/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.io.input;

import static org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils.EOF;

import java.io.FilterInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

/**
 * A proxy stream which acts as a {@link FilterInputStream}, by passing all method calls on to the proxied stream, not changing which methods are called.
 * <p>
 * It is an alternative base class to {@link FilterInputStream} to increase reusability, because {@link FilterInputStream} changes the methods being called,
 * such as read(byte[]) to read(byte[], int, int).
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * In addition, this class allows you to:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>notify a subclass that <em>n</em> bytes are about to be read through {@link #beforeRead(int)}</li>
 * <li>notify a subclass that <em>n</em> bytes were read through {@link #afterRead(int)}</li>
 * <li>notify a subclass that an exception was caught through {@link #handleIOException(IOException)}</li>
 * <li>{@link #unwrap()} itself</li>
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * This class does not add any state (no additional instance variables).
 * </p>
 */
public abstract class ProxyInputStream extends FilterInputStream {

    /**
     * Constructs a new ProxyInputStream.
     *
     * @param proxy  the InputStream to delegate to
     */
    public ProxyInputStream(final InputStream proxy) {
        super(proxy);
        // the proxy is stored in a protected superclass variable named 'in'
    }

    /**
     * Invoked by the {@code read} methods after the proxied call has returned
     * successfully. The number of bytes returned to the caller (or -1 if
     * the end of stream was reached) is given as an argument.
     * <p>
     * Subclasses can override this method to add common post-processing
     * functionality without having to override all the read methods.
     * The default implementation does nothing.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Note this method is <em>not</em> called from {@link #skip(long)} or
     * {@link #reset()}. You need to explicitly override those methods if
     * you want to add post-processing steps also to them.
     * </p>
     *
     * @since 2.0
     * @param n number of bytes read, or -1 if the end of stream was reached.
     * @throws IOException if the post-processing fails in a subclass.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unused") // Possibly thrown from subclasses.
    protected void afterRead(final int n) throws IOException {
        // no-op default
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code available()} method.
     *
     * @return the number of available bytes
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public int available() throws IOException {
        try {
            return super.available();
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            handleIOException(e);
            return 0;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invoked by the {@code read} methods before the call is proxied. The number
     * of bytes that the caller wanted to read (1 for the {@link #read()}
     * method, buffer length for {@link #read(byte[])}, etc.) is given as
     * an argument.
     * <p>
     * Subclasses can override this method to add common pre-processing
     * functionality without having to override all the read methods.
     * The default implementation does nothing.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Note this method is <em>not</em> called from {@link #skip(long)} or
     * {@link #reset()}. You need to explicitly override those methods if
     * you want to add pre-processing steps also to them.
     * </p>
     *
     * @since 2.0
     * @param n number of bytes that the caller asked to be read.
     * @throws IOException if the pre-processing fails in a subclass.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unused") // Possibly thrown from subclasses.
    protected void beforeRead(final int n) throws IOException {
        // no-op default
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code close()} method.
     *
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException {
        IOUtils.close(in, this::handleIOException);
    }

    /**
     * Handles any IOExceptions thrown; by default, throws the given exception.
     * <p>
     * This method provides a point to implement custom exception
     * handling. The default behavior is to re-throw the exception.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param e The IOException thrown
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    protected void handleIOException(final IOException e) throws IOException {
        throw e;
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code mark(int)} method.
     *
     * @param readLimit read ahead limit
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized void mark(final int readLimit) {
        in.mark(readLimit);
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code markSupported()} method.
     *
     * @return true if mark is supported, otherwise false
     */
    @Override
    public boolean markSupported() {
        return in.markSupported();
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code read()} method.
     *
     * @return the byte read or -1 if the end of stream
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public int read() throws IOException {
        try {
            beforeRead(1);
            final int b = in.read();
            afterRead(b != EOF ? 1 : EOF);
            return b;
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            handleIOException(e);
            return EOF;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code read(byte[])} method.
     *
     * @param b the buffer to read the bytes into
     * @return the number of bytes read or EOF if the end of stream
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public int read(final byte[] b) throws IOException {
        try {
            beforeRead(IOUtils.length(b));
            final int n = in.read(b);
            afterRead(n);
            return n;
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            handleIOException(e);
            return EOF;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code read(byte[], int, int)} method.
     *
     * @param b the buffer to read the bytes into
     * @param off The start offset
     * @param len The number of bytes to read
     * @return the number of bytes read or -1 if the end of stream
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public int read(final byte[] b, final int off, final int len) throws IOException {
        try {
            beforeRead(len);
            final int n = in.read(b, off, len);
            afterRead(n);
            return n;
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            handleIOException(e);
            return EOF;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code reset()} method.
     *
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
        try {
            in.reset();
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            handleIOException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Invokes the delegate's {@code skip(long)} method.
     *
     * @param n the number of bytes to skip
     * @return the actual number of bytes skipped
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs.
     */
    @Override
    public long skip(final long n) throws IOException {
        try {
            return in.skip(n);
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            handleIOException(e);
            return 0;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unwraps this instance by returning the underlying InputStream.
     * <p>
     * Use with caution; useful to query the underlying InputStream.
     * </p>
     * @return the underlying InputStream.
     * @since 2.16.0
     */
    public InputStream unwrap() {
        return in;
    }
}