataquery.html">SegmentMetadata</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/datasourcemetadataquery.html">DatasourceMetadata</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Native query components</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/filters.html">Filters</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/granularities.html">Granularities</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/dimensionspecs.html">Dimensions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/aggregations.html">Aggregations</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/post-aggregations.html">Post-aggregations</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/misc/math-expr.html">Expressions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/having.html">Having filters (groupBy)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/limitspec.html">Sorting and limiting (groupBy)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/topnmetricspec.html">Sorting (topN)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sorting-orders.html">String comparators</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/virtual-columns.html">Virtual columns</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/development/geo.html">Spatial filters</a></li></ul></div></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Configuration<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg></span></h3><ul class="hide"><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/configuration/index.html">Configuration reference</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/development/extensions.html">Extensions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/configuration/logging.html">Logging</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle collapsible">Operations<span class="arrow"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="#565656" d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path></svg></span></h3><ul class="hide"><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/web-console.html">Web console</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/java.html">Java runtime</a></li><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Security</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/security-overview.html">Security overview</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/security-user-auth.html">User authentication and authorization</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/auth-ldap.html">LDAP auth</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/password-provider.html">Password providers</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/dynamic-config-provider.html">Dynamic Config Providers</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/tls-support.html">TLS support</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Performance tuning</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/basic-cluster-tuning.html">Basic cluster tuning</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/segment-optimization.html">Segment size optimization</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/mixed-workloads.html">Mixed workloads</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/http-compression.html">HTTP compression</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/clean-metadata-store.html">Automated metadata cleanup</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup subNavGroup"><h4 class="navGroupSubcategoryTitle">Monitoring</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/request-logging.html">Request logging</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/24.0.0/operations/metrics.html">Metrics</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" 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<p>This tutorial demonstrates how to query data in Apache Druid using SQL.</p>
<p>It assumes that you've completed the <a href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/index.html">Quickstart</a>
or one of the following tutorials, since we'll query datasources that you would have created
by following one of them:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-batch.html">Tutorial: Loading a file</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-kafka.html">Tutorial: Loading stream data from Kafka</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-batch-hadoop.html">Tutorial: Loading a file using Hadoop</a></li>
</ul>
<p>There are various ways to run Druid SQL queries: from the web console, using a command line utility
and by posting the query by HTTP. We'll look at each of these.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="query-sql-from-the-web-console"></a><a href="#query-sql-from-the-web-console" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Query SQL from the web console</h2>
<p>The web console includes a view that makes it easier to build and test queries, and
view their results.</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Start up the Druid cluster, if it's not already running, and open the web console in your web
browser.</p></li>
<li><p>Click <strong>Query</strong> from the header to open the Query view:</p>
<p><img src="../assets/tutorial-query-01.png" alt="Query view" title="Query view"></p>
<p>You can always write queries directly in the edit pane, but the Query view also provides
facilities to help you construct SQL queries, which we will use to generate a starter query.</p></li>
<li><p>Expand the wikipedia datasource tree in the left pane. We'll
create a query for the page dimension.</p></li>
<li><p>Click <code>page</code> and then <strong>Show:page</strong> from the menu:</p>
<p><img src="../assets/tutorial-query-02.png" alt="Query select page" title="Query select page"></p>
<p>A SELECT query appears in the query edit pane and immediately runs. However, in this case, the query
returns no data, since by default the query filters for data from the last day, while our data is considerably
older than that. Let's remove the filter.</p></li>
<li><p>Click <strong>Run</strong> to run the query.</p>
<p>You should now see two columns of data, a page name and the count:</p>
<p><img src="../assets/tutorial-query-03.png" alt="Query results" title="Query results"></p>
<p>Notice that the results are limited in the console to about a hundred, by default, due to the <strong>Smart query limit</strong>
feature. This helps users avoid inadvertently running queries that return an excessive amount of data, possibly
overwhelming their system.</p></li>
<li><p>Let's edit the query directly and take a look at a few more query building features in the editor.
Click in the query edit pane and make the following changes:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Add a line after the first column, <code>&quot;page&quot;</code> and Start typing the name of a new column, <code>&quot;countryName&quot;</code>. Notice that the autocomplete menu suggests column names, functions, keywords, and more. Choose &quot;countryName&quot; and
add the new column to the GROUP BY clause as well, either by name or by reference to its position, <code>2</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>For readability, replace <code>Count</code> column name with <code>Edits</code>, since the <code>COUNT()</code> function actually
returns the number of edits for the page. Make the same column name change in the ORDER BY clause as well.</p>
<p>The <code>COUNT()</code> function is one of many functions available for use in Druid SQL queries. You can mouse over a function name
in the autocomplete menu to see a brief description of a function. Also, you can find more information in the Druid
documentation; for example, the <code>COUNT()</code> function is documented in
<a href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-aggregations.html">Aggregation functions</a>.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>The query should now be:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-sql"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span>
  <span class="hljs-string">"page"</span>,
  <span class="hljs-string">"countryName"</span>,
  <span class="hljs-keyword">COUNT</span>(*) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Edits"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> <span class="hljs-string">"wikipedia"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Edits"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span>
</code></pre>
<p>When you run the query again, notice that we're getting the new dimension,<code>countryName</code>, but for most of the rows, its value
is null. Let's
show only rows with a <code>countryName</code> value.</p></li>
<li><p>Click the <code>countryName</code> dimension in the left pane and choose the first filtering option. It's not exactly what we want, but
we'll edit it by hand. The new WHERE clause should appear in your query.</p></li>
<li><p>Modify the WHERE clause to exclude results that do not have a value for countryName:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-sql">WHERE "countryName" IS NOT NULL
</code></pre>
<p>Run the query again. You should now see the top edits by country:</p>
<p><img src="../assets/tutorial-query-04.png" alt="Finished query" title="Finished query"></p></li>
<li><p>Under the covers, every Druid SQL query is translated into a query in the JSON-based <em>Druid native query</em> format before it runs
on data nodes. You can view the native query for this query by clicking <code>...</code> and <strong>Explain SQL Query</strong>.</p>
<p>While you can use Druid SQL for most purposes, familiarity with native query is useful for composing complex queries and for troubleshooting
performance issues. For more information, see <a href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/querying.html">Native queries</a>.</p>
<p><img src="../assets/tutorial-query-05.png" alt="Explain query" title="Explain query"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Another way to view the explain plan is by adding EXPLAIN PLAN FOR to the front of your query, as follows:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-sql"><span class="hljs-keyword">EXPLAIN</span> PLAN <span class="hljs-keyword">FOR</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span>
 <span class="hljs-string">"page"</span>,
 <span class="hljs-string">"countryName"</span>,
 <span class="hljs-keyword">COUNT</span>(*) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Edits"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> <span class="hljs-string">"wikipedia"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="hljs-string">"countryName"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">IS</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NOT</span> <span class="hljs-literal">NULL</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-string">"Edits"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span>
</code></pre>
<p>This is particularly useful when running queries
from the command line or over HTTP.</p>
</blockquote></li>
</ol>
<ol start="9">
<li>Finally, click  <code>...</code>  and <strong>Edit context</strong> to see how you can add additional parameters controlling the execution of the query execution. In the field, enter query context options as JSON key-value pairs, as described in <a href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/query-context.html">Context flags</a>.</li>
</ol>
<p>That's it! We've built a simple query using some of the query builder features built into the web console. The following
sections provide a few more example queries you can try. Also, see <a href="#other-ways-to-invoke-sql-queries">Other ways to invoke SQL queries</a> to learn how
to run Druid SQL from the command line or over HTTP.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="more-druid-sql-examples"></a><a href="#more-druid-sql-examples" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>More Druid SQL examples</h2>
<p>Here is a collection of queries to try out:</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="query-over-time"></a><a href="#query-over-time" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Query over time</h3>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-sql"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">FLOOR</span>(__time <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">HOUR</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> HourTime, <span class="hljs-keyword">SUM</span>(deleted) <span class="hljs-keyword">AS</span> LinesDeleted
<span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> wikipedia <span class="hljs-keyword">WHERE</span> TIME_IN_INTERVAL(<span class="hljs-string">"__time"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'2015-09-12/2015-09-13'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
</code></pre>
<p><img src="../assets/tutorial-query-06.png" alt="Query example" title="Query example"></p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="general-group-by"></a><a href="#general-group-by" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>General group by</h3>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-sql"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> channel, page, <span class="hljs-keyword">SUM</span>(added)
<span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> wikipedia <span class="hljs-keyword">WHERE</span> TIME_IN_INTERVAL(<span class="hljs-string">"__time"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'2015-09-12/2015-09-13'</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> channel, page
<span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">SUM</span>(added) <span class="hljs-keyword">DESC</span>
</code></pre>
<p><img src="../assets/tutorial-query-07.png" alt="Query example" title="Query example"></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="other-ways-to-invoke-sql-queries"></a><a href="#other-ways-to-invoke-sql-queries" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Other ways to invoke SQL queries</h2>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="query-sql-via-dsql"></a><a href="#query-sql-via-dsql" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Query SQL via dsql</h3>
<p>For convenience, the Druid package includes a SQL command-line client, located at <code>bin/dsql</code> in the Druid package root.</p>
<p>Let's now run <code>bin/dsql</code>; you should see the following prompt:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">Welcome to dsql, the <span class="hljs-built_in">command</span>-line client <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> Druid SQL.
Type <span class="hljs-string">"\h"</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">help</span>.
dsql&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>To submit the query, paste it to the <code>dsql</code> prompt and press enter:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">dsql&gt; SELECT page, COUNT(*) AS Edits FROM wikipedia WHERE TIME_IN_INTERVAL(<span class="hljs-string">"__time"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'2015-09-12/2015-09-13'</span>) GROUP BY page ORDER BY Edits DESC LIMIT 10;
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────┐
│ page                                                     │ Edits │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────┤
│ Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung                             │    33 │
│ User:Cyde/List of candidates <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> speedy deletion/Subpage │    28 │
│ Jeremy Corbyn                                            │    27 │
│ Wikipedia:Administrators<span class="hljs-string">' noticeboard/Incidents          │    21 │
│ Flavia Pennetta                                          │    20 │
│ Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race               │    18 │
│ User talk:Dudeperson176123                               │    18 │
│ Wikipédia:Le Bistro/12 septembre 2015                    │    18 │
│ Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates                         │    17 │
│ Wikipedia:Requests for page protection                   │    17 │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘
Retrieved 10 rows in 0.06s.
</span></code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="query-sql-over-http"></a><a href="#query-sql-over-http" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Query SQL over HTTP</h3>
<p>You can submit native queries <a href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql-api.html#submit-a-query">directly to the Druid Broker over HTTP</a>. The request body should be a JSON object, with the value for the key <code>query</code> containing text of the query:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  <span class="hljs-attr">"query"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"SELECT page, COUNT(*) AS Edits FROM wikipedia WHERE TIME_IN_INTERVAL(\"__time\", '2015-09-12/2015-09-13') GROUP BY page ORDER BY Edits DESC LIMIT 10"</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>The tutorial package includes an example file that contains the SQL query shown above at <code>quickstart/tutorial/wikipedia-top-pages-sql.json</code>. Let's submit that query to the Druid Broker:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">curl -X <span class="hljs-string">'POST'</span> -H <span class="hljs-string">'Content-Type:application/json'</span> -d @quickstart/tutorial/wikipedia-top-pages-sql.json http://localhost:8888/druid/v2/sql
</code></pre>
<p>The following results should be returned:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">[
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Wikipedia:Vandalismusmeldung"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">33</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"User:Cyde/List of candidates for speedy deletion/Subpage"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">28</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Jeremy Corbyn"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">27</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">21</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Flavia Pennetta"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">20</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">18</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"User talk:Dudeperson176123"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">18</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Wikipédia:Le Bistro/12 septembre 2015"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">18</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">17</span>
  },
  {
    <span class="hljs-attr">"page"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"Wikipedia:Requests for page protection"</span>,
    <span class="hljs-attr">"Edits"</span>: <span class="hljs-number">17</span>
  }
]
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="further-reading"></a><a href="#further-reading" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Further reading</h2>
<p>See the <a href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/sql.html">Druid SQL documentation</a> for more information on using Druid SQL queries.</p>
<p>See the <a href="/docs/24.0.0/querying/querying.html">Queries documentation</a> for more information on Druid native queries.</p>
</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-batch-hadoop.html"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Load from Apache Hadoop</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/24.0.0/tutorials/tutorial-rollup.html"><span>Roll-up</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#query-sql-from-the-web-console">Query SQL from the web console</a></li><li><a href="#more-druid-sql-examples">More Druid SQL examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#query-over-time">Query over time</a></li><li><a href="#general-group-by">General group by</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#other-ways-to-invoke-sql-queries">Other ways to invoke SQL queries</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#query-sql-via-dsql">Query SQL via dsql</a></li><li><a href="#query-sql-over-http">Query SQL over HTTP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#further-reading">Further reading</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer druid-footer" id="footer"><div class="container"><div class="text-center"><p><a href="/technology">Technology</a> · <a href="/use-cases">Use Cases</a> · <a href="/druid-powered">Powered by Druid</a> · <a href="/docs/24.0.0/">Docs</a> · <a href="/community/">Community</a> · <a href="/downloads.html">Download</a> · <a href="/faq">FAQ</a></p></div><div class="text-center"><a title="Join the user group" href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/druid-user" target="_blank"><span class="fa fa-comments"></span></a> · <a title="Follow Druid" href="https://twitter.com/druidio" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-twitter"></span></a> · <a title="Download via Apache" href="https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/incubator/druid/{{ site.druid_versions[0].versions[0].version }}/apache-druid-{{ site.druid_versions[0].versions[0].version }}-bin.tar.gz" target="_blank"><span class="fas fa-feather"></span></a> · <a title="GitHub" href="https://github.com/apache/druid" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-github"></span></a></div><div class="text-center license">Copyright © 2022 <a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank">Apache Software Foundation</a>.<br/>Except where otherwise noted, licensed under <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>.<br/>Apache Druid, Druid, and the Druid logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation in the United States and other countries.</div></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>
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