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components</h4><ul><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/latest/querying/filters.html">Filters</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/latest/querying/granularities.html">Granularities</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/latest/querying/dimensionspecs.html">Dimensions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/latest/querying/aggregations.html">Aggregations</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/latest/querying/post-aggregations.html">Post-aggregations</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/latest/misc/math-expr.html">Expressions</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/latest/querying/having.html">Having filters (groupBy)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/latest/querying/limitspec.html">Sorting and limiting (groupBy)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" 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<blockquote>
<p>Apache Druid supports two query languages: Druid SQL and <a href="/docs/latest/querying/querying.html">native queries</a>.
This document describes the SQL language.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>You can make <a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql.html">Druid SQL</a> queries using the <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/avatica/downloads/">Avatica JDBC driver</a>. We recommend using Avatica JDBC driver version 1.17.0 or later. Note that as of the time of this writing, Avatica 1.17.0, the latest version, does not support passing connection string parameters from the URL to Druid, so you must pass them using a <code>Properties</code> object. Once you've downloaded the Avatica client jar, add it to your classpath and use the connect string <code>jdbc:avatica:remote:url=http://BROKER:8082/druid/v2/sql/avatica/</code>.</p>
<p>When using the JDBC connector for the <a href="#examples">examples</a> or in general, it's helpful to understand the parts of the connect string stored in the <code>url</code> variable:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>jdbc:avatica:remote:url=</code> is prepended to the hostname and port.</li>
<li>The hostname and port number for your Druid deployment depends on whether you want to connect to the Router or a specific Broker. For more information, see <a href="#connection-stickiness">Connection stickiness</a>. In the case of the quickstart deployment, the hostname and port are <code>http://localhost:8888</code>, which connects to the Router running on your local machine.</li>
<li>The SQL endpoint in Druid for the Avatica driver is  <code>/druid/v2/sql/avatica/</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Example code:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-java"><span class="hljs-comment">// Connect to /druid/v2/sql/avatica/ on your Broker.</span>
String url = <span class="hljs-string">"jdbc:avatica:remote:url=http://localhost:8082/druid/v2/sql/avatica/"</span>;

<span class="hljs-comment">// Set any connection context parameters you need here</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Or leave empty for default behavior.</span>
Properties connectionProperties = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Properties();

<span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, connectionProperties)) {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (
      <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
      <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query)
  ) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (resultSet.next()) {
      <span class="hljs-comment">// process result set</span>
    }
  }
}
</code></pre>
<p>For a runnable example that includes a query that you might run, see <a href="#examples">Examples</a>.</p>
<p>It is also possible to use a protocol buffers JDBC connection with Druid, this offer reduced bloat and potential performance
improvements for larger result sets. To use it apply the following connection url instead, everything else remains the same</p>
<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attribute">String url</span> = <span class="hljs-string">"jdbc:avatica:remote:url=http://localhost:8082/druid/v2/sql/avatica-protobuf/;serialization=protobuf"</span>;
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>The protobuf endpoint is also known to work with the official <a href="https://github.com/apache/calcite-avatica-go">Golang Avatica driver</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Table metadata is available over JDBC using <code>connection.getMetaData()</code> or by querying the
<a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-metadata-tables.html">&quot;INFORMATION_SCHEMA&quot; tables</a>. For an example of this, see <a href="#get-the-metadata-for-a-datasource">Get the metadata for a datasource</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="connection-stickiness"></a><a href="#connection-stickiness" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Connection stickiness</h2>
<p>Druid's JDBC server does not share connection state between Brokers. This means that if you're using JDBC and have
multiple Druid Brokers, you should either connect to a specific Broker or use a load balancer with sticky sessions
enabled. The Druid Router process provides connection stickiness when balancing JDBC requests, and can be used to achieve
the necessary stickiness even with a normal non-sticky load balancer. Please see the
<a href="/docs/latest/design/router.html">Router</a> documentation for more details.</p>
<p>Note that the non-JDBC <a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-api.html#submit-a-query">JSON over HTTP</a> API is stateless and does not require stickiness.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dynamic-parameters"></a><a href="#dynamic-parameters" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dynamic parameters</h2>
<p>You can use <a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql.html#dynamic-parameters">parameterized queries</a> in JDBC code, as in this example:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-java">PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(<span class="hljs-string">"SELECT COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM druid.foo WHERE dim1 = ? OR dim1 = ?"</span>);
statement.setString(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"abc"</span>);
statement.setString(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"def"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="examples"></a><a href="#examples" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Examples</h2>
<!-- docs/tutorial-jdbc.md redirects here -->
<p>The following section contains two complete samples that use the JDBC connector:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#get-the-metadata-for-a-datasource">Get the metadata for a datasource</a> shows you how to query the <code>INFORMATION_SCHEMA</code> to get metadata like column names.</li>
<li><a href="#query-data">Query data</a> runs a select query against the datasource.</li>
</ul>
<p>You can try out these examples after verifying that you meet the <a href="#prerequisites">prerequisites</a>.</p>
<p>For more information about the connection options, see <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/avatica/docs/client_reference.html">Client Reference</a>.</p>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="prerequisites"></a><a href="#prerequisites" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Prerequisites</h3>
<p>Make sure you meet the following requirements before trying these examples:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>A supported Java version, such as Java 8</p></li>
<li><p><a href="https://calcite.apache.org/avatica/downloads/">Avatica JDBC driver</a>. You can add the JAR  to your <code>CLASSPATH</code> directly or manage it externally, such as through Maven and a <code>pom.xml</code> file.</p></li>
<li><p>An available Druid instance. You can use the <code>micro-quickstart</code> configuration described in <a href="/docs/latest/tutorials/index.html">Quickstart (local)</a>. The examples assume that you are using the quickstart, so no authentication or authorization is expected unless explicitly mentioned.</p></li>
<li><p>The example <code>wikipedia</code> datasource from the quickstart is loaded on your Druid instance. If you have a different datasource loaded, you can still try these examples. You'll have to update the table name and column names to match your datasource.</p></li>
</ul>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="get-the-metadata-for-a-datasource"></a><a href="#get-the-metadata-for-a-datasource" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Get the metadata for a datasource</h3>
<p>Metadata, such as column names, is available either through the <a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-metadata-tables.html"><code>INFORMATION_SCHEMA</code></a> table or through <code>connect.getMetaData()</code>. The following example uses the <code>INFORMATION_SCHEMA</code> table to retrieve and print the list of column names for the <code>wikipedia</code> datasource that you loaded during a previous tutorial.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.sql.*;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.Properties;

<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">JdbcListColumns</span> </span>{

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String args[])</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> SQLException
    </span>{
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Connect to /druid/v2/sql/avatica/ on your Router. </span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// You can connect to a Broker but must configure connection stickiness if you do. </span>
        String url = <span class="hljs-string">"jdbc:avatica:remote:url=http://localhost:8888/druid/v2/sql/avatica/"</span>;

        String query = <span class="hljs-string">"SELECT COLUMN_NAME,* FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'wikipedia' and TABLE_SCHEMA='druid'"</span>;
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Set any connection context parameters you need here</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Or leave empty for default behavior.</span>
        Properties connectionProperties = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Properties();

        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, connectionProperties)) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(query)
            ) {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (rs.next()) {
                    String columnName = rs.getString(<span class="hljs-string">"COLUMN_NAME"</span>);
                    System.out.println(columnName);
                }
            }
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }
}
</code></pre>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="query-data"></a><a href="#query-data" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Query data</h3>
<p>Now that you know what columns are available, you can start querying the data. The following example queries the datasource named <code>wikipedia</code> for the timestamps and comments from Japan. It also sets the <a href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-query-context.html">query context parameter</a> <code>sqlTimeZone</code> . Optionally,  you can also parameterize queries by using <a href="#dynamic-parameters">dynamic parameters</a>.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-java"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.sql.*;
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.Properties;

<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">JdbcCountryAndTime</span> </span>{

    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String args[])</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> SQLException
    </span>{
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Connect to /druid/v2/sql/avatica/ on your Router. </span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// You can connect to a Broker but must configure connection stickiness if you do. </span>
        String url = <span class="hljs-string">"jdbc:avatica:remote:url=http://localhost:8888/druid/v2/sql/avatica/"</span>;

        <span class="hljs-comment">//The query you want to run.</span>
        String query = <span class="hljs-string">"SELECT __time, isRobot, countryName, comment FROM wikipedia WHERE countryName='Japan'"</span>;
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Set any connection context parameters you need here</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// Or leave empty for default behavior.</span>
        Properties connectionProperties = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Properties();
        connectionProperties.setProperty(<span class="hljs-string">"sqlTimeZone"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"America/Los_Angeles"</span>);

        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, connectionProperties)) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> (
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
                    <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(query)
            ) {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> (rs.next()) {
                    Timestamp timeStamp = rs.getTimestamp(<span class="hljs-string">"__time"</span>);
                    String comment = rs.getString(<span class="hljs-string">"comment"</span>);
                    System.out.println(timeStamp);
                    System.out.println(comment);
                }
            }
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (SQLException e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }
}
</code></pre>
</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-api.html"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Druid SQL API</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/latest/querying/sql-query-context.html"><span>SQL query context</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#connection-stickiness">Connection stickiness</a></li><li><a href="#dynamic-parameters">Dynamic parameters</a></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li><li><a href="#get-the-metadata-for-a-datasource">Get the metadata for a datasource</a></li><li><a href="#query-data">Query data</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer druid-footer" id="footer"><div class="container"><div class="text-center"><p><a href="/technology">Technology</a> · <a href="/use-cases">Use Cases</a> · <a href="/druid-powered">Powered by Druid</a> · <a href="/docs/latest/">Docs</a> · <a href="/community/">Community</a> · <a href="/downloads.html">Download</a> · <a href="/faq">FAQ</a></p></div><div class="text-center"><a title="Join the user group" href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/druid-user" target="_blank"><span class="fa fa-comments"></span></a> · <a title="Follow Druid" href="https://twitter.com/druidio" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-twitter"></span></a> · <a title="Download via Apache" href="https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/incubator/druid/{{ site.druid_versions[0].versions[0].version }}/apache-druid-{{ site.druid_versions[0].versions[0].version }}-bin.tar.gz" target="_blank"><span class="fas fa-feather"></span></a> · <a title="GitHub" href="https://github.com/apache/druid" target="_blank"><span class="fab fa-github"></span></a></div><div class="text-center license">Copyright © 2022 <a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank">Apache Software Foundation</a>.<br/>Except where otherwise noted, licensed under <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>.<br/>Apache Druid, Druid, and the Druid logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation in the United States and other countries.</div></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/docsearch.js@2/dist/cdn/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>
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