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<p>This module provides Apache Druid aggregators based on numeric quantiles DoublesSketch from <a href="https://datasketches.apache.org/">Apache DataSketches</a> library. Quantiles sketch is a mergeable streaming algorithm to estimate the distribution of values, and approximately answer queries about the rank of a value, probability mass function of the distribution (PMF) or histogram, cumulative distribution function (CDF), and quantiles (median, min, max, 95th percentile and such). See <a href="https://datasketches.apache.org/docs/Quantiles/QuantilesOverview">Quantiles Sketch Overview</a>.</p>
<p>There are three major modes of operation:</p>
<ol>
<li>Ingesting sketches built outside of Druid (say, with Pig or Hive)</li>
<li>Building sketches from raw data during ingestion</li>
<li>Building sketches from raw data at query time</li>
</ol>
<p>To use this aggregator, make sure you <a href="/docs/0.23.0/development/extensions.html#loading-extensions">include</a> the extension in your config file:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attr">druid.extensions.loadList</span>=[<span class="hljs-string">"druid-datasketches"</span>]
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="aggregator"></a><a href="#aggregator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Aggregator</h3>
<p>The result of the aggregation is a DoublesSketch that is the union of all sketches either built from raw data or read from the segments.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  <span class="hljs-attr">"type"</span> : <span class="hljs-string">"quantilesDoublesSketch"</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span> : &lt;output_name&gt;,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"fieldName"</span> : &lt;metric_name&gt;,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"k"</span>: &lt;parameter that controls size and accuracy&gt;
 }
</code></pre>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>property</th><th>description</th><th>required?</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>type</td><td>This String should always be &quot;quantilesDoublesSketch&quot;</td><td>yes</td></tr>
<tr><td>name</td><td>A String for the output (result) name of the calculation.</td><td>yes</td></tr>
<tr><td>fieldName</td><td>A String for the name of the input field (can contain sketches or raw numeric values).</td><td>yes</td></tr>
<tr><td>k</td><td>Parameter that determines the accuracy and size of the sketch. Higher k means higher accuracy but more space to store sketches. Must be a power of 2 from 2 to 32768. See <a href="https://datasketches.apache.org/docs/Quantiles/OrigQuantilesSketch">accuracy information</a> in the DataSketches documentation for details.</td><td>no, defaults to 128</td></tr>
<tr><td>maxStreamLength</td><td>This parameter is a temporary solution to avoid a <a href="https://github.com/apache/druid/issues/11544">known issue</a>. It may be removed in a future release after the bug is fixed. This parameter defines the maximum number of items to store in each sketch. If a sketch reaches the limit, the query can throw <code>IllegalStateException</code>. To workaround this issue, increase the maximum stream length. See <a href="https://datasketches.apache.org/docs/Quantiles/OrigQuantilesSketch">accuracy information</a> in the DataSketches documentation for how many bytes are required per stream length.</td><td>no, defaults to 1000000000</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="post-aggregators"></a><a href="#post-aggregators" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Post Aggregators</h3>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="quantile"></a><a href="#quantile" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Quantile</h4>
<p>This returns an approximation to the value that would be preceded by a given fraction of a hypothetical sorted version of the input stream.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  "type"  : "quantilesDoublesSketchToQuantile",
  "name": &lt;output name&gt;,
  "field"  : &lt;post aggregator that refers to a DoublesSketch (fieldAccess or another post aggregator)&gt;,
  "fraction" : &lt;fractional position in the hypothetical sorted stream, number from 0 to 1 inclusive&gt;
}
</code></pre>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="quantiles"></a><a href="#quantiles" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Quantiles</h4>
<p>This returns an array of quantiles corresponding to a given array of fractions</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  "type"  : "quantilesDoublesSketchToQuantiles",
  "name": &lt;output name&gt;,
  "field"  : &lt;post aggregator that refers to a DoublesSketch (fieldAccess or another post aggregator)&gt;,
  "fractions" : &lt;array of fractional positions in the hypothetical sorted stream, number from 0 to 1 inclusive&gt;
}
</code></pre>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="histogram"></a><a href="#histogram" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Histogram</h4>
<p>This returns an approximation to the histogram given an array of split points that define the histogram bins or a number of bins (not both). An array of <i>m</i> unique, monotonically increasing split points divide the real number line into <i>m+1</i> consecutive disjoint intervals. The definition of an interval is inclusive of the left split point and exclusive of the right split point. If the number of bins is specified instead of split points, the interval between the minimum and maximum values is divided into the given number of equally-spaced bins.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  "type"  : "quantilesDoublesSketchToHistogram",
  "name": &lt;output name&gt;,
  "field"  : &lt;post aggregator that refers to a DoublesSketch (fieldAccess or another post aggregator)&gt;,
  "splitPoints" : &lt;array of split points (optional)&gt;,
  "numBins" : &lt;number of bins (optional, defaults to 10)&gt;
}
</code></pre>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="rank"></a><a href="#rank" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Rank</h4>
<p>This returns an approximation to the rank of a given value that is the fraction of the distribution less than that value.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  <span class="hljs-attr">"type"</span>  : <span class="hljs-string">"quantilesDoublesSketchToRank"</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span>: &lt;output name&gt;,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"field"</span>  : &lt;post aggregator that refers to a DoublesSketch (fieldAccess or another post aggregator)&gt;,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"value"</span> : &lt;value&gt;
}
</code></pre>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cdf"></a><a href="#cdf" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CDF</h4>
<p>This returns an approximation to the Cumulative Distribution Function given an array of split points that define the edges of the bins. An array of <i>m</i> unique, monotonically increasing split points divide the real number line into <i>m+1</i> consecutive disjoint intervals. The definition of an interval is inclusive of the left split point and exclusive of the right split point. The resulting array of fractions can be viewed as ranks of each split point with one additional rank that is always 1.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  <span class="hljs-attr">"type"</span>  : <span class="hljs-string">"quantilesDoublesSketchToCDF"</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span>: &lt;output name&gt;,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"field"</span>  : &lt;post aggregator that refers to a DoublesSketch (fieldAccess or another post aggregator)&gt;,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"splitPoints"</span> : &lt;array of split points&gt;
}
</code></pre>
<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sketch-summary"></a><a href="#sketch-summary" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sketch Summary</h4>
<p>This returns a summary of the sketch that can be used for debugging. This is the result of calling toString() method.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
  <span class="hljs-attr">"type"</span>  : <span class="hljs-string">"quantilesDoublesSketchToString"</span>,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"name"</span>: &lt;output name&gt;,
  <span class="hljs-attr">"field"</span>  : &lt;post aggregator that refers to a DoublesSketch (fieldAccess or another post aggregator)&gt;
}
</code></pre>
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