Scalar Functions

Math Functions

abs(x)

absolute value

acos(x)

inverse cosine

asin(x)

inverse sine

atan(x)

inverse tangent

atan2(y, x)

inverse tangent of y / x

ceil(x)

nearest integer greater than or equal to argument

cos(x)

cosine

exp(x)

exponential

floor(x)

nearest integer less than or equal to argument

ln(x)

natural logarithm

log10(x)

base 10 logarithm

log2(x)

base 2 logarithm

power(base, exponent)

base raised to the power of exponent

round(x)

round to nearest integer

signum(x)

sign of the argument (-1, 0, +1)

sin(x)

sine

sqrt(x)

square root

tan(x)

tangent

trunc(x)

truncate toward zero

Conditional Functions

coalesce

Returns the first of its arguments that is not null. Null is returned only if all arguments are null. It is often used to substitute a default value for null values when data is retrieved for display.

nullif

Returns a null value if value1 equals value2; otherwise it returns value1. This can be used to perform the inverse operation of the coalesce expression. |

String Functions

ascii

bit_length

btrim

char_length

character_length

concat

concat_ws

chr

initcap

left

length

lower

lpad

ltrim

md5

octet_length

repeat

replace

reverse

right

rpad

rtrim

digest

split_part

starts_with

strpos

substr

translate

trim

upper

Regular Expression Functions

regexp_match

regexp_replace

Temporal Functions

to_timestamp

to_timestamp() is similar to the standard SQL function. It performs conversions to type Timestamp(Nanoseconds, None), from:

• Timestamp strings
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123Z # RCF3339
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123-05:00 # RCF3339
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56.123-05:00 # close to RCF3339 but with a space er than T
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123 # close to RCF3339 but no timezone et specified
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56.123 # close to RCF3339 but uses a space and timezone offset
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56 # close to RCF3339, no fractional seconds
• An Int64 array/column, values are nanoseconds since Epoch UTC
• Other Timestamp() columns or values

Note that conversions from other Timestamp and Int64 types can also be performed using CAST(.. AS Timestamp). However, the conversion functionality here is present for consistency with the other to_timestamp_xx() functions.

to_timestamp_millis

to_timestamp_millis() does conversions to type Timestamp(Milliseconds, None), from:

• Timestamp strings, the same as supported by the regular timestamp() function (except the output is a timestamp of Milliseconds resolution)
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123Z # RCF3339
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123-05:00 # RCF3339
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56.123-05:00 # close to RCF3339 but with a space er than T
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123 # close to RCF3339 but no timezone et specified
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56.123 # close to RCF3339 but uses a space and timezone offset
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56 # close to RCF3339, no fractional seconds
• An Int64 array/column, values are milliseconds since Epoch UTC
• Other Timestamp() columns or values

Note that CAST(.. AS Timestamp) converts to Timestamps with Nanosecond resolution; this function is the only way to convert/cast to millisecond resolution.

to_timestamp_micros

to_timestamp_micros() does conversions to type Timestamp(Microseconds, None), from:

• Timestamp strings, the same as supported by the regular timestamp() function (except the output is a timestamp of microseconds resolution)
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123Z # RCF3339
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123-05:00 # RCF3339
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56.123-05:00 # close to RCF3339 but with a space er than T
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123 # close to RCF3339 but no timezone et specified
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56.123 # close to RCF3339 but uses a space and timezone offset
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56 # close to RCF3339, no fractional seconds
• An Int64 array/column, values are microseconds since Epoch UTC
• Other Timestamp() columns or values

Note that CAST(.. AS Timestamp) converts to Timestamps with Nanosecond resolution; this function is the only way to convert/cast to microsecond resolution.

to_timestamp_seconds

to_timestamp_seconds() does conversions to type Timestamp(Seconds, None), from:

• Timestamp strings, the same as supported by the regular timestamp() function (except the output is a timestamp of secondseconds resolution)
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123Z # RCF3339
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123-05:00 # RCF3339
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56.123-05:00 # close to RCF3339 but with a space er than T
  • 1997-01-31T09:26:56.123 # close to RCF3339 but no timezone et specified
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56.123 # close to RCF3339 but uses a space and timezone offset
  • 1997-01-31 09:26:56 # close to RCF3339, no fractional seconds
• An Int64 array/column, values are seconds since Epoch UTC
• Other Timestamp() columns or values

Note that CAST(.. AS Timestamp) converts to Timestamps with Nanosecond resolution; this function is the only way to convert/cast to seconds resolution.

extract

extract(field FROM source)

• The extract function retrieves subfields such as year or hour from date/time values. source must be a value expression of type timestamp, Date32, or Date64. field is an identifier that selects what field to extract from the source value. The extract function returns values of type u32.
  • year :extract(year FROM to_timestamp('2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')) -> 2020
  • month:extract(month FROM to_timestamp('2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')) -> 9
  • week :extract(week FROM to_timestamp('2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')) -> 37
  • day: extract(day FROM to_timestamp('2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')) -> 8
  • hour: extract(hour FROM to_timestamp('2020-09-08T12:00:00+00:00')) -> 12
  • minute: extract(minute FROM to_timestamp('2020-09-08T12:01:00+00:00')) -> 1
  • second: extract(second FROM to_timestamp('2020-09-08T12:00:03+00:00')) -> 3

date_part

date_part('field', source)

• The date_part function is modeled on the postgres equivalent to the SQL-standard function extract. Note that here the field parameter needs to be a string value, not a name. The valid field names for date_part are the same as for extract.
  • date_part('second', to_timestamp('2020-09-08T12:00:12+00:00')) -> 12

date_trunc

date_bin

from_unixtime

now

Returns current time as Timestamp(Nanoseconds, UTC). Returns same value for the function wherever it appears in the statement, using a value chosen at planning time.

Other Functions

array

arrow_typeof

Returns the underlying Arrow type of the the expression:

❯ select arrow_typeof(4 + 4.3);
+--------------------------------------+
| arrowtypeof(Int64(4) + Float64(4.3)) |
+--------------------------------------+
| Float64                              |
+--------------------------------------+

in_list

random

sha224

sha256

sha384

sha512

struct

to_hex