---

{ “title”: “CSV”, “language”: “en”, “description”: “A complete guide to importing CSV files into Apache Doris: supports custom delimiters, enclosing characters, escape characters, and compression formats, applicable to multiple import methods such as Stream Load and Broker Load.”, “keywords”: [ “Doris CSV import”, “CSV format parameters”, “column_separator”, “line_delimiter”, “enclose”, “Stream Load CSV”, “Broker Load CSV”, “Routine Load CSV”, “csv_with_names”, “compress_type” ] }

This document describes how to import CSV-format data files into Apache Doris. Doris supports flexible CSV format configuration, including custom row/column delimiters, field enclosing characters, escape characters, the number of lines to skip, and compression formats. It also provides multiple import methods to meet data import requirements for different scenarios such as batch loading, real-time streaming ingestion, and federated queries.

Quick navigation

Before you start, choose an appropriate import method based on your data source and timeliness requirements, then refer to the parameters and examples in the corresponding section:

• Small local files, HTTP push: use Stream Load
• Large batches of files in object storage / HDFS: use Broker Load
• Real-time data streams from Kafka: use Routine Load
• Local files via the MySQL client: use MySQL Load
• Querying or loading external storage files directly via SQL: use S3 TVF or HDFS TVF

Supported import methods

Doris provides the following methods for importing CSV-format data:

Import method	Applicable scenario	Entry point
Stream Load	Push local files or program data via HTTP	Stream Load
Broker Load	Batch import from remote storage such as S3 / HDFS	Broker Load
Routine Load	Continuously subscribe to and import from Kafka	Routine Load
MySQL Load	Import local files via the MySQL protocol	MySQL Load
INSERT INTO FROM S3 TVF	Read S3 files directly and insert into a table	S3 TVF
INSERT INTO FROM HDFS TVF	Read HDFS files directly and insert into a table	HDFS TVF

CSV format parameters

Parameter support matrix across import methods

The following table summarizes the support and corresponding syntax of CSV format parameters across different import methods:

Parameter	Default	Stream Load	Broker Load	Routine Load	MySQL Load	TVF
Line delimiter	\n	line_delimiter	LINES TERMINATED BY	Not supported	LINES TERMINATED BY	line_delimiter
Column separator	\t	column_separator	COLUMNS TERMINATED BY	COLUMNS TERMINATED BY	COLUMNS TERMINATED BY	column_separator
Enclose	None	enclose	PROPERTIES.enclose	PROPERTIES.enclose	PROPERTIES.enclose	enclose
Escape	\	escape	PROPERTIES.escape	PROPERTIES.escape	PROPERTIES.escape	escape
Skip lines	0	skip_lines	PROPERTIES.skip_lines	Not supported	IGNORE LINES	skip_lines
Trim double quotes	false	trim_double_quotes	Not supported	PROPERTIES.trim_double_quotes	Not supported	trim_double_quotes
Compression format	plain	compress_type	PROPERTIES.compress_type	Not supported	Not supported	compress_type

:::tip Parameter syntax for each import method

1. Stream Load: parameters are specified directly via HTTP headers, for example: -H "line_delimiter:\n"
2. Broker Load: parameters are specified via SQL statements:
   • Delimiters are specified via COLUMNS TERMINATED BY and LINES TERMINATED BY
   • Other parameters are specified via PROPERTIES, for example: PROPERTIES("compress_type"="gz")
3. Routine Load: parameters are specified via SQL statements:
   • Delimiters are specified via COLUMNS TERMINATED BY
   • Other parameters are specified via PROPERTIES, for example: PROPERTIES("enclose"="\"")
4. MySQL Load: parameters are specified via SQL statements:
   • Delimiters are specified via LINES TERMINATED BY and COLUMNS TERMINATED BY
   • Other parameters are specified via PROPERTIES, for example: PROPERTIES("escape"="\\")
5. TVF: parameters are specified in the TVF statement, for example: S3("line_delimiter"="\n") :::

Parameter details

Line delimiter (line_delimiter)

• Purpose: specifies the line break character in the file to import
• Default: \n
• Characteristics: supports a combination of multiple characters as the line delimiter

Typical scenarios:

• Linux/Unix files:

  Data file:
  Zhang San, 25\n
  Li Si, 30\n
  
  Parameter setting:
  line_delimiter: \n (default value, can be omitted)
  

• Windows files:

  Data file:
  Zhang San, 25\r\n
  Li Si, 30\r\n
  
  Parameter setting:
  line_delimiter: \r\n
  

• Files generated by special programs:

  Data file:
  Zhang San, 25\r
  Li Si, 30\r
  
  Parameter setting:
  line_delimiter: \r
  

• Custom multi-character delimiter:

  Data file:
  Zhang San, 25||
  Li Si, 30||
  
  Parameter setting:
  line_delimiter: ||
  

Column separator (column_separator)

• Purpose: specifies the column separator in the file to import
• Default: \t (tab)
• Characteristics:
  • Supports both visible and invisible characters
  • Supports multi-character combinations
  • Invisible characters must be represented in hexadecimal with the \x prefix
• MySQL protocol special handling:
  • Invisible characters require an additional backslash
  • For example, Hive's \x01 must be written as \\x01 in Broker Load

Typical scenarios:

• Common visible characters:

  Data file:
  Zhang San, 25, Beijing
  Li Si, 30, Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  column_separator: ,
  

• Tab (default):

  Data file:
  Zhang San    25    Beijing
  Li Si    30    Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  column_separator: \t (default value, can be omitted)
  

• Hive files (Stream Load):

  Data file:
  Zhang San\x0125\x01 Beijing
  Li Si\x0130\x01 Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  column_separator: \x01
  

• Hive files (Broker Load):

  Data file:
  Zhang San\x0125\x01 Beijing
  Li Si\x0130\x01 Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  PROPERTIES("column_separator"="\\x01")
  

• Multi-character delimiter:

  Data file:
  Zhang San||25||Beijing
  Li Si||30||Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  column_separator: ||
  

Enclose (enclose)

• Purpose: protects fields that contain special characters from being parsed incorrectly
• Limitation: only single-byte characters are supported
• Common characters:
  • Single quote: '
  • Double quote: "

Typical scenarios:

• Field contains the column separator:

  Data: a,'b,c',d
  Column separator: ,
  Enclose: '
  Parsing result: 3 fields [a] [b,c] [d]
  

• Field contains the line delimiter:

  Data: a,'b\nc',d
  Column separator: ,
  Enclose: '
  Parsing result: 3 fields [a] [b\nc] [d]
  

• Field contains both the column separator and the line delimiter:

  Data: a,'b,c\nd,e',f
  Column separator: ,
  Enclose: '
  Parsing result: 3 fields [a] [b,c\nd,e] [f]
  

Escape (escape)

• Purpose: escapes characters in a field that are the same as the enclosing character
• Limitation: only single-byte characters are supported. The default is \

Typical scenarios:

• Field contains the enclosing character:

  Data: a,'b,\'c',d
  Column separator: ,
  Enclose: '
  Escape: \
  Parsing result: 3 fields [a] [b,'c] [d]
  

• Field contains multiple enclosing characters:

  Data: a,"b,\"c\"d",e
  Column separator: ,
  Enclose: "
  Escape: \
  Parsing result: 3 fields [a] [b,"c"d] [e]
  

• Field contains the escape character itself:

  Data: a,'b\\c',d
  Column separator: ,
  Enclose: '
  Escape: \
  Parsing result: 3 fields [a] [b\c] [d]
  

Skip lines (skip_lines)

• Purpose: skips the first N lines of the CSV file
• Type: integer
• Default: 0
• Special notes:
  • When format is csv_with_names, the system automatically skips the first line (column names) and ignores the skip_lines parameter
  • When format is csv_with_names_and_types, the system automatically skips the first two lines (column names and types) and ignores the skip_lines parameter

Typical scenarios:

• Skip the header line:

  Data file:
  Name, Age, City
  Zhang San, 25, Beijing
  Li Si, 30, Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  skip_lines: 1
  Result: skip the header line and import the subsequent data
  

• Skip comment lines:

  Data file:
  # User information table
  # Created at: 2024-01-01
  Zhang San, 25, Beijing
  Li Si, 30, Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  skip_lines: 2
  Result: skip the comment lines and import the subsequent data
  

• Use the csv_with_names format:

  Data file:
  name,age,city
  Zhang San, 25, Beijing
  Li Si, 30, Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  format: csv_with_names
  Result: the system automatically skips the first line of column names
  

• Use the csv_with_names_and_types format:

  Data file:
  name,age,city
  string,int,string
  Zhang San, 25, Beijing
  Li Si, 30, Shanghai
  
  Parameter setting:
  format: csv_with_names_and_types
  Result: the system automatically skips the first two lines of column names and types
  

Trim double quotes (trim_double_quotes)

• Purpose: trims the outermost double quotes from each field in the CSV file
• Type: boolean
• Default: false

Typical scenarios:

• Trim double quotes:

  Data file:
  "Zhang San","25","Beijing"
  "Li Si","30","Shanghai"
  
  Parameter setting:
  trim_double_quotes: true
  Result:
  Zhang San, 25, Beijing
  Li Si, 30, Shanghai
  

Compression format (compress_type)

• Purpose: specifies the compression format of the file to import

• Type: string, case-insensitive

• Default: plain

• Supported compression formats:

  Value	Description
  plain	No compression (default)
  bz2	BZIP2 compression
  deflate	DEFLATE compression
  gz	GZIP compression
  lz4	LZ4 Frame format compression
  lz4_block	LZ4 Block format compression
  lzo	LZO compression
  lzop	LZOP compression
  snappy_block	SNAPPY Block format compression

• Notes:

  • tar is a file packaging format, not a compression format, so .tar files are not supported
  • To use a tar-packaged file, unpack it first and then import

Examples

This section shows the three most common operations for each import method: specifying delimiters, handling quoted data, and importing compressed files.

Stream Load

# Specify delimiters
curl --location-trusted -u root: \
    -H "column_separator:," \
    -H "line_delimiter:\n" \
    -T example.csv \
    http://<fe_host>:<fe_http_port>/api/test_db/test_table/_stream_load

# Handle quoted data
curl --location-trusted -u root: \
    -H "column_separator:," \
    -H "enclose:\"" \
    -H "escape:\\" \
    -T example.csv \
    http://<fe_host>:<fe_http_port>/api/test_db/test_table/_stream_load

# Import a compressed file
curl --location-trusted -u root: \
    -H "compress_type:gz" \
    -T example.csv.gz \
    http://<fe_host>:<fe_http_port>/api/test_db/test_table/_stream_load

Broker Load

-- Specify delimiters
LOAD LABEL test_db.test_label
(
    DATA INFILE("s3://bucket/example.csv")
    INTO TABLE test_table
    COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ","
    LINES TERMINATED BY "\n"
)
WITH S3
(
    ...
);

-- Handle quoted data
LOAD LABEL test_db.test_label
(
    DATA INFILE("s3://bucket/example.csv")
    INTO TABLE test_table
    PROPERTIES
    (
        "enclose" = "\"",
        "escape" = "\\"
    )
)
WITH S3
(
    ...
);

-- Import a compressed file
LOAD LABEL test_db.test_label
(
    DATA INFILE("s3://bucket/example.csv.gz")
    INTO TABLE test_table
    PROPERTIES
    (
        "compress_type" = "gz"
    )
)
WITH S3
(
    ...
);

Routine Load

-- Specify delimiters
CREATE ROUTINE LOAD test_db.test_job ON test_table
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ","
FROM KAFKA
(
     ...
);

-- Handle quoted data
CREATE ROUTINE LOAD test_db.test_job ON test_table
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ","
PROPERTIES
(
    "enclose" = "\"",
    "escape" = "\\"
)
FROM KAFKA
(
    ...
);

MySQL Load

-- Specify delimiters
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'example.csv'
INTO TABLE test_table
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ','
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';

-- Handle quoted data
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'example.csv'
INTO TABLE test_table
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ','
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
PROPERTIES
(
    "enclose" = "\"",
    "escape" = "\\"
);

-- Skip the header
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'example.csv'
INTO TABLE test_table
COLUMNS TERMINATED BY ','
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
IGNORE 1 LINES;

TVF

-- Specify delimiters
INSERT INTO test_table
SELECT *
FROM S3
(
    "uri" = "s3://bucket/example.csv",
    "format" = "csv",
    "column_separator" = ",",
    "line_delimiter" = "\n"
    ...
);

-- Handle quoted data
INSERT INTO test_table
SELECT *
FROM S3
(
    "uri" = "s3://bucket/example.csv",
    "format" = "csv",
    "column_separator" = ",",
    "enclose" = "\"",
    "escape" = "\\"
    ...
);

-- Import a compressed file
INSERT INTO test_table
SELECT *
FROM S3
(
    "uri" = "s3://bucket/example.csv.gz",
    "format" = "csv",
    "compress_type" = "gz"
    ...
);

FAQ

Q1: Hive's default \x01 column separator does not work in Broker Load. Why?

Under the MySQL protocol, invisible characters require an additional backslash and must be written as \\x01, for example PROPERTIES("column_separator"="\\x01"). When specified via the HTTP header in Stream Load, \x01 is sufficient.

Q2: Does Routine Load support a custom line delimiter?

No. Each message consumed by Routine Load from Kafka naturally corresponds to a single line, so the line_delimiter parameter is neither needed nor supported.

Q3: The first line of the CSV file is the header. How do I skip it during import?

• Stream Load / Broker Load / TVF: use skip_lines=1
• MySQL Load: use IGNORE 1 LINES
• If the file also follows the name1,name2,... header convention, set format to csv_with_names and the system automatically skips the first line. Set it to csv_with_names_and_types to automatically skip the first two lines (column names + types)

Q4: Can I import a .tar or .tar.gz file directly?

No. tar is a packaging format, not a compression format. Doris only supports the compression formats listed under compress_type. Unpack .tar or .tar.gz files first and then import them.

Q5: A field contains both the column separator and a line break. How should I handle it?

Set enclose for that field. For example, with single quotes as the enclosing character, a,'b,c\nd,e',f is correctly parsed into 3 fields [a], [b,c\nd,e], [f] when the column separator is , and the enclose is '. If the field also contains the enclosing character itself, combine it with escape.

Q6: How do I remove the outermost double quotes when importing fields wrapped in double quotes?

Set trim_double_quotes to true, and Doris automatically trims the outermost double quotes from each field after parsing. This parameter is supported in Stream Load, Routine Load, and TVF, but not in Broker Load or MySQL Load.