[feature](ivm) Support incremental view maintenance (IVM) for materialized tables (MTMV) (#62606)

### What problem does this PR solve?

Implement Incremental View Maintenance (IVM) for materialized tables
(MTMV) in Apache Doris. When a base table of an MTMV changes, only the
affected rows are derived from the base-table deltas (row binlog / Table
Stream) and transactionally applied to the materialized table, instead
of recomputing the whole result with a full refresh. This enables
maintaining near-real-time aggregation and join results at a fraction of
the cost of full refresh.

Supported operators: projection, filter, aggregate
(COUNT/SUM/AVG/MIN/MAX, bitmap aggregates, expression arguments, bare
GROUP BY, grouping sets), joins (INNER/CROSS/OUTER JOIN, nested join and
self join), UNION ALL, subquery aliases, and OneRowRelation.

Supported refresh: `REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW ...
INCREMENTAL/PARTITIONS`, refresh explain, dry-run, and automatic
full-refresh fallback when incremental maintenance is not valid (e.g.
binlog broken).

Lifecycle: stream creation/lifecycle integrated with MTMV, chained IVM
MTMV support.

This PR is the MTMV incremental-maintenance layer of the end-to-end
incremental computation stack tracked by #65418.

Issue Number: close #66719

Related issue: #65418 (tracking issue), #57921 (superseded umbrella
issue)

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Co-authored-by: seawinde <wusi@selectdb.com>