# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
import datetime as dt
import gzip
import pathlib
import shutil

import pyarrow as pa
import pyarrow.dataset as ds
import pytest
from datafusion import (
    CsvReadOptions,
    DataFrame,
    RuntimeEnvBuilder,
    SessionConfig,
    SessionContext,
    SQLOptions,
    Table,
    column,
    literal,
    udf,
)


def test_create_context_no_args():
    SessionContext()


def test_create_context_session_config_only():
    SessionContext(config=SessionConfig())


def test_create_context_runtime_config_only():
    SessionContext(runtime=RuntimeEnvBuilder())


@pytest.mark.parametrize("path_to_str", [True, False])
def test_runtime_configs(tmp_path, path_to_str):
    path1 = tmp_path / "dir1"
    path2 = tmp_path / "dir2"

    path1 = str(path1) if path_to_str else path1
    path2 = str(path2) if path_to_str else path2

    runtime = RuntimeEnvBuilder().with_disk_manager_specified(path1, path2)
    config = SessionConfig().with_default_catalog_and_schema("foo", "bar")
    ctx = SessionContext(config, runtime)
    assert ctx is not None

    db = ctx.catalog("foo").schema("bar")
    assert db is not None


@pytest.mark.parametrize("path_to_str", [True, False])
def test_temporary_files(tmp_path, path_to_str):
    path = str(tmp_path) if path_to_str else tmp_path

    runtime = RuntimeEnvBuilder().with_temp_file_path(path)
    config = SessionConfig().with_default_catalog_and_schema("foo", "bar")
    ctx = SessionContext(config, runtime)
    assert ctx is not None

    db = ctx.catalog("foo").schema("bar")
    assert db is not None


def test_create_context_with_all_valid_args():
    runtime = RuntimeEnvBuilder().with_disk_manager_os().with_fair_spill_pool(10000000)
    config = (
        SessionConfig()
        .with_create_default_catalog_and_schema(enabled=True)
        .with_default_catalog_and_schema("foo", "bar")
        .with_target_partitions(1)
        .with_information_schema(enabled=True)
        .with_repartition_joins(enabled=False)
        .with_repartition_aggregations(enabled=False)
        .with_repartition_windows(enabled=False)
        .with_parquet_pruning(enabled=False)
    )

    ctx = SessionContext(config, runtime)

    # verify that at least some of the arguments worked
    ctx.catalog("foo").schema("bar")
    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
        ctx.catalog("datafusion")


def test_register_record_batches(ctx):
    # create a RecordBatch and register it as memtable
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )

    ctx.register_record_batches("t", [[batch]])

    assert ctx.catalog().schema().names() == {"t"}

    result = ctx.sql("SELECT a+b, a-b FROM t").collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([5, 7, 9])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([-3, -3, -3])


def test_register_record_batches_empty(ctx):
    # A partition list with no record batches carries no schema, so this used to
    # panic on unchecked `[0][0]` indexing. It should now raise a clear error.
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no record batches"):
        ctx.register_record_batches("t", [[]])

    # An empty outer partition list carries no schema either, and raises the same error.
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no record batches"):
        ctx.register_record_batches("t", [])

    # The schema is still recovered from a later non-empty partition.
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays([pa.array([1, 2, 3])], names=["a"])
    ctx.register_record_batches("t2", [[], [batch]])
    assert ctx.sql("SELECT a FROM t2").collect()[0].column(0) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])


def test_create_dataframe_registers_unique_table_name(ctx):
    # create a RecordBatch and register it as memtable
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )

    df = ctx.create_dataframe([[batch]])
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert len(tables[0]) == 33
    assert tables[0].startswith("c")
    # ensure that the rest of the table name contains
    # only hexadecimal numbers
    for c in tables[0][1:]:
        assert c in "0123456789abcdef"


def test_create_dataframe_registers_with_defined_table_name(ctx):
    # create a RecordBatch and register it as memtable
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )

    df = ctx.create_dataframe([[batch]], name="tbl")
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert tables[0] == "tbl"


def test_from_arrow_table(ctx):
    # create a PyArrow table
    data = {"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data)

    # convert to DataFrame
    df = ctx.from_arrow(table)
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert isinstance(df, DataFrame)
    assert set(df.schema().names) == {"a", "b"}
    assert df.collect()[0].num_rows == 3


def record_batch_generator(num_batches: int):
    schema = pa.schema([("a", pa.int64()), ("b", pa.int64())])
    for _i in range(num_batches):
        yield pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
            [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])], schema=schema
        )


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "source",
    [
        # __arrow_c_array__ sources
        pa.array([{"a": 1, "b": 4}, {"a": 2, "b": 5}, {"a": 3, "b": 6}]),
        # __arrow_c_stream__ sources
        pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}),
        pa.RecordBatchReader.from_batches(
            pa.schema([("a", pa.int64()), ("b", pa.int64())]), record_batch_generator(1)
        ),
        pa.Table.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}),
    ],
)
def test_from_arrow_sources(ctx, source) -> None:
    df = ctx.from_arrow(source)
    assert df
    assert isinstance(df, DataFrame)
    assert df.schema().names == ["a", "b"]
    assert df.count() == 3


def test_from_arrow_table_with_name(ctx):
    # create a PyArrow table
    data = {"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data)

    # convert to DataFrame with optional name
    df = ctx.from_arrow(table, name="tbl")
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert tables[0] == "tbl"


def test_from_arrow_table_empty(ctx):
    data = {"a": [], "b": []}
    schema = pa.schema([("a", pa.int32()), ("b", pa.string())])
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data, schema=schema)

    # convert to DataFrame
    df = ctx.from_arrow(table)
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert isinstance(df, DataFrame)
    assert set(df.schema().names) == {"a", "b"}
    assert len(df.collect()) == 0


def test_from_arrow_table_empty_no_schema(ctx):
    data = {"a": [], "b": []}
    table = pa.Table.from_pydict(data)

    # convert to DataFrame
    df = ctx.from_arrow(table)
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert isinstance(df, DataFrame)
    assert set(df.schema().names) == {"a", "b"}
    assert len(df.collect()) == 0


def test_from_pylist(ctx):
    # create a dataframe from Python list
    data = [
        {"a": 1, "b": 4},
        {"a": 2, "b": 5},
        {"a": 3, "b": 6},
    ]

    df = ctx.from_pylist(data)
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert isinstance(df, DataFrame)
    assert set(df.schema().names) == {"a", "b"}
    assert df.collect()[0].num_rows == 3


def test_from_pydict(ctx):
    # create a dataframe from Python dictionary
    data = {"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}

    df = ctx.from_pydict(data)
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert isinstance(df, DataFrame)
    assert set(df.schema().names) == {"a", "b"}
    assert df.collect()[0].num_rows == 3


def test_from_pandas(ctx):
    # create a dataframe from pandas dataframe
    pd = pytest.importorskip("pandas")
    data = {"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}
    pandas_df = pd.DataFrame(data)

    df = ctx.from_pandas(pandas_df)
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert isinstance(df, DataFrame)
    assert set(df.schema().names) == {"a", "b"}
    assert df.collect()[0].num_rows == 3


def test_from_polars(ctx):
    # create a dataframe from Polars dataframe
    pd = pytest.importorskip("polars")
    data = {"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}
    polars_df = pd.DataFrame(data)

    df = ctx.from_polars(polars_df)
    tables = list(ctx.catalog().schema().names())

    assert df
    assert len(tables) == 1
    assert isinstance(df, DataFrame)
    assert set(df.schema().names) == {"a", "b"}
    assert df.collect()[0].num_rows == 3


def test_register_table(ctx, database):
    default = ctx.catalog()
    public = default.schema("public")
    assert public.names() == {"csv", "csv1", "csv2"}
    table = public.table("csv")

    ctx.register_table("csv3", table)
    assert public.names() == {"csv", "csv1", "csv2", "csv3"}


def test_read_table_from_catalog(ctx, database):
    default = ctx.catalog()
    public = default.schema("public")
    assert public.names() == {"csv", "csv1", "csv2"}

    table = public.table("csv")
    table_df = ctx.read_table(table)
    table_df.show()


def test_read_table_from_df(ctx):
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
    result = ctx.read_table(df).collect()
    assert [b.to_pydict() for b in result] == [{"a": [1, 2]}]


def test_read_table_from_dataset(ctx):
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )
    dataset = ds.dataset([batch])

    result = ctx.read_table(dataset).collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([4, 5, 6])


def test_deregister_table(ctx, database):
    default = ctx.catalog()
    public = default.schema("public")
    assert public.names() == {"csv", "csv1", "csv2"}

    ctx.deregister_table("csv")
    assert public.names() == {"csv1", "csv2"}


def test_deregister_udf():
    ctx = SessionContext()

    is_null = udf(
        lambda x: x.is_null(),
        [pa.float64()],
        pa.bool_(),
        volatility="immutable",
        name="my_is_null",
    )
    ctx.register_udf(is_null)

    # Verify it works
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, None]})
    ctx.register_table("t", df.into_view())
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT my_is_null(a) FROM t").collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([False, True])

    # Deregister and verify it's gone
    ctx.deregister_udf("my_is_null")
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        ctx.sql("SELECT my_is_null(a) FROM t").collect()


def test_deregister_udaf():
    import pyarrow.compute as pc

    ctx = SessionContext()
    from datafusion import Accumulator, udaf

    class MySum(Accumulator):
        def __init__(self):
            self._sum = 0.0

        def update(self, values: pa.Array) -> None:
            self._sum += pc.sum(values).as_py()

        def merge(self, states: list[pa.Array]) -> None:
            self._sum += pc.sum(states[0]).as_py()

        def state(self) -> list:
            return [self._sum]

        def evaluate(self) -> pa.Scalar:
            return self._sum

    my_sum = udaf(
        MySum,
        [pa.float64()],
        pa.float64(),
        [pa.float64()],
        volatility="immutable",
        name="my_sum",
    )
    ctx.register_udaf(my_sum)
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]})
    ctx.register_table("t", df.into_view())

    result = ctx.sql("SELECT my_sum(a) FROM t").collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([6.0])

    ctx.deregister_udaf("my_sum")
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        ctx.sql("SELECT my_sum(a) FROM t").collect()


def test_deregister_udwf():
    ctx = SessionContext()
    from datafusion import udwf
    from datafusion.user_defined import WindowEvaluator

    class MyRowNumber(WindowEvaluator):
        def __init__(self):
            self._row = 0

        def evaluate_all(self, values, num_rows):
            return pa.array(list(range(1, num_rows + 1)), type=pa.uint64())

    my_row_number = udwf(
        MyRowNumber,
        [pa.float64()],
        pa.uint64(),
        volatility="immutable",
        name="my_row_number",
    )
    ctx.register_udwf(my_row_number)
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]})
    ctx.register_table("t", df.into_view())

    result = ctx.sql("SELECT my_row_number(a) OVER () FROM t").collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([1, 2, 3], type=pa.uint64())

    ctx.deregister_udwf("my_row_number")
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        ctx.sql("SELECT my_row_number(a) OVER () FROM t").collect()


def test_deregister_udtf():
    import pyarrow.dataset as ds

    ctx = SessionContext()
    from datafusion import Table, udtf

    class MyTable:
        def __call__(self):
            batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"x": [1, 2, 3]})
            return Table(ds.dataset([batch]))

    my_table = udtf(MyTable(), "my_table")
    ctx.register_udtf(my_table)

    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM my_table()").collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])

    ctx.deregister_udtf("my_table")
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM my_table()").collect()


def test_register_table_from_dataframe(ctx):
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
    ctx.register_table("df_tbl", df)
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM df_tbl").collect()
    assert [b.to_pydict() for b in result] == [{"a": [1, 2]}]


@pytest.mark.parametrize("temporary", [True, False])
def test_register_table_from_dataframe_into_view(ctx, temporary):
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
    table = df.into_view(temporary=temporary)
    assert isinstance(table, Table)
    if temporary:
        assert table.kind == "temporary"
    else:
        assert table.kind == "view"

    ctx.register_table("view_tbl", table)
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM view_tbl").collect()
    assert [b.to_pydict() for b in result] == [{"a": [1, 2]}]


def test_table_from_dataframe(ctx):
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
    table = Table(df)
    assert isinstance(table, Table)
    ctx.register_table("from_dataframe_tbl", table)
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM from_dataframe_tbl").collect()
    assert [b.to_pydict() for b in result] == [{"a": [1, 2]}]


def test_table_from_dataframe_internal(ctx):
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
    table = Table(df.df)
    assert isinstance(table, Table)
    ctx.register_table("from_internal_dataframe_tbl", table)
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM from_internal_dataframe_tbl").collect()
    assert [b.to_pydict() for b in result] == [{"a": [1, 2]}]


def test_register_dataset(ctx):
    # create a RecordBatch and register it as a pyarrow.dataset.Dataset
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )
    dataset = ds.dataset([batch])
    ctx.register_dataset("t", dataset)

    assert ctx.catalog().schema().names() == {"t"}

    result = ctx.sql("SELECT a+b, a-b FROM t").collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([5, 7, 9])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([-3, -3, -3])


def test_dataset_filter(ctx, capfd):
    # create a RecordBatch and register it as a pyarrow.dataset.Dataset
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )
    dataset = ds.dataset([batch])
    ctx.register_dataset("t", dataset)

    assert ctx.catalog().schema().names() == {"t"}
    df = ctx.sql("SELECT a+b, a-b FROM t WHERE a BETWEEN 2 and 3 AND b > 5")

    # Make sure the filter was pushed down in Physical Plan
    df.explain()
    captured = capfd.readouterr()
    assert "filter_expr=(((a >= 2) and (a <= 3)) and (b > 5))" in captured.out

    result = df.collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([9])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([-3])


def test_dataset_count(ctx):
    # `datafusion-python` issue: https://github.com/apache/datafusion-python/issues/800
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )
    dataset = ds.dataset([batch])
    ctx.register_dataset("t", dataset)

    # Testing the dataframe API
    df = ctx.table("t")
    assert df.count() == 3

    # Testing the SQL API
    count = ctx.sql("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t")
    count = count.collect()
    assert count[0].column(0) == pa.array([3])


def test_pyarrow_predicate_pushdown_is_null(ctx, capfd):
    """Ensure that pyarrow filter gets pushed down for `IsNull`"""
    # create a RecordBatch and register it as a pyarrow.dataset.Dataset
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6]), pa.array([7, None, 9])],
        names=["a", "b", "c"],
    )
    dataset = ds.dataset([batch])
    ctx.register_dataset("t", dataset)
    # Make sure the filter was pushed down in Physical Plan
    df = ctx.sql("SELECT a FROM t WHERE c is NULL")
    df.explain()
    captured = capfd.readouterr()
    assert "filter_expr=is_null(c, {nan_is_null=false})" in captured.out

    result = df.collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([2])


def test_pyarrow_predicate_pushdown_timestamp(ctx, tmpdir, capfd):
    """Ensure that pyarrow filter gets pushed down for timestamp"""
    # Ref: https://github.com/apache/datafusion-python/issues/703

    # create pyarrow dataset with no actual files
    col_type = pa.timestamp("ns", "+00:00")
    nyd_2000 = pa.scalar(dt.datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc), col_type)
    pa_dataset_fs = pa.fs.SubTreeFileSystem(str(tmpdir), pa.fs.LocalFileSystem())
    pa_dataset_format = pa.dataset.ParquetFileFormat()
    pa_dataset_partition = pa.dataset.field("a") <= nyd_2000
    fragments = [
        # NOTE: we never actually make this file.
        # Working predicate pushdown means it never gets accessed
        pa_dataset_format.make_fragment(
            "1.parquet",
            filesystem=pa_dataset_fs,
            partition_expression=pa_dataset_partition,
        )
    ]
    pa_dataset = pa.dataset.FileSystemDataset(
        fragments,
        pa.schema([pa.field("a", col_type)]),
        pa_dataset_format,
        pa_dataset_fs,
    )

    ctx.register_dataset("t", pa_dataset)

    # the partition for our only fragment is for a < 2000-01-01.
    # so querying for a > 2024-01-01 should not touch any files
    df = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM t WHERE a > '2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'")
    assert df.collect() == []


def test_dataset_filter_nested_data(ctx):
    # create Arrow StructArrays to test nested data types
    data = pa.StructArray.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [data],
        names=["nested_data"],
    )
    dataset = ds.dataset([batch])
    ctx.register_dataset("t", dataset)

    assert ctx.catalog().schema().names() == {"t"}

    df = ctx.table("t")

    # This filter will not be pushed down to DatasetExec since it
    # isn't supported
    df = df.filter(column("nested_data")["b"] > literal(5)).select(
        column("nested_data")["a"] + column("nested_data")["b"],
        column("nested_data")["a"] - column("nested_data")["b"],
    )

    result = df.collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([9])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([-3])


def test_table_exist(ctx):
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )
    dataset = ds.dataset([batch])
    ctx.register_dataset("t", dataset)

    assert ctx.table_exist("t") is True


def test_table_not_found(ctx):
    from uuid import uuid4

    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
        ctx.table(f"not-found-{uuid4()}")


def test_session_start_time(ctx):
    import datetime
    import re

    st = ctx.session_start_time()
    assert isinstance(st, str)
    # Truncate nanoseconds to microseconds for Python 3.10 compat
    st = re.sub(r"(\.\d{6})\d+", r"\1", st)
    dt = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(st)
    assert dt.isoformat()


def test_enable_ident_normalization(ctx):
    assert ctx.enable_ident_normalization() is True
    ctx.sql("SET datafusion.sql_parser.enable_ident_normalization = false")
    assert ctx.enable_ident_normalization() is False


def test_parse_sql_expr(ctx):
    from datafusion.common import DFSchema

    schema = DFSchema.empty()
    expr = ctx.parse_sql_expr("1 + 2", schema)
    assert str(expr) == "Expr(Int64(1) + Int64(2))"


def test_execute_logical_plan(ctx):
    df = ctx.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3]})
    plan = df.logical_plan()
    df2 = ctx.execute_logical_plan(plan)
    result = df2.collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])


def test_refresh_catalogs(ctx):
    ctx.refresh_catalogs()


def test_remove_optimizer_rule(ctx):
    assert ctx.remove_optimizer_rule("push_down_filter") is True
    assert ctx.remove_optimizer_rule("nonexistent_rule") is False


def test_table_provider(ctx):
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"x": [10, 20, 30]})
    ctx.register_record_batches("provider_test", [[batch]])
    tbl = ctx.table_provider("provider_test")
    assert tbl.schema == pa.schema([("x", pa.int64())])


def test_table_provider_not_found(ctx):
    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
        ctx.table_provider("nonexistent_table")


def test_read_json(ctx):
    path = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve()

    # Default
    test_data_path = path / "data_test_context" / "data.json"
    df = ctx.read_json(test_data_path)
    result = df.collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array(["a", "b", "c"])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])

    # Schema
    schema = pa.schema(
        [
            pa.field("A", pa.string(), nullable=True),
        ]
    )
    df = ctx.read_json(test_data_path, schema=schema)
    result = df.collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array(["a", "b", "c"])
    assert result[0].schema == schema

    # File extension
    test_data_path = path / "data_test_context" / "data.json"
    df = ctx.read_json(test_data_path, file_extension=".json")
    result = df.collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array(["a", "b", "c"])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])


def test_read_json_compressed(ctx, tmp_path):
    path = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
    test_data_path = path / "data_test_context" / "data.json"

    # File compression type
    gzip_path = tmp_path / "data.json.gz"

    with (
        pathlib.Path.open(test_data_path, "rb") as csv_file,
        gzip.open(gzip_path, "wb") as gzipped_file,
    ):
        gzipped_file.writelines(csv_file)

    df = ctx.read_json(gzip_path, file_extension=".gz", file_compression_type="gz")
    result = df.collect()

    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array(["a", "b", "c"])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])


def test_read_csv(ctx):
    csv_df = ctx.read_csv(path="testing/data/csv/aggregate_test_100.csv")
    csv_df.select(column("c1")).show()


def test_read_csv_list(ctx, tmp_path):
    source_path = pathlib.Path("testing/data/csv/aggregate_test_100.csv")
    copied_path = tmp_path / source_path.name
    shutil.copy(source_path, copied_path)

    csv_df = ctx.read_csv(path=[source_path])
    expected = csv_df.count() * 2

    double_csv_df = ctx.read_csv(path=[source_path, copied_path])
    actual = double_csv_df.count()

    double_csv_df.select(column("c1")).show()
    assert actual == expected


def test_read_csv_compressed(ctx, tmp_path):
    test_data_path = pathlib.Path("testing/data/csv/aggregate_test_100.csv")

    expected = ctx.read_csv(test_data_path).collect()

    # File compression type
    gzip_path = tmp_path / "aggregate_test_100.csv.gz"

    with (
        pathlib.Path.open(test_data_path, "rb") as csv_file,
        gzip.open(gzip_path, "wb") as gzipped_file,
    ):
        gzipped_file.writelines(csv_file)

    csv_df = ctx.read_csv(gzip_path, file_extension=".gz", file_compression_type="gz")
    assert csv_df.collect() == expected

    csv_df = ctx.read_csv(
        gzip_path,
        options=CsvReadOptions(file_extension=".gz", file_compression_type="gz"),
    )
    assert csv_df.collect() == expected


def test_read_parquet(ctx):
    parquet_df = ctx.read_parquet(path="parquet/data/alltypes_plain.parquet")
    parquet_df.show()
    assert parquet_df is not None

    path = pathlib.Path.cwd() / "parquet/data/alltypes_plain.parquet"
    parquet_df = ctx.read_parquet(path=path)
    assert parquet_df is not None


def test_read_avro(ctx):
    avro_df = ctx.read_avro(path="testing/data/avro/alltypes_plain.avro")
    avro_df.show()
    assert avro_df is not None

    path = pathlib.Path.cwd() / "testing/data/avro/alltypes_plain.avro"
    avro_df = ctx.read_avro(path=path)
    assert avro_df is not None


def test_read_arrow(ctx, tmp_path):
    # Write an Arrow IPC file, then read it back
    table = pa.table({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": ["x", "y", "z"]})
    arrow_path = tmp_path / "test.arrow"
    with pa.ipc.new_file(str(arrow_path), table.schema) as writer:
        writer.write_table(table)

    df = ctx.read_arrow(str(arrow_path))
    result = df.collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array(["x", "y", "z"])

    # Also verify pathlib.Path works
    df = ctx.read_arrow(arrow_path)
    result = df.collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])


def test_read_empty(ctx):
    df = ctx.read_empty()
    result = df.collect()
    assert len(result) == 1
    assert result[0].num_columns == 0

    df = ctx.empty_table()
    result = df.collect()
    assert len(result) == 1
    assert result[0].num_columns == 0


def test_register_arrow(ctx, tmp_path):
    # Write an Arrow IPC file, then register and query it
    table = pa.table({"x": [10, 20, 30]})
    arrow_path = tmp_path / "test.arrow"
    with pa.ipc.new_file(str(arrow_path), table.schema) as writer:
        writer.write_table(table)

    ctx.register_arrow("arrow_tbl", str(arrow_path))
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM arrow_tbl").collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([10, 20, 30])

    # Also verify pathlib.Path works
    ctx.register_arrow("arrow_tbl_path", arrow_path)
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM arrow_tbl_path").collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([10, 20, 30])


def test_register_batch(ctx):
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
    ctx.register_batch("batch_tbl", batch)
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM batch_tbl").collect()
    assert result[0].column(0) == pa.array([1, 2, 3])
    assert result[0].column(1) == pa.array([4, 5, 6])


def test_register_batch_empty(ctx):
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"a": pa.array([], type=pa.int64())})
    ctx.register_batch("empty_batch_tbl", batch)
    result = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM empty_batch_tbl").collect()
    assert result[0].num_rows == 0


def test_read_batch_returns_dataframe(ctx):
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]})
    df = ctx.read_batch(batch)
    assert df.to_pydict() == {"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [4, 5, 6]}
    # read_batch should not register a named table.
    assert ctx.catalog().schema().names() == set()


def test_read_batches_concatenates(ctx):
    b1 = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
    b2 = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"a": [3, 4]})
    df = ctx.read_batches([b1, b2])
    assert df.to_pydict() == {"a": [1, 2, 3, 4]}


def test_read_batches_accepts_iterable(ctx):
    b1 = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"a": [1, 2]})
    b2 = pa.RecordBatch.from_pydict({"a": [3, 4]})
    # Generator: ensures non-list iterables are materialized before FFI.
    df = ctx.read_batches(b for b in (b1, b2))
    assert df.to_pydict() == {"a": [1, 2, 3, 4]}
    # Tuple: same.
    df = ctx.read_batches((b1, b2))
    assert df.to_pydict() == {"a": [1, 2, 3, 4]}


def test_create_sql_options():
    SQLOptions()


def test_sql_with_options_no_ddl(ctx):
    sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS valuetable AS VALUES(1,'HELLO'),(12,'DATAFUSION')"
    ctx.sql(sql)
    options = SQLOptions().with_allow_ddl(allow=False)
    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="DDL"):
        ctx.sql_with_options(sql, options=options)


def test_sql_with_options_no_dml(ctx):
    table_name = "t"
    batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([1, 2, 3]), pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a", "b"],
    )
    dataset = ds.dataset([batch])
    ctx.register_dataset(table_name, dataset)
    sql = f'INSERT INTO "{table_name}" VALUES (1, 2), (2, 3);'
    ctx.sql(sql)
    options = SQLOptions().with_allow_dml(allow=False)
    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="DML"):
        ctx.sql_with_options(sql, options=options)


def test_sql_with_options_no_statements(ctx):
    sql = "SET time zone = 1;"
    ctx.sql(sql)
    options = SQLOptions().with_allow_statements(allow=False)
    with pytest.raises(Exception, match="SetVariable"):
        ctx.sql_with_options(sql, options=options)


@pytest.fixture
def batch():
    return pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [pa.array([4, 5, 6])],
        names=["a"],
    )


def test_create_dataframe_with_global_ctx(batch):
    ctx = SessionContext.global_ctx()

    df = ctx.create_dataframe([[batch]])

    result = df.collect()[0].column(0)

    assert result == pa.array([4, 5, 6])


def test_csv_read_options_builder_pattern():
    """Test CsvReadOptions builder pattern."""
    from datafusion import CsvReadOptions

    options = (
        CsvReadOptions()
        .with_has_header(False)
        .with_delimiter("|")
        .with_quote("'")
        .with_schema_infer_max_records(2000)
        .with_truncated_rows(True)
        .with_newlines_in_values(True)
        .with_file_extension(".tsv")
    )
    assert options.has_header is False
    assert options.delimiter == "|"
    assert options.quote == "'"
    assert options.schema_infer_max_records == 2000
    assert options.truncated_rows is True
    assert options.newlines_in_values is True
    assert options.file_extension == ".tsv"


def read_csv_with_options_inner(
    tmp_path: pathlib.Path,
    csv_content: str,
    options: CsvReadOptions,
    expected: pa.RecordBatch,
    as_read: bool,
    global_ctx: bool,
) -> None:
    from datafusion import SessionContext

    # Create a test CSV file
    group_dir = tmp_path / "group=a"
    group_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)

    csv_path = group_dir / "test.csv"
    csv_path.write_text(csv_content, newline="\n")

    ctx = SessionContext()

    if as_read:
        if global_ctx:
            from datafusion.io import read_csv

            df = read_csv(str(tmp_path), options=options)
        else:
            df = ctx.read_csv(str(tmp_path), options=options)
    else:
        ctx.register_csv("test_table", str(tmp_path), options=options)
        df = ctx.sql("SELECT * FROM test_table")
    df.show()

    # Verify the data
    result = df.collect()
    assert len(result) == 1
    assert result[0] == expected


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    ("as_read", "global_ctx"),
    [
        (True, True),
        (True, False),
        (False, False),
    ],
)
def test_read_csv_with_options(tmp_path, as_read, global_ctx):
    """Test reading CSV with CsvReadOptions."""

    csv_content = "Alice;30;|New York; NY|\nBob;25\n#Charlie;35;Paris\nPhil;75;Detroit' MI\nKarin;50;|Stockholm\nSweden|"  # noqa: E501

    # Some of the read options are difficult to test in combination
    # such as schema and schema_infer_max_records so run multiple tests
    # file_sort_order doesn't impact reading, but included here to ensure
    # all options parse correctly
    options = CsvReadOptions(
        has_header=False,
        delimiter=";",
        quote="|",
        terminator="\n",
        escape="\\",
        comment="#",
        newlines_in_values=True,
        schema_infer_max_records=1,
        null_regex="[pP]+aris",
        truncated_rows=True,
        file_sort_order=[[column("column_1").sort(), column("column_2")], ["column_3"]],
    )

    expected = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [
            pa.array(["Alice", "Bob", "Phil", "Karin"]),
            pa.array([30, 25, 75, 50]),
            pa.array(["New York; NY", None, "Detroit' MI", "Stockholm\nSweden"]),
        ],
        names=["column_1", "column_2", "column_3"],
    )

    read_csv_with_options_inner(
        tmp_path, csv_content, options, expected, as_read, global_ctx
    )

    schema = pa.schema(
        [
            pa.field("name", pa.string(), nullable=False),
            pa.field("age", pa.float32(), nullable=False),
            pa.field("location", pa.string(), nullable=True),
        ]
    )
    options.with_schema(schema)

    expected = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [
            pa.array(["Alice", "Bob", "Phil", "Karin"]),
            pa.array([30.0, 25.0, 75.0, 50.0]),
            pa.array(["New York; NY", None, "Detroit' MI", "Stockholm\nSweden"]),
        ],
        schema=schema,
    )

    read_csv_with_options_inner(
        tmp_path, csv_content, options, expected, as_read, global_ctx
    )

    csv_content = "name,age\nAlice,30\nBob,25\nCharlie,35\nDiego,40\nEmily,15"

    expected = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays(
        [
            pa.array(["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "Diego", "Emily"]),
            pa.array([30, 25, 35, 40, 15]),
            pa.array(["a", "a", "a", "a", "a"]),
        ],
        schema=pa.schema(
            [
                pa.field("name", pa.string(), nullable=True),
                pa.field("age", pa.int64(), nullable=True),
                pa.field("group", pa.string(), nullable=False),
            ]
        ),
    )
    options = CsvReadOptions(
        table_partition_cols=[("group", pa.string())],
    )

    read_csv_with_options_inner(
        tmp_path, csv_content, options, expected, as_read, global_ctx
    )