blob: 7f3ba3758bd886a801cba042bab0ec0440e5cb3a [file] [log] [blame]
%%
%% %CopyrightBegin%
%%
%% Copyright Ericsson AB 1996-2011-2012. All Rights Reserved.
%%
%% The contents of this file are subject to the Erlang Public License,
%% Version 1.1, (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
%% compliance with the License. You should have received a copy of the
%% Erlang Public License along with this software. If not, it can be
%% retrieved online at http://www.erlang.org/.
%%
%% Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
%% basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See
%% the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations
%% under the License.
%%
%% %CopyrightEnd%
%%
%% fork of io_lib_format that uses trunc_io to protect against large terms
%%
%% Renamed to couch_log_format to avoid naming collision with
%% lager_Format.
-module(couch_log_trunc_io_fmt).
-export([format/3, format/4]).
-record(options, {
chomp = false :: boolean()
}).
format(FmtStr, Args, MaxLen) ->
format(FmtStr, Args, MaxLen, []).
format([], [], _, _) ->
"";
format(FmtStr, Args, MaxLen, Opts) when is_atom(FmtStr) ->
format(atom_to_list(FmtStr), Args, MaxLen, Opts);
format(FmtStr, Args, MaxLen, Opts) when is_binary(FmtStr) ->
format(binary_to_list(FmtStr), Args, MaxLen, Opts);
format(FmtStr, Args, MaxLen, Opts) when is_list(FmtStr) ->
case couch_log_util:string_p(FmtStr) of
true ->
Options = make_options(Opts, #options{}),
Cs = collect(FmtStr, Args),
{Cs2, MaxLen2} = build(Cs, [], MaxLen, Options),
%% count how many terms remain
{Count, StrLen} = lists:foldl(
fun({_C, _As, _F, _Adj, _P, _Pad, _Enc}, {Terms, Chars}) ->
{Terms + 1, Chars};
(_, {Terms, Chars}) ->
{Terms, Chars + 1}
end, {0, 0}, Cs2),
build2(Cs2, Count, MaxLen2 - StrLen);
false ->
erlang:error(badarg)
end;
format(_FmtStr, _Args, _MaxLen, _Opts) ->
erlang:error(badarg).
collect([$~|Fmt0], Args0) ->
{C,Fmt1,Args1} = collect_cseq(Fmt0, Args0),
[C|collect(Fmt1, Args1)];
collect([C|Fmt], Args) ->
[C|collect(Fmt, Args)];
collect([], []) -> [].
collect_cseq(Fmt0, Args0) ->
{F,Ad,Fmt1,Args1} = field_width(Fmt0, Args0),
{P,Fmt2,Args2} = precision(Fmt1, Args1),
{Pad,Fmt3,Args3} = pad_char(Fmt2, Args2),
{Encoding,Fmt4,Args4} = encoding(Fmt3, Args3),
{C,As,Fmt5,Args5} = collect_cc(Fmt4, Args4),
{{C,As,F,Ad,P,Pad,Encoding},Fmt5,Args5}.
encoding([$t|Fmt],Args) ->
{unicode,Fmt,Args};
encoding(Fmt,Args) ->
{latin1,Fmt,Args}.
field_width([$-|Fmt0], Args0) ->
{F,Fmt,Args} = field_value(Fmt0, Args0),
field_width(-F, Fmt, Args);
field_width(Fmt0, Args0) ->
{F,Fmt,Args} = field_value(Fmt0, Args0),
field_width(F, Fmt, Args).
field_width(F, Fmt, Args) when F < 0 ->
{-F,left,Fmt,Args};
field_width(F, Fmt, Args) when F >= 0 ->
{F,right,Fmt,Args}.
precision([$.|Fmt], Args) ->
field_value(Fmt, Args);
precision(Fmt, Args) ->
{none,Fmt,Args}.
field_value([$*|Fmt], [A|Args]) when is_integer(A) ->
{A,Fmt,Args};
field_value([C|Fmt], Args) when is_integer(C), C >= $0, C =< $9 ->
field_value([C|Fmt], Args, 0);
field_value(Fmt, Args) ->
{none,Fmt,Args}.
field_value([C|Fmt], Args, F) when is_integer(C), C >= $0, C =< $9 ->
field_value(Fmt, Args, 10*F + (C - $0));
field_value(Fmt, Args, F) -> %Default case
{F,Fmt,Args}.
pad_char([$.,$*|Fmt], [Pad|Args]) -> {Pad,Fmt,Args};
pad_char([$.,Pad|Fmt], Args) -> {Pad,Fmt,Args};
pad_char(Fmt, Args) -> {$\s,Fmt,Args}.
%% collect_cc([FormatChar], [Argument]) ->
%% {Control,[ControlArg],[FormatChar],[Arg]}.
%% Here we collect the argments for each control character.
%% Be explicit to cause failure early.
collect_cc([$w|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$w,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$p|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$p,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$W|Fmt], [A,Depth|Args]) -> {$W,[A,Depth],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$P|Fmt], [A,Depth|Args]) -> {$P,[A,Depth],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$s|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$s,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$e|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$e,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$f|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$f,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$g|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$g,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$b|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$b,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$B|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$B,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$x|Fmt], [A,Prefix|Args]) -> {$x,[A,Prefix],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$X|Fmt], [A,Prefix|Args]) -> {$X,[A,Prefix],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$+|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$+,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$#|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$#,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$c|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$c,[A],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$~|Fmt], Args) when is_list(Args) -> {$~,[],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$n|Fmt], Args) when is_list(Args) -> {$n,[],Fmt,Args};
collect_cc([$i|Fmt], [A|Args]) -> {$i,[A],Fmt,Args}.
%% build([Control], Pc, Indentation) -> [Char].
%% Interpret the control structures. Count the number of print
%% remaining and only calculate indentation when necessary. Must also
%% be smart when calculating indentation for characters in format.
build([{$n, _, _, _, _, _, _}], Acc, MaxLen, #options{chomp=true}) ->
%% trailing ~n, ignore
{lists:reverse(Acc), MaxLen};
build([{C,As,F,Ad,P,Pad,Enc}|Cs], Acc, MaxLen, O) ->
{S, MaxLen2} = control(C, As, F, Ad, P, Pad, Enc, MaxLen),
build(Cs, [S|Acc], MaxLen2, O);
build([$\n], Acc, MaxLen, #options{chomp=true}) ->
%% trailing \n, ignore
{lists:reverse(Acc), MaxLen};
build([$\n|Cs], Acc, MaxLen, O) ->
build(Cs, [$\n|Acc], MaxLen - 1, O);
build([$\t|Cs], Acc, MaxLen, O) ->
build(Cs, [$\t|Acc], MaxLen - 1, O);
build([C|Cs], Acc, MaxLen, O) ->
build(Cs, [C|Acc], MaxLen - 1, O);
build([], Acc, MaxLen, _O) ->
{lists:reverse(Acc), MaxLen}.
build2([{C,As,F,Ad,P,Pad,Enc}|Cs], Count, MaxLen) ->
{S, Len} = control2(C, As, F, Ad, P, Pad, Enc, MaxLen div Count),
[S|build2(Cs, Count - 1, MaxLen - Len)];
build2([C|Cs], Count, MaxLen) ->
[C|build2(Cs, Count, MaxLen)];
build2([], _, _) -> [].
%% control(FormatChar, [Argument], FieldWidth, Adjust, Precision, PadChar,
%% Indentation) -> [Char]
%% This is the main dispatch function for the various formatting commands.
%% Field widths and precisions have already been calculated.
control($e, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_float(A) ->
Res = fwrite_e(A, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($f, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_float(A) ->
Res = fwrite_f(A, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($g, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_float(A) ->
Res = fwrite_g(A, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($b, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A) ->
Res = unprefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, true),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($B, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A) ->
Res = unprefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, false),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($x, [A,Prefix], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A),
is_atom(Prefix) ->
Res = prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, atom_to_list(Prefix), true),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($x, [A,Prefix], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A) ->
true = io_lib:deep_char_list(Prefix), %Check if Prefix a character list
Res = prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, Prefix, true),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($X, [A,Prefix], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A),
is_atom(Prefix) ->
Res = prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, atom_to_list(Prefix), false),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($X, [A,Prefix], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A) ->
true = io_lib:deep_char_list(Prefix), %Check if Prefix a character list
Res = prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, base(P), Pad, Prefix, false),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($+, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A) ->
Base = base(P),
Prefix = [integer_to_list(Base), $#],
Res = prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, Base, Pad, Prefix, true),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($#, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A) ->
Base = base(P),
Prefix = [integer_to_list(Base), $#],
Res = prefixed_integer(A, F, Adj, Base, Pad, Prefix, false),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($c, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, unicode, L) when is_integer(A) ->
Res = char(A, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($c, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(A) ->
Res = char(A band 255, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($~, [], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) ->
Res = char($~, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($n, [], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) ->
Res = newline(F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control($i, [_A], _F, _Adj, _P, _Pad, _Enc, L) ->
{[], L};
control($s, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_atom(A) ->
Res = string(atom_to_list(A), F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, L - lists:flatlength(Res)};
control(C, A, F, Adj, P, Pad, Enc, L) ->
%% save this for later - these are all the 'large' terms
{{C, A, F, Adj, P, Pad, Enc}, L}.
control2($w, [A], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) ->
Term = couch_log_trunc_io:fprint(A, L, [{lists_as_strings, false}]),
Res = term(Term, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, lists:flatlength(Res)};
control2($p, [A], _F, _Adj, _P, _Pad, _Enc, L) ->
Term = couch_log_trunc_io:fprint(A, L, [{lists_as_strings, true}]),
{Term, lists:flatlength(Term)};
control2($W, [A,Depth], F, Adj, P, Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(Depth) ->
Term = couch_log_trunc_io:fprint(A, L, [{depth, Depth}, {lists_as_strings, false}]),
Res = term(Term, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, lists:flatlength(Res)};
control2($P, [A,Depth], _F, _Adj, _P, _Pad, _Enc, L) when is_integer(Depth) ->
Term = couch_log_trunc_io:fprint(A, L, [{depth, Depth}, {lists_as_strings, true}]),
{Term, lists:flatlength(Term)};
control2($s, [L0], F, Adj, P, Pad, latin1, L) ->
List = couch_log_trunc_io:fprint(iolist_to_chars(L0), L, [{force_strings, true}]),
Res = string(List, F, Adj, P, Pad),
{Res, lists:flatlength(Res)};
control2($s, [L0], F, Adj, P, Pad, unicode, L) ->
List = couch_log_trunc_io:fprint(cdata_to_chars(L0), L, [{force_strings, true}]),
Res = uniconv(string(List, F, Adj, P, Pad)),
{Res, lists:flatlength(Res)}.
iolist_to_chars([C|Cs]) when is_integer(C), C >= $\000, C =< $\377 ->
[C | iolist_to_chars(Cs)];
iolist_to_chars([I|Cs]) ->
[iolist_to_chars(I) | iolist_to_chars(Cs)];
iolist_to_chars([]) ->
[];
iolist_to_chars(B) when is_binary(B) ->
binary_to_list(B).
cdata_to_chars([C|Cs]) when is_integer(C), C >= $\000 ->
[C | cdata_to_chars(Cs)];
cdata_to_chars([I|Cs]) ->
[cdata_to_chars(I) | cdata_to_chars(Cs)];
cdata_to_chars([]) ->
[];
cdata_to_chars(B) when is_binary(B) ->
case catch unicode:characters_to_list(B) of
L when is_list(L) -> L;
_ -> binary_to_list(B)
end.
make_options([], Options) ->
Options;
make_options([{chomp, Bool}|T], Options) when is_boolean(Bool) ->
make_options(T, Options#options{chomp=Bool}).
-ifdef(UNICODE_AS_BINARIES).
uniconv(C) ->
unicode:characters_to_binary(C,unicode).
-else.
uniconv(C) ->
C.
-endif.
%% Default integer base
base(none) ->
10;
base(B) when is_integer(B) ->
B.
%% term(TermList, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
%% Output the characters in a term.
%% Adjust the characters within the field if length less than Max padding
%% with PadChar.
term(T, none, _Adj, none, _Pad) -> T;
term(T, none, Adj, P, Pad) -> term(T, P, Adj, P, Pad);
term(T, F, Adj, P0, Pad) ->
L = lists:flatlength(T),
P = case P0 of none -> erlang:min(L, F); _ -> P0 end,
if
L > P ->
adjust(chars($*, P), chars(Pad, F-P), Adj);
F >= P ->
adjust(T, chars(Pad, F-L), Adj)
end.
%% fwrite_e(Float, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
fwrite_e(Fl, none, Adj, none, Pad) -> %Default values
fwrite_e(Fl, none, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_e(Fl, none, _Adj, P, _Pad) when P >= 2 ->
float_e(Fl, float_data(Fl), P);
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, none, Pad) ->
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, P, Pad) when P >= 2 ->
term(float_e(Fl, float_data(Fl), P), F, Adj, F, Pad).
float_e(Fl, Fd, P) when Fl < 0.0 -> %Negative numbers
[$-|float_e(-Fl, Fd, P)];
float_e(_Fl, {Ds,E}, P) ->
case float_man(Ds, 1, P-1) of
{[$0|Fs],true} -> [[$1|Fs]|float_exp(E)];
{Fs,false} -> [Fs|float_exp(E-1)]
end.
%% float_man([Digit], Icount, Dcount) -> {[Chars],CarryFlag}.
%% Generate the characters in the mantissa from the digits with Icount
%% characters before the '.' and Dcount decimals. Handle carry and let
%% caller decide what to do at top.
float_man(Ds, 0, Dc) ->
{Cs,C} = float_man(Ds, Dc),
{[$.|Cs],C};
float_man([D|Ds], I, Dc) ->
case float_man(Ds, I-1, Dc) of
{Cs,true} when D =:= $9 -> {[$0|Cs],true};
{Cs,true} -> {[D+1|Cs],false};
{Cs,false} -> {[D|Cs],false}
end;
float_man([], I, Dc) -> %Pad with 0's
{string:chars($0, I, [$.|string:chars($0, Dc)]),false}.
float_man([D|_], 0) when D >= $5 -> {[],true};
float_man([_|_], 0) -> {[],false};
float_man([D|Ds], Dc) ->
case float_man(Ds, Dc-1) of
{Cs,true} when D =:= $9 -> {[$0|Cs],true};
{Cs,true} -> {[D+1|Cs],false};
{Cs,false} -> {[D|Cs],false}
end;
float_man([], Dc) -> {string:chars($0, Dc),false}. %Pad with 0's
%% float_exp(Exponent) -> [Char].
%% Generate the exponent of a floating point number. Always include sign.
float_exp(E) when E >= 0 ->
[$e,$+|integer_to_list(E)];
float_exp(E) ->
[$e|integer_to_list(E)].
%% fwrite_f(FloatData, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
fwrite_f(Fl, none, Adj, none, Pad) -> %Default values
fwrite_f(Fl, none, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_f(Fl, none, _Adj, P, _Pad) when P >= 1 ->
float_f(Fl, float_data(Fl), P);
fwrite_f(Fl, F, Adj, none, Pad) ->
fwrite_f(Fl, F, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_f(Fl, F, Adj, P, Pad) when P >= 1 ->
term(float_f(Fl, float_data(Fl), P), F, Adj, F, Pad).
float_f(Fl, Fd, P) when Fl < 0.0 ->
[$-|float_f(-Fl, Fd, P)];
float_f(Fl, {Ds,E}, P) when E =< 0 ->
float_f(Fl, {string:chars($0, -E+1, Ds),1}, P); %Prepend enough 0's
float_f(_Fl, {Ds,E}, P) ->
case float_man(Ds, E, P) of
{Fs,true} -> "1" ++ Fs; %Handle carry
{Fs,false} -> Fs
end.
%% float_data([FloatChar]) -> {[Digit],Exponent}
float_data(Fl) ->
float_data(float_to_list(Fl), []).
float_data([$e|E], Ds) ->
{lists:reverse(Ds),list_to_integer(E)+1};
float_data([D|Cs], Ds) when D >= $0, D =< $9 ->
float_data(Cs, [D|Ds]);
float_data([_|Cs], Ds) ->
float_data(Cs, Ds).
%% fwrite_g(Float, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
%% Use the f form if Float is >= 0.1 and < 1.0e4,
%% and the prints correctly in the f form, else the e form.
%% Precision always means the # of significant digits.
fwrite_g(Fl, F, Adj, none, Pad) ->
fwrite_g(Fl, F, Adj, 6, Pad);
fwrite_g(Fl, F, Adj, P, Pad) when P >= 1 ->
A = abs(Fl),
E = if A < 1.0e-1 -> -2;
A < 1.0e0 -> -1;
A < 1.0e1 -> 0;
A < 1.0e2 -> 1;
A < 1.0e3 -> 2;
A < 1.0e4 -> 3;
true -> fwrite_f
end,
if P =< 1, E =:= -1;
P-1 > E, E >= -1 ->
fwrite_f(Fl, F, Adj, P-1-E, Pad);
P =< 1 ->
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, 2, Pad);
true ->
fwrite_e(Fl, F, Adj, P, Pad)
end.
%% string(String, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar)
string(S, none, _Adj, none, _Pad) -> S;
string(S, F, Adj, none, Pad) ->
string_field(S, F, Adj, lists:flatlength(S), Pad);
string(S, none, _Adj, P, Pad) ->
string_field(S, P, left, lists:flatlength(S), Pad);
string(S, F, Adj, P, Pad) when F >= P ->
N = lists:flatlength(S),
if F > P ->
if N > P ->
adjust(flat_trunc(S, P), chars(Pad, F-P), Adj);
N < P ->
adjust([S|chars(Pad, P-N)], chars(Pad, F-P), Adj);
true -> % N == P
adjust(S, chars(Pad, F-P), Adj)
end;
true -> % F == P
string_field(S, F, Adj, N, Pad)
end.
string_field(S, F, _Adj, N, _Pad) when N > F ->
flat_trunc(S, F);
string_field(S, F, Adj, N, Pad) when N < F ->
adjust(S, chars(Pad, F-N), Adj);
string_field(S, _, _, _, _) -> % N == F
S.
%% unprefixed_integer(Int, Field, Adjust, Base, PadChar, Lowercase)
%% -> [Char].
unprefixed_integer(Int, F, Adj, Base, Pad, Lowercase)
when Base >= 2, Base =< 1+$Z-$A+10 ->
if Int < 0 ->
S = cond_lowercase(erlang:integer_to_list(-Int, Base), Lowercase),
term([$-|S], F, Adj, none, Pad);
true ->
S = cond_lowercase(erlang:integer_to_list(Int, Base), Lowercase),
term(S, F, Adj, none, Pad)
end.
%% prefixed_integer(Int, Field, Adjust, Base, PadChar, Prefix, Lowercase)
%% -> [Char].
prefixed_integer(Int, F, Adj, Base, Pad, Prefix, Lowercase)
when Base >= 2, Base =< 1+$Z-$A+10 ->
if Int < 0 ->
S = cond_lowercase(erlang:integer_to_list(-Int, Base), Lowercase),
term([$-,Prefix|S], F, Adj, none, Pad);
true ->
S = cond_lowercase(erlang:integer_to_list(Int, Base), Lowercase),
term([Prefix|S], F, Adj, none, Pad)
end.
%% char(Char, Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar) -> [Char].
char(C, none, _Adj, none, _Pad) -> [C];
char(C, F, _Adj, none, _Pad) -> chars(C, F);
char(C, none, _Adj, P, _Pad) -> chars(C, P);
char(C, F, Adj, P, Pad) when F >= P ->
adjust(chars(C, P), chars(Pad, F - P), Adj).
%% newline(Field, Adjust, Precision, PadChar) -> [Char].
newline(none, _Adj, _P, _Pad) -> "\n";
newline(F, right, _P, _Pad) -> chars($\n, F).
%%
%% Utilities
%%
adjust(Data, [], _) -> Data;
adjust(Data, Pad, left) -> [Data|Pad];
adjust(Data, Pad, right) -> [Pad|Data].
%% Flatten and truncate a deep list to at most N elements.
flat_trunc(List, N) when is_integer(N), N >= 0 ->
flat_trunc(List, N, []).
flat_trunc(L, 0, R) when is_list(L) ->
lists:reverse(R);
flat_trunc([H|T], N, R) ->
flat_trunc(T, N-1, [H|R]);
flat_trunc([], _, R) ->
lists:reverse(R).
%% A deep version of string:chars/2,3
chars(_C, 0) ->
[];
chars(C, 1) ->
[C];
chars(C, 2) ->
[C,C];
chars(C, 3) ->
[C,C,C];
chars(C, N) when is_integer(N), (N band 1) =:= 0 ->
S = chars(C, N bsr 1),
[S|S];
chars(C, N) when is_integer(N) ->
S = chars(C, N bsr 1),
[C,S|S].
%chars(C, N, Tail) ->
% [chars(C, N)|Tail].
%% Lowercase conversion
cond_lowercase(String, true) ->
lowercase(String);
cond_lowercase(String,false) ->
String.
lowercase([H|T]) when is_integer(H), H >= $A, H =< $Z ->
[(H-$A+$a)|lowercase(T)];
lowercase([H|T]) ->
[H|lowercase(T)];
lowercase([]) ->
[].