/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one   *
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file *
 * distributed with this work for additional information        *
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file   *
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the            *
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance   *
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at   *
 *                                                              *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                 *
 *                                                              *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,   *
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an  *
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY       *
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the    *
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations      *
 * under the License.                                           *
 */
package org.apache.rat.document.impl.guesser;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.rat.api.Document;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * TODO: factor into MIME guesser and MIME-&gt;binary guesser
 */
public class BinaryGuesser {

    private static final String DOT = ".";

    static final String FILE_ENCODING = "file.encoding";
    private static Charset CHARSET_FROM_FILE_ENCODING_OR_UTF8 = getFileEncodingOrUTF8AsFallback();

    private static boolean isBinaryDocument(Document document) {
        boolean result = false;
        InputStream stream = null;
        try {
            stream = document.inputStream();
            result = isBinary(stream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            result = false;
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(stream);
        }
        return result;
    }

    private static boolean isBinary(CharSequence taste) {
        int highBytes = 0;
        final int length = taste.length();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            char c = taste.charAt(i);
            if (c > BinaryGuesser.NON_ASCII_THRESHOLD
                    || c <= BinaryGuesser.ASCII_CHAR_THRESHOLD) {
                highBytes++;
            }
        }
        return highBytes * BinaryGuesser.HIGH_BYTES_RATIO
                > length * BinaryGuesser.TOTAL_READ_RATIO;
    }

    /**
     * @param in the file to check.
     * @return Do the first few bytes of the stream hint at a binary file?
     * <p>Any IOException is swallowed internally and the test returns
     * false.</p>
     * <p>This method may lead to false negatives if the reader throws
     * an exception because it can't read characters according to the
     * reader's encoding from the underlying stream.</p>
     */
    public static boolean isBinary(Reader in) {
        char[] taste = new char[100];
        try {
            int bytesRead = in.read(taste);
            if (bytesRead > 0) {
                return isBinary(new String(taste, 0, bytesRead));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // SWALLOW 
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * @param in the file to check.
     * @return Do the first few bytes of the stream hint at a binary file?
     * <p>Any IOException is swallowed internally and the test returns
     * false.</p>
     * <p>This method will try to read bytes from the stream and
     * translate them to characters according to the platform's
     * default encoding.  If any bytes can not be translated to
     * characters it will assume the original data must be binary and
     * return true.</p>
     */
    public static boolean isBinary(InputStream in) {
        try {
            byte[] taste = new byte[200];
            int bytesRead = in.read(taste);
            if (bytesRead > 0) {
                ByteBuffer bytes = ByteBuffer.wrap(taste, 0, bytesRead);
                CharBuffer chars = CharBuffer.allocate(2 * bytesRead);
                CharsetDecoder cd = CHARSET_FROM_FILE_ENCODING_OR_UTF8.newDecoder()
                        .onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction.REPORT)
                        .onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction.REPORT);
                while (bytes.remaining() > 0) {
                    CoderResult res = cd.decode(bytes, chars, true);
                    if (res.isMalformed() || res.isUnmappable()) {
                        return true;
                    } else if (res.isOverflow()) {
                        chars.limit(chars.position());
                        chars.rewind();
                        int c = chars.capacity() * 2;
                        CharBuffer on = CharBuffer.allocate(c);
                        on.put(chars);
                        chars = on;
                    }
                }
                chars.limit(chars.position());
                chars.rewind();
                return isBinary(chars);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // SWALLOW 
        }
        return false;
    }

    static Charset getFileEncodingOrUTF8AsFallback() {
        try {
            return Charset.forName(System.getProperty(FILE_ENCODING));
        } catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
            return Charset.forName("UTF-8");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param name current file name.
     * @return whether given name is binary.
     */
    public static final boolean isBinaryData(final String name) {
        return extensionMatches(name, DATA_EXTENSIONS);
    }

    /**
     * @param name current file name.
     * @return Is a file by that name a known non-binary file?
     */
    public static final boolean isNonBinary(final String name) {
        return name != null && extensionMatches(name.toUpperCase(Locale.US), BinaryGuesser.NON_BINARY_EXTENSIONS);
    }

    /**
     * @param name current file name.
     * @return Is a file by that name an executable/binary file?
     */
    public static final boolean isExecutable(final String name) {
        return name.equals(BinaryGuesser.JAVA) || extensionMatches(name, EXE_EXTENSIONS)
                || containsExtension(name, EXE_EXTENSIONS);
    }

    public static boolean containsExtension(final String name,
                                            final String[] exts) {
        for (String ext : exts) {
            if (name.contains(DOT + ext + DOT)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static boolean extensionMatches(final String name,
                                           final String[] exts) {
        for (String ext : exts) {
            if (name.endsWith(DOT + ext)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static boolean isBytecode(final String name) {
        return BinaryGuesser.extensionMatches(name, BYTECODE_EXTENSIONS);
    }

    public static final boolean isImage(final String name) {
        return BinaryGuesser.extensionMatches(name, IMAGE_EXTENSIONS);
    }

    public static final boolean isKeystore(final String name) {
        return BinaryGuesser.extensionMatches(name, KEYSTORE_EXTENSIONS);
    }

    public static final boolean isAudio(final String name) {
        return BinaryGuesser.extensionMatches( name, AUDIO_EXTENSIONS );
    }

    /**
     * @param name file name.
     * @return Is a file by that name a known binary file?
     */
    public static final boolean isBinary(final String name) {
        if (name == null) {
            return false;
        }
        String normalisedName = GuessUtils.normalise(name);
        return BinaryGuesser.JAR_MANIFEST.equalsIgnoreCase(name) || BinaryGuesser.isImage(normalisedName)
                || BinaryGuesser.isKeystore(normalisedName) || BinaryGuesser.isBytecode(normalisedName)
                || BinaryGuesser.isBinaryData(normalisedName) || BinaryGuesser.isExecutable(normalisedName)
                || BinaryGuesser.isAudio( normalisedName );
    }

    private static final String[] DATA_EXTENSIONS = {
            "DAT", "DOC",
            "NCB", "IDB",
            "SUO", "XCF",
            "RAJ", "CERT",
            "KS", "ODP", "SWF",
            // fonts
            "WOFF2", "WOFF", "TTF", "EOT"
    };

    private static final String[] EXE_EXTENSIONS = {
            "EXE", "DLL",
            "LIB", "SO",
            "A", "EXP",
    };

    private static final String[] KEYSTORE_EXTENSIONS = {
            "JKS", "KEYSTORE", "PEM", "CRL", "TRUSTSTORE"
    };

    private static final String[] IMAGE_EXTENSIONS = {
            "PNG", "PDF",
            "GIF", "GIFF",
            "TIF", "TIFF",
            "JPG", "JPEG",
            "ICO", "ICNS",
            "PSD",
    };

    private static final String[] BYTECODE_EXTENSIONS = {
            "CLASS", "PYD",
            "OBJ", "PYC",
    };

    private static final String[] AUDIO_EXTENSIONS = {
            "AIF", "IFF",
            "M3U", "M4A",
            "MID", "MP3",
            "MPA", "WAV",
            "WMA"
    };
    
    /**
     * Based on https://www.apache.org/dev/svn-eol-style.txt
     */
    private static final String[] NON_BINARY_EXTENSIONS = {
            "AART",
            "AC",
            "AM",
            "BAT",
            "C",
            "CAT",
            "CGI",
            "CLASSPATH",
            "CMD",
            "CONFIG",
            "CPP",
            "CSS",
            "CWIKI",
            "DATA",
            "DCL",
            "DTD",
            "EGRM",
            "ENT",
            "FT",
            "FN",
            "FV",
            "GRM",
            "G",
            "GO",
            "H",
            "HTACCESS",
            "HTML",
            "IHTML",
            "IN",
            "JAVA",
            "JMX",
            "JSP",
            "JS",
            "JSON",
            "JUNIT",
            "JX",
            "M4",            
            "MANIFEST",
            "MD",
            "MF",
            "META",
            "MOD",
            "N3",
            "PEN",
            "PL",
            "PM",
            "POD",
            "POM",
            "PROJECT",
            "PROPERTIES",
            "PY",
            "RB",
            "RDF",
            "RNC",
            "RNG",
            "RNX",
            "ROLES",
            "RSS",
            "SH",
            "SQL",
            "SVG",
            "TLD",
            "TXT",
            "TYPES",
            "VM",
            "VSL",
            "WSDD",
            "WSDL",
            "XARGS",
            "XCAT",
            "XCONF",
            "XEGRM",
            "XGRM",
            "XLEX",
            "XLOG",
            "XMAP",
            "XML",
            "XROLES",
            "XSAMPLES",
            "XSD",
            "XSL",
            "XSLT",
            "XSP",
            "XUL",
            "XWEB",
            "XWELCOME",
    };
    public static final String JAR_MANIFEST = "MANIFEST.MF";
    public static final String JAVA = "JAVA";
    public static final int HIGH_BYTES_RATIO = 100;
    public static final int TOTAL_READ_RATIO = 30;
    public static final int NON_ASCII_THRESHOLD = 256;
    public static final int ASCII_CHAR_THRESHOLD = 8;

    public static final boolean isBinary(final Document document) {
        // TODO: reimplement the binary test algorithm?
        // TODO: more efficient to move into standard analysis
        // TODO: then use binary as default
        return isBinary(document.getName())
                ||
                // try a taste
                isBinaryDocument(document);
    }

}