---

{ “title”: “EXPLODE-OUTER”, “language”: “en”, “description”: “The explode function accepts an array and maps each element of the array to a separate row.” }

Description

The explode function accepts an array and maps each element of the array to a separate row. It should be used together with LATERAL VIEW to flatten nested data structures into a standard flat table format. The main difference between explode_outer and explode is how they handle null values.

Syntax

EXPLODE(<array>[, ...])

Variadic Parameters

• <array> Array type.

Return Value

• Returns a single-column, multi-row result composed of all elements in <array>.
• If <array> is NULL or an empty array (number of elements is 0), 1 row with NULL is returned.

Usage Notes

1. If the <array> parameter is not of type Array, an error will be reported.
2. If there are multiple array parameters, the number of expanded rows is determined by the array with the most elements. Arrays with fewer elements will be padded with NULLs.

Examples

0. Prepare data

   create table example(
       k1 int
   ) properties(
       "replication_num" = "1"
   );
   
   insert into example values(1);
   

1. Regular parameters

   select  * from example lateral view explode([1, 2, null, 4, 5]) t2 as c;
   

   +------+------+
   | k1   | c    |
   +------+------+
   |    1 |    1 |
   |    1 |    2 |
   |    1 | NULL |
   |    1 |    4 |
   |    1 |    5 |
   +------+------+
   

2. Multiple parameters

   select  * from example lateral view explode([], [1, 2, null, 4, 5], ["ab", "cd", "ef"], [null, null, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) t2 as c0, c1, c2, c3;
   

   +------+------+------+------+------+
   | k1   | c0   | c1   | c2   | c3   |
   +------+------+------+------+------+
   |    1 | NULL |    1 | ab   | NULL |
   |    1 | NULL |    2 | cd   | NULL |
   |    1 | NULL | NULL | ef   |    1 |
   |    1 | NULL |    4 | NULL |    2 |
   |    1 | NULL |    5 | NULL |    3 |
   |    1 | NULL | NULL | NULL |    4 |
   |    1 | NULL | NULL | NULL |    5 |
   +------+------+------+------+------+
   

   The array with the most rows after expansion is [null, null, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] (c3), which has 7 rows. Therefore, the final result has 7 rows, and the other three arrays (c0, c1, c2) are padded with NULLs for missing rows.

3. Empty array

   select  * from example lateral view explode_outer([]) t2 as c;
   

   +------+------+
   | k1   | c    |
   +------+------+
   |    1 | NULL |
   +------+------+
   

4. NULL parameter

   select  * from example lateral view explode_outer(NULL) t2 as c;
   

   +------+------+
   | k1   | c    |
   +------+------+
   |    1 | NULL |
   +------+------+
   

5. Non-array parameter

   select  * from example lateral view explode_outer('abc') t2 as c;
   

   ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = Can not find the compatibility function signature: explode_outer(VARCHAR(3))