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  "readme": "# ipaddr.js — an IPv6 and IPv4 address manipulation library [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/whitequark/ipaddr.js.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/whitequark/ipaddr.js)\n\nipaddr.js is a small (1.9K minified and gzipped) library for manipulating\nIP addresses in JavaScript environments. It runs on both CommonJS runtimes\n(e.g. [nodejs]) and in a web browser.\n\nipaddr.js allows you to verify and parse string representation of an IP\naddress, match it against a CIDR range or range list, determine if it falls\ninto some reserved ranges (examples include loopback and private ranges),\nand convert between IPv4 and IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses.\n\n[nodejs]: http://nodejs.org\n\n## Installation\n\n`npm install ipaddr.js`\n\nor\n\n`bower install ipaddr.js`\n\n## API\n\nipaddr.js defines one object in the global scope: `ipaddr`. In CommonJS,\nit is exported from the module:\n\n```js\nvar ipaddr = require('ipaddr.js');\n```\n\nThe API consists of several global methods and two classes: ipaddr.IPv6 and ipaddr.IPv4.\n\n### Global methods\n\nThere are three global methods defined: `ipaddr.isValid`, `ipaddr.parse` and\n`ipaddr.process`. All of them receive a string as a single parameter.\n\nThe `ipaddr.isValid` method returns `true` if the address is a valid IPv4 or\nIPv6 address, and `false` otherwise. It does not throw any exceptions.\n\nThe `ipaddr.parse` method returns an object representing the IP address,\nor throws an `Error` if the passed string is not a valid representation of an\nIP address.\n\nThe `ipaddr.process` method works just like the `ipaddr.parse` one, but it\nautomatically converts IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses to their IPv4 counterparts\nbefore returning. It is useful when you have a Node.js instance listening\non an IPv6 socket, and the `net.ivp6.bindv6only` sysctl parameter (or its\nequivalent on non-Linux OS) is set to 0. In this case, you can accept IPv4\nconnections on your IPv6-only socket, but the remote address will be mangled.\nUse `ipaddr.process` method to automatically demangle it.\n\n### Object representation\n\nParsing methods return an object which descends from `ipaddr.IPv6` or\n`ipaddr.IPv4`. These objects share some properties, but most of them differ.\n\n#### Shared properties\n\nOne can determine the type of address by calling `addr.kind()`. It will return\neither `\"ipv6\"` or `\"ipv4\"`.\n\nAn address can be converted back to its string representation with `addr.toString()`.\nNote that this method:\n * does not return the original string used to create the object (in fact, there is\n   no way of getting that string)\n * returns a compact representation (when it is applicable)\n\nA `match(range, bits)` method can be used to check if the address falls into a\ncertain CIDR range.\nNote that an address can be (obviously) matched only against an address of the same type.\n\nFor example:\n\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.parse(\"2001:db8:1234::1\");\nvar range = ipaddr.parse(\"2001:db8::\");\n\naddr.match(range, 32); // => true\n```\n\nAlternatively, `match` can also be called as `match([range, bits])`. In this way,\nit can be used together with the `parseCIDR(string)` method, which parses an IP\naddress together with a CIDR range.\n\nFor example:\n\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.parse(\"2001:db8:1234::1\");\n\naddr.match(ipaddr.parseCIDR(\"2001:db8::/32\")); // => true\n```\n\nA `range()` method returns one of predefined names for several special ranges defined\nby IP protocols. The exact names (and their respective CIDR ranges) can be looked up\nin the source: [IPv6 ranges] and [IPv4 ranges]. Some common ones include `\"unicast\"`\n(the default one) and `\"reserved\"`.\n\nYou can match against your own range list by using\n`ipaddr.subnetMatch(address, rangeList, defaultName)` method. It can work with a mix of IPv6 or IPv4 addresses, and accepts a name-to-subnet map as the range list. For example:\n\n```js\nvar rangeList = {\n  documentationOnly: [ ipaddr.parse('2001:db8::'), 32 ],\n  tunnelProviders: [\n    [ ipaddr.parse('2001:470::'), 32 ], // he.net\n    [ ipaddr.parse('2001:5c0::'), 32 ]  // freenet6\n  ]\n};\nipaddr.subnetMatch(ipaddr.parse('2001:470:8:66::1'), rangeList, 'unknown'); // => \"tunnelProviders\"\n```\n\nThe addresses can be converted to their byte representation with `toByteArray()`.\n(Actually, JavaScript mostly does not know about byte buffers. They are emulated with\narrays of numbers, each in range of 0..255.)\n\n```js\nvar bytes = ipaddr.parse('2a00:1450:8007::68').toByteArray(); // ipv6.google.com\nbytes // => [42, 0x00, 0x14, 0x50, 0x80, 0x07, 0x00, <zeroes...>, 0x00, 0x68 ]\n```\n\nThe `ipaddr.IPv4` and `ipaddr.IPv6` objects have some methods defined, too. All of them\nhave the same interface for both protocols, and are similar to global methods.\n\n`ipaddr.IPvX.isValid(string)` can be used to check if the string is a valid address\nfor particular protocol, and `ipaddr.IPvX.parse(string)` is the error-throwing parser.\n\n`ipaddr.IPvX.isValid(string)` uses the same format for parsing as the POSIX `inet_ntoa` function, which accepts unusual formats like `0xc0.168.1.1` or `0x10000000`. The function `ipaddr.IPv4.isValidFourPartDecimal(string)` validates the IPv4 address and also ensures that it is written in four-part decimal format.\n\n[IPv6 ranges]: https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/master/src/ipaddr.coffee#L186\n[IPv4 ranges]: https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/master/src/ipaddr.coffee#L71\n\n#### IPv6 properties\n\nSometimes you will want to convert IPv6 not to a compact string representation (with\nthe `::` substitution); the `toNormalizedString()` method will return an address where\nall zeroes are explicit.\n\nFor example:\n\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.parse(\"2001:0db8::0001\");\naddr.toString(); // => \"2001:db8::1\"\naddr.toNormalizedString(); // => \"2001:db8:0:0:0:0:0:1\"\n```\n\nThe `isIPv4MappedAddress()` method will return `true` if this address is an IPv4-mapped\none, and `toIPv4Address()` will return an IPv4 object address.\n\nTo access the underlying binary representation of the address, use `addr.parts`.\n\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.parse(\"2001:db8:10::1234:DEAD\");\naddr.parts // => [0x2001, 0xdb8, 0x10, 0, 0, 0, 0x1234, 0xdead]\n```\n\nA IPv6 zone index can be accessed via `addr.zoneId`:\n\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.parse(\"2001:db8::%eth0\");\naddr.zoneId // => 'eth0'\n```\n\n#### IPv4 properties\n\n`toIPv4MappedAddress()` will return a corresponding IPv4-mapped IPv6 address.\n\nTo access the underlying representation of the address, use `addr.octets`.\n\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.parse(\"192.168.1.1\");\naddr.octets // => [192, 168, 1, 1]\n```\n\n`prefixLengthFromSubnetMask()` will return a CIDR prefix length for a valid IPv4 netmask or\nfalse if the netmask is not valid.\n\n```js\nipaddr.IPv4.parse('255.255.255.240').prefixLengthFromSubnetMask() == 28\nipaddr.IPv4.parse('255.192.164.0').prefixLengthFromSubnetMask()  == null\n```\n\n`subnetMaskFromPrefixLength()` will return an IPv4 netmask for a valid CIDR prefix length.\n\n```js\nipaddr.IPv4.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(24) == \"255.255.255.0\"\nipaddr.IPv4.subnetMaskFromPrefixLength(29) == \"255.255.255.248\"\n```\n\n`broadcastAddressFromCIDR()` will return the broadcast address for a given IPv4 interface and netmask in CIDR notation.\n```js\nipaddr.IPv4.broadcastAddressFromCIDR(\"172.0.0.1/24\") == \"172.0.0.255\"\n```\n`networkAddressFromCIDR()` will return the network address for a given IPv4 interface and netmask in CIDR notation.\n```js\nipaddr.IPv4.networkAddressFromCIDR(\"172.0.0.1/24\") == \"172.0.0.0\"\n```\n\n#### Conversion\n\nIPv4 and IPv6 can be converted bidirectionally to and from network byte order (MSB) byte arrays.\n\nThe `fromByteArray()` method will take an array and create an appropriate IPv4 or IPv6 object\nif the input satisfies the requirements. For IPv4 it has to be an array of four 8-bit values,\nwhile for IPv6 it has to be an array of sixteen 8-bit values.\n\nFor example:\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.fromByteArray([0x7f, 0, 0, 1]);\naddr.toString(); // => \"127.0.0.1\"\n```\n\nor\n\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.fromByteArray([0x20, 1, 0xd, 0xb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1])\naddr.toString(); // => \"2001:db8::1\"\n```\n\nBoth objects also offer a `toByteArray()` method, which returns an array in network byte order (MSB).\n\nFor example:\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.parse(\"127.0.0.1\");\naddr.toByteArray(); // => [0x7f, 0, 0, 1]\n```\n\nor\n\n```js\nvar addr = ipaddr.parse(\"2001:db8::1\");\naddr.toByteArray(); // => [0x20, 1, 0xd, 0xb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]\n```\n",
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