/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.entry;


import java.io.Externalizable;

import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.exception.LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;
import org.apache.directory.api.ldap.model.schema.AttributeType;


/**
 * A generic interface used to store the LDAP Attributes.
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:dev@directory.apache.org">Apache Directory Project</a>
 */
public interface Attribute extends Iterable<Value<?>>, Externalizable
{
    /**
     * Adds some values to this attribute. If the new values are already present in
     * the attribute values, the method has no effect.
     * <p>
     * The new values are added at the end of list of values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * This method returns the number of values that were added.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the value's type is different from the attribute's type,
     * a conversion is done. For instance, if we try to set some String
     * into a Binary attribute, we just store the UTF-8 byte array 
     * encoding for this String.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If we try to store some byte[] in a HR attribute, we try to 
     * convert those byte[] assuming they represent an UTF-8 encoded
     * String. Of course, if it's not the case, the stored value will
     * be incorrect.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * It's the responsibility of the caller to check if the stored
     * values are consistent with the attribute's type.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * The caller can set the HR flag in order to enforce a type for 
     * the current attribute, otherwise this type will be set while
     * adding the first value, using the value's type to set the flag.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param vals some new values to be added which may be null
     * @return the number of added values, or 0 if none has been added
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException if some of the added values are not valid
     */
    int add( String... vals ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;


    /**
     * Adds some values to this attribute. If the new values are already present in
     * the attribute values, the method has no effect.
     * <p>
     * The new values are added at the end of list of values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * This method returns the number of values that were added.
     * </p>
     * If the value's type is different from the attribute's type,
     * a conversion is done. For instance, if we try to set some String
     * into a Binary attribute, we just store the UTF-8 byte array 
     * encoding for this String.
     * If we try to store some byte[] in a HR attribute, we try to 
     * convert those byte[] assuming they represent an UTF-8 encoded
     * String. Of course, if it's not the case, the stored value will
     * be incorrect.
     * <br>
     * It's the responsibility of the caller to check if the stored
     * values are consistent with the attribute's type.
     * <br>
     * The caller can set the HR flag in order to enforce a type for 
     * the current attribute, otherwise this type will be set while
     * adding the first value, using the value's type to set the flag.
     *
     * @param vals some new values to be added which may be null
     * @return the number of added values, or 0 if none has been added
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException if some of the added values are not valid
     */
    int add( byte[]... vals ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;


    /**
     * Adds some values to this attribute. If the new values are already present in
     * the attribute values, the method has no effect.
     * <p>
     * The new values are added at the end of list of values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * This method returns the number of values that were added.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the value's type is different from the attribute's type,
     * a conversion is done. For instance, if we try to set some 
     * StringValue into a Binary attribute, we just store the UTF-8 
     * byte array encoding for this StringValue.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If we try to store some BinaryValue in a HR attribute, we try to 
     * convert those BinaryValue assuming they represent an UTF-8 encoded
     * String. Of course, if it's not the case, the stored value will
     * be incorrect.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * It's the responsibility of the caller to check if the stored
     * values are consistent with the attribute's type.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * The caller can set the HR flag in order to enforce a type for 
     * the current attribute, otherwise this type will be set while
     * adding the first value, using the value's type to set the flag.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * <b>Note : </b>If the entry contains no value, and the unique added value
     * is a null length value, then this value will be considered as
     * a binary value.
     * </p>
     * @param val some new values to be added which may be null
     * @return the number of added values, or 0 if none has been added
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException if some of the added values are not valid
     */
    int add( Value<?>... val ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;


    /**
     * Remove all the values from this attribute.
     */
    void clear();


    /**
     * @return A clone of the current object
     */
    Attribute clone();


    /**
     * <p>
     * Indicates whether the specified values are some of the attribute's values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the Attribute is not HR, the values will be converted to byte[]
     * </p>
     *
     * @param vals the values
     * @return true if this attribute contains all the given values, otherwise false
     */
    boolean contains( String... vals );


    /**
     * <p>
     * Indicates whether the specified values are some of the attribute's values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the Attribute is HR, the values will be converted to String
     * </p>
     *
     * @param vals the values
     * @return true if this attribute contains all the given values, otherwise false
     */
    boolean contains( byte[]... vals );


    /**
     * <p>
     * Indicates whether the specified values are some of the attribute's values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the Attribute is HR, the binary values will be converted to String before
     * being checked.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param vals the values
     * @return true if this attribute contains all the given values, otherwise false
     */
    boolean contains( Value<?>... vals );


    /**
     * Get the attribute type associated with this EntryAttribute.
     *
     * @return the attributeType associated with this entry attribute
     */
    AttributeType getAttributeType();


    /**
     * <p>
     * Set the attribute type associated with this EntryAttribute.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * The current attributeType will be replaced. It is the responsibility of
     * the caller to insure that the existing values are compatible with the new
     * AttributeType
     * </p>
     *
     * @param attributeType the attributeType associated with this entry attribute
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException if the contained values are not valid accordingly
     * to the added AttributeType
     */
    void apply( AttributeType attributeType ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;


    /**
     * <p>
     * Check if the current attribute type has the same type (or is a descendant of)
     * than the given attributeType
     *
     * @param attributeType The AttributeType to check
     * @return true if the current attribute is of the expected attributeType or a descendant of it
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If there is no AttributeType
     */
    boolean isInstanceOf( AttributeType attributeType ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;


    /**
     * <p>
     * Get the first value of this attribute. If there is none, 
     * null is returned.
     * </p>
     * <p> 
     * This method is meant to be used if the attribute hold only one value.
     * </p>
     * 
     *  @return The first value for this attribute.
     */
    Value<?> get();


    /**
     * <p>
     * Get the byte[] value, if and only if the value is known to be Binary,
     * otherwise a InvalidAttributeValueException will be thrown
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Note that this method returns the first value only.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return The value as a byte[]
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If the value is a String
     */
    byte[] getBytes() throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;


    /**
     * Get's the attribute identifier for this entry. This is the value
     * that will be used as the identifier for the attribute within the
     * entry.
     *
     * @return the identifier for this attribute
     */
    String getId();


    /**
     * Get's the user provided identifier for this entry.  This is the value
     * that will be used as the identifier for the attribute within the
     * entry.  If this is a commonName attribute for example and the user
     * provides "COMMONname" instead when adding the entry then this is
     * the format the user will have that entry returned by the directory
     * server.  To do so we store this value as it was given and track it
     * in the attribute using this property.
     *
     * @return the user provided identifier for this attribute
     */
    String getUpId();


    /**
     * <p>
     * Tells if the attribute is human readable. 
     * </p>
     * <p>This flag is set by the caller, or implicitly when adding String 
     * values into an attribute which is not yet declared as Binary.
     * </p> 
     * @return true if the attribute is human readable
     */
    boolean isHumanReadable();


    /**
     * <p>
     * Get the String value, if and only if the value is known to be a String,
     * otherwise a InvalidAttributeValueException will be thrown
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Note that this method returns the first value only.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return The value as a String
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException If the value is a byte[]
     */
    String getString() throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;


    /**
     * <p>
     * Removes all the  values that are equal to the given values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Returns true if all the values are removed.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the attribute type is not HR, then the values will be first converted
     * to byte[]
     * </p>
     *
     * @param vals the values to be removed
     * @return true if all the values are removed, otherwise false
     */
    boolean remove( String... vals );


    /**
     * <p>
     * Removes all the  values that are equal to the given values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Returns true if all the values are removed. 
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the attribute type is HR, then the values will be first converted
     * to String
     * </p>
     *
     * @param val the values to be removed
     * @return true if all the values are removed, otherwise false
     */
    boolean remove( byte[]... val );


    /**
     * <p>
     * Removes all the  values that are equal to the given values.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Returns true if all the values are removed.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If the attribute type is HR and some value which are not String, we
     * will convert the values first (same thing for a non-HR attribute).
     * </p>
     *
     * @param vals the values to be removed
     * @return true if all the values are removed, otherwise false
     */
    boolean remove( Value<?>... vals );


    /**
     * Set the user provided ID. It will also set the ID, normalizing
     * the upId (removing spaces before and after, and lower casing it)
     *
     * @param upId The attribute ID
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the ID is empty or null or
     * resolve to an empty value after being trimmed
     */
    void setUpId( String upId ) throws IllegalArgumentException;


    /**
     * <p>
     * Set the user provided ID. If we have none, the upId is assigned
     * the attributetype's name. If it does not have any name, we will
     * use the OID.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If we have an upId and an AttributeType, they must be compatible. :
     *  - if the upId is an OID, it must be the AttributeType's OID
     *  - otherwise, its normalized form must be equals to ones of
     *  the attributeType's names.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * In any case, the ATtributeType will be changed. The caller is responsible for
     * the present values to be compatible with the new AttributeType.
     * </p>
     * 
     * @param upId The attribute ID
     * @param attributeType The associated attributeType
     */
    void setUpId( String upId, AttributeType attributeType );


    /**
      * Retrieves the number of values in this attribute.
      *
      * @return the number of values in this attribute, including any values
      * wrapping a null value if there is one
      */
    int size();


    /**
     * Checks to see if this attribute is valid along with the values it contains.
     *
     * @param attributeType The AttributeType
     * @return true if the attribute and it's values are valid, false otherwise
     * @throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException if there is a failure to check syntaxes of values
     */
    boolean isValid( AttributeType attributeType ) throws LdapInvalidAttributeValueException;
    
    
    /**
     * A pretty-pinter for Attribute
     * 
     * @param tabs The tabs to add before any output
     * @return The pretty-printed entry
     */
    String toString( String tabs );
}