/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.csv;

import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.BACKSLASH;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.COMMA;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.COMMENT;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.EMPTY;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CR;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CRLF;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.DOUBLE_QUOTE_CHAR;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.LF;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.PIPE;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.SP;
import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.TAB;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Specifies the format of a CSV file and parses input.
 *
 * <h2>Using predefined formats</h2>
 *
 * <p>
 * You can use one of the predefined formats:
 * </p>
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link #DEFAULT}</li>
 * <li>{@link #EXCEL}</li>
 * <li>{@link #MYSQL}</li>
 * <li>{@link #RFC4180}</li>
 * <li>{@link #TDF}</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * For example:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * CSVParser parser = CSVFormat.EXCEL.parse(reader);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * The {@link CSVParser} provides static methods to parse other input types, for example:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(file, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <h2>Defining formats</h2>
 *
 * <p>
 * You can extend a format by calling the {@code with} methods. For example:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * CSVFormat.EXCEL.withNullString(&quot;N/A&quot;).withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <h2>Defining column names</h2>
 *
 * <p>
 * To define the column names you want to use to access records, write:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader(&quot;Col1&quot;, &quot;Col2&quot;, &quot;Col3&quot;);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * Calling {@link #withHeader(String...)} let's you use the given names to address values in a {@link CSVRecord}, and
 * assumes that your CSV source does not contain a first record that also defines column names.
 *
 * If it does, then you are overriding this metadata with your names and you should skip the first record by calling
 * {@link #withSkipHeaderRecord(boolean)} with {@code true}.
 * </p>
 *
 * <h2>Parsing</h2>
 *
 * <p>
 * You can use a format directly to parse a reader. For example, to parse an Excel file with columns header, write:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * Reader in = ...;
 * CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader(&quot;Col1&quot;, &quot;Col2&quot;, &quot;Col3&quot;).parse(in);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * For other input types, like resources, files, and URLs, use the static methods on {@link CSVParser}.
 * </p>
 *
 * <h2>Referencing columns safely</h2>
 *
 * <p>
 * If your source contains a header record, you can simplify your code and safely reference columns, by using
 * {@link #withHeader(String...)} with no arguments:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader();
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * This causes the parser to read the first record and use its values as column names.
 *
 * Then, call one of the {@link CSVRecord} get method that takes a String column name argument:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * String value = record.get(&quot;Col1&quot;);
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p>
 * This makes your code impervious to changes in column order in the CSV file.
 * </p>
 *
 * <h2>Notes</h2>
 *
 * <p>
 * This class is immutable.
 * </p>
 */
public final class CSVFormat implements Serializable {

    /**
     * Predefines formats.
     *
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public enum Predefined {

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#DEFAULT
         */
        Default(CSVFormat.DEFAULT),

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#EXCEL
         */
        Excel(CSVFormat.EXCEL),

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#INFORMIX_UNLOAD
         * @since 1.3
         */
        InformixUnload(CSVFormat.INFORMIX_UNLOAD),

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#INFORMIX_UNLOAD_CSV
         * @since 1.3
         */
        InformixUnloadCsv(CSVFormat.INFORMIX_UNLOAD_CSV),

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#MYSQL
         */
        MySQL(CSVFormat.MYSQL),

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#POSTGRESQL_CSV
         * @since 1.5
         */
        PostgreSQLCsv(CSVFormat.POSTGRESQL_CSV),

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#POSTGRESQL_CSV
         */
        PostgreSQLText(CSVFormat.POSTGRESQL_TEXT),

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#RFC4180
         */
        RFC4180(CSVFormat.RFC4180),

        /**
         * @see CSVFormat#TDF
         */
        TDF(CSVFormat.TDF);

        private final CSVFormat format;

        Predefined(final CSVFormat format) {
            this.format = format;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the format.
         *
         * @return the format.
         */
        public CSVFormat getFormat() {
            return format;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Standard comma separated format, as for {@link #RFC4180} but allowing empty lines.
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>withDelimiter(',')</li>
     * <li>withQuote('"')</li>
     * <li>withRecordSeparator("\r\n")</li>
     * <li>withIgnoreEmptyLines(true)</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see Predefined#Default
     */
    public static final CSVFormat DEFAULT = new CSVFormat(COMMA, DOUBLE_QUOTE_CHAR, null, null, null, false, true, CRLF,
            null, null, null, false, false, false, false, false);

    /**
     * Excel file format (using a comma as the value delimiter). Note that the actual value delimiter used by Excel is
     * locale dependent, it might be necessary to customize this format to accommodate to your regional settings.
     *
     * <p>
     * For example for parsing or generating a CSV file on a French system the following format will be used:
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat fmt = CSVFormat.EXCEL.withDelimiter(';');
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@link #withDelimiter(char) withDelimiter(',')}</li>
     * <li>{@link #withQuote(char) withQuote('"')}</li>
     * <li>{@link #withRecordSeparator(String) withRecordSeparator("\r\n")}</li>
     * <li>{@link #withIgnoreEmptyLines(boolean) withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)}</li>
     * <li>{@link #withAllowMissingColumnNames(boolean) withAllowMissingColumnNames(true)}</li>
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * Note: this is currently like {@link #RFC4180} plus {@link #withAllowMissingColumnNames(boolean)
     * withAllowMissingColumnNames(true)}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @see Predefined#Excel
     */
    // @formatter:off
    public static final CSVFormat EXCEL = DEFAULT
            .withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)
            .withAllowMissingColumnNames();
    // @formatter:on

    /**
     * Default Informix CSV UNLOAD format used by the {@code UNLOAD TO file_name} operation.
     *
     * <p>
     * This is a comma-delimited format with a LF character as the line separator. Values are not quoted and special
     * characters are escaped with {@code '\'}. The default NULL string is {@code "\\N"}.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>withDelimiter(',')</li>
     * <li>withQuote("\"")</li>
     * <li>withRecordSeparator('\n')</li>
     * <li>withEscape('\\')</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see Predefined#MySQL
     * @see <a href=
     *      "http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSBJG3_2.5.0/com.ibm.gen_busug.doc/c_fgl_InOutSql_UNLOAD.htm">
     *      http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSBJG3_2.5.0/com.ibm.gen_busug.doc/c_fgl_InOutSql_UNLOAD.htm</a>
     * @since 1.3
     */
    // @formatter:off
    public static final CSVFormat INFORMIX_UNLOAD = DEFAULT
            .withDelimiter(PIPE)
            .withEscape(BACKSLASH)
            .withQuote(DOUBLE_QUOTE_CHAR)
            .withRecordSeparator(LF);
    // @formatter:on

    /**
     * Default Informix CSV UNLOAD format used by the {@code UNLOAD TO file_name} operation (escaping is disabled.)
     *
     * <p>
     * This is a comma-delimited format with a LF character as the line separator. Values are not quoted and special
     * characters are escaped with {@code '\'}. The default NULL string is {@code "\\N"}.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>withDelimiter(',')</li>
     * <li>withQuote("\"")</li>
     * <li>withRecordSeparator('\n')</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see Predefined#MySQL
     * @see <a href=
     *      "http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSBJG3_2.5.0/com.ibm.gen_busug.doc/c_fgl_InOutSql_UNLOAD.htm">
     *      http://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSBJG3_2.5.0/com.ibm.gen_busug.doc/c_fgl_InOutSql_UNLOAD.htm</a>
     * @since 1.3
     */
    // @formatter:off
    public static final CSVFormat INFORMIX_UNLOAD_CSV = DEFAULT
            .withDelimiter(COMMA)
            .withQuote(DOUBLE_QUOTE_CHAR)
            .withRecordSeparator(LF);
    // @formatter:on

    /**
     * Default MySQL format used by the {@code SELECT INTO OUTFILE} and {@code LOAD DATA INFILE} operations.
     *
     * <p>
     * This is a tab-delimited format with a LF character as the line separator. Values are not quoted and special
     * characters are escaped with {@code '\'}. The default NULL string is {@code "\\N"}.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>withDelimiter('\t')</li>
     * <li>withQuote(null)</li>
     * <li>withRecordSeparator('\n')</li>
     * <li>withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)</li>
     * <li>withEscape('\\')</li>
     * <li>withNullString("\\N")</li>
     * <li>withQuoteMode(QuoteMode.ALL_NON_NULL)</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see Predefined#MySQL
     * @see <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/load-data.html"> http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/load
     *      -data.html</a>
     */
    // @formatter:off
    public static final CSVFormat MYSQL = DEFAULT
            .withDelimiter(TAB)
            .withEscape(BACKSLASH)
            .withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)
            .withQuote(null)
            .withRecordSeparator(LF)
            .withNullString("\\N")
            .withQuoteMode(QuoteMode.ALL_NON_NULL);
    // @formatter:off

    /**
     * Default PostgreSQL CSV format used by the {@code COPY} operation.
     *
     * <p>
     * This is a comma-delimited format with a LF character as the line separator. Values are double quoted and special
     * characters are escaped with {@code '"'}. The default NULL string is {@code ""}.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>withDelimiter(',')</li>
     * <li>withQuote('"')</li>
     * <li>withRecordSeparator('\n')</li>
     * <li>withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)</li>
     * <li>withEscape('\\')</li>
     * <li>withNullString("")</li>
     * <li>withQuoteMode(QuoteMode.ALL_NON_NULL)</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see Predefined#MySQL
     * @see <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/load-data.html"> http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/load
     *      -data.html</a>
     * @since 1.5
     */
    // @formatter:off
    public static final CSVFormat POSTGRESQL_CSV = DEFAULT
            .withDelimiter(COMMA)
            .withEscape(DOUBLE_QUOTE_CHAR)
            .withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)
            .withQuote(DOUBLE_QUOTE_CHAR)
            .withRecordSeparator(LF)
            .withNullString(EMPTY)
            .withQuoteMode(QuoteMode.ALL_NON_NULL);
    // @formatter:off

    /**
     * Default PostgreSQL text format used by the {@code COPY} operation.
     *
     * <p>
     * This is a tab-delimited format with a LF character as the line separator. Values are double quoted and special
     * characters are escaped with {@code '"'}. The default NULL string is {@code "\\N"}.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>withDelimiter('\t')</li>
     * <li>withQuote('"')</li>
     * <li>withRecordSeparator('\n')</li>
     * <li>withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)</li>
     * <li>withEscape('\\')</li>
     * <li>withNullString("\\N")</li>
     * <li>withQuoteMode(QuoteMode.ALL_NON_NULL)</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see Predefined#MySQL
     * @see <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/load-data.html"> http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/load
     *      -data.html</a>
     * @since 1.5
     */
    // @formatter:off
    public static final CSVFormat POSTGRESQL_TEXT = DEFAULT
            .withDelimiter(TAB)
            .withEscape(DOUBLE_QUOTE_CHAR)
            .withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)
            .withQuote(DOUBLE_QUOTE_CHAR)
            .withRecordSeparator(LF)
            .withNullString("\\N")
            .withQuoteMode(QuoteMode.ALL_NON_NULL);
    // @formatter:off

    /**
     * Comma separated format as defined by <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180">RFC 4180</a>.
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>withDelimiter(',')</li>
     * <li>withQuote('"')</li>
     * <li>withRecordSeparator("\r\n")</li>
     * <li>withIgnoreEmptyLines(false)</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see Predefined#RFC4180
     */
    public static final CSVFormat RFC4180 = DEFAULT.withIgnoreEmptyLines(false);

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * Tab-delimited format.
     *
     * <p>
     * Settings are:
     * </p>
     * <ul>
     * <li>withDelimiter('\t')</li>
     * <li>withQuote('"')</li>
     * <li>withRecordSeparator("\r\n")</li>
     * <li>withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true)</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @see Predefined#TDF
     */
    // @formatter:off
    public static final CSVFormat TDF = DEFAULT
            .withDelimiter(TAB)
            .withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces();
    // @formatter:on

    /**
     * Returns true if the given character is a line break character.
     *
     * @param c
     *            the character to check
     *
     * @return true if <code>c</code> is a line break character
     */
    private static boolean isLineBreak(final char c) {
        return c == LF || c == CR;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the given character is a line break character.
     *
     * @param c
     *            the character to check, may be null
     *
     * @return true if <code>c</code> is a line break character (and not null)
     */
    private static boolean isLineBreak(final Character c) {
        return c != null && isLineBreak(c.charValue());
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new CSV format with the specified delimiter.
     *
     * <p>
     * Use this method if you want to create a CSVFormat from scratch. All fields but the delimiter will be initialized
     * with null/false.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param delimiter
     *            the char used for value separation, must not be a line break character
     * @return a new CSV format.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if the delimiter is a line break character
     *
     * @see #DEFAULT
     * @see #RFC4180
     * @see #MYSQL
     * @see #EXCEL
     * @see #TDF
     */
    public static CSVFormat newFormat(final char delimiter) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, null, null, null, null, false, false, null, null, null, null, false, false,
                false, false, false);
    }

    /**
     * Gets one of the predefined formats from {@link CSVFormat.Predefined}.
     *
     * @param format
     *            name
     * @return one of the predefined formats
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public static CSVFormat valueOf(final String format) {
        return CSVFormat.Predefined.valueOf(format).getFormat();
    }

    private final boolean allowMissingColumnNames;

    private final Character commentMarker; // null if commenting is disabled

    private final char delimiter;

    private final Character escapeCharacter; // null if escaping is disabled

    private final String[] header; // array of header column names

    private final String[] headerComments; // array of header comment lines

    private final boolean ignoreEmptyLines;

    private final boolean ignoreHeaderCase; // should ignore header names case

    private final boolean ignoreSurroundingSpaces; // Should leading/trailing spaces be ignored around values?

    private final String nullString; // the string to be used for null values

    private final Character quoteCharacter; // null if quoting is disabled

    private final QuoteMode quoteMode;

    private final String recordSeparator; // for outputs

    private final boolean skipHeaderRecord;

    private final boolean trailingDelimiter;

    private final boolean trim;

    /**
     * Creates a customized CSV format.
     *
     * @param delimiter
     *            the char used for value separation, must not be a line break character
     * @param quoteChar
     *            the Character used as value encapsulation marker, may be {@code null} to disable
     * @param quoteMode
     *            the quote mode
     * @param commentStart
     *            the Character used for comment identification, may be {@code null} to disable
     * @param escape
     *            the Character used to escape special characters in values, may be {@code null} to disable
     * @param ignoreSurroundingSpaces
     *            {@code true} when whitespaces enclosing values should be ignored
     * @param ignoreEmptyLines
     *            {@code true} when the parser should skip empty lines
     * @param recordSeparator
     *            the line separator to use for output
     * @param nullString
     *            the line separator to use for output
     * @param headerComments
     *            the comments to be printed by the Printer before the actual CSV data
     * @param header
     *            the header
     * @param skipHeaderRecord
     *            TODO
     * @param allowMissingColumnNames
     *            TODO
     * @param ignoreHeaderCase
     *            TODO
     * @param trim
     *            TODO
     * @param trailingDelimiter
     *            TODO
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if the delimiter is a line break character
     */
    private CSVFormat(final char delimiter, final Character quoteChar, final QuoteMode quoteMode,
            final Character commentStart, final Character escape, final boolean ignoreSurroundingSpaces,
            final boolean ignoreEmptyLines, final String recordSeparator, final String nullString,
            final Object[] headerComments, final String[] header, final boolean skipHeaderRecord,
            final boolean allowMissingColumnNames, final boolean ignoreHeaderCase, final boolean trim,
            final boolean trailingDelimiter) {
        this.delimiter = delimiter;
        this.quoteCharacter = quoteChar;
        this.quoteMode = quoteMode;
        this.commentMarker = commentStart;
        this.escapeCharacter = escape;
        this.ignoreSurroundingSpaces = ignoreSurroundingSpaces;
        this.allowMissingColumnNames = allowMissingColumnNames;
        this.ignoreEmptyLines = ignoreEmptyLines;
        this.recordSeparator = recordSeparator;
        this.nullString = nullString;
        this.headerComments = toStringArray(headerComments);
        this.header = header == null ? null : header.clone();
        this.skipHeaderRecord = skipHeaderRecord;
        this.ignoreHeaderCase = ignoreHeaderCase;
        this.trailingDelimiter = trailingDelimiter;
        this.trim = trim;
        validate();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj == null) {
            return false;
        }
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }

        final CSVFormat other = (CSVFormat) obj;
        if (delimiter != other.delimiter) {
            return false;
        }
        if (quoteMode != other.quoteMode) {
            return false;
        }
        if (quoteCharacter == null) {
            if (other.quoteCharacter != null) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (!quoteCharacter.equals(other.quoteCharacter)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (commentMarker == null) {
            if (other.commentMarker != null) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (!commentMarker.equals(other.commentMarker)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (escapeCharacter == null) {
            if (other.escapeCharacter != null) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (!escapeCharacter.equals(other.escapeCharacter)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (nullString == null) {
            if (other.nullString != null) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (!nullString.equals(other.nullString)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!Arrays.equals(header, other.header)) {
            return false;
        }
        if (ignoreSurroundingSpaces != other.ignoreSurroundingSpaces) {
            return false;
        }
        if (ignoreEmptyLines != other.ignoreEmptyLines) {
            return false;
        }
        if (skipHeaderRecord != other.skipHeaderRecord) {
            return false;
        }
        if (recordSeparator == null) {
            if (other.recordSeparator != null) {
                return false;
            }
        } else if (!recordSeparator.equals(other.recordSeparator)) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Formats the specified values.
     *
     * @param values
     *            the values to format
     * @return the formatted values
     */
    public String format(final Object... values) {
        final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
        try (final CSVPrinter csvPrinter = new CSVPrinter(out, this)) {
            csvPrinter.printRecord(values);
            return out.toString().trim();
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // should not happen because a StringWriter does not do IO.
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Specifies whether missing column names are allowed when parsing the header line.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if missing column names are allowed when parsing the header line, {@code false} to throw an
     *         {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
     */
    public boolean getAllowMissingColumnNames() {
        return allowMissingColumnNames;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the character marking the start of a line comment.
     *
     * @return the comment start marker, may be {@code null}
     */
    public Character getCommentMarker() {
        return commentMarker;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the character delimiting the values (typically ';', ',' or '\t').
     *
     * @return the delimiter character
     */
    public char getDelimiter() {
        return delimiter;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the escape character.
     *
     * @return the escape character, may be {@code null}
     */
    public Character getEscapeCharacter() {
        return escapeCharacter;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of the header array.
     *
     * @return a copy of the header array; {@code null} if disabled, the empty array if to be read from the file
     */
    public String[] getHeader() {
        return header != null ? header.clone() : null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of the header comment array.
     *
     * @return a copy of the header comment array; {@code null} if disabled.
     */
    public String[] getHeaderComments() {
        return headerComments != null ? headerComments.clone() : null;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies whether empty lines between records are ignored when parsing input.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if empty lines between records are ignored, {@code false} if they are turned into empty
     *         records.
     */
    public boolean getIgnoreEmptyLines() {
        return ignoreEmptyLines;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies whether header names will be accessed ignoring case.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if header names cases are ignored, {@code false} if they are case sensitive.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public boolean getIgnoreHeaderCase() {
        return ignoreHeaderCase;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies whether spaces around values are ignored when parsing input.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if spaces around values are ignored, {@code false} if they are treated as part of the value.
     */
    public boolean getIgnoreSurroundingSpaces() {
        return ignoreSurroundingSpaces;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the String to convert to and from {@code null}.
     * <ul>
     * <li><strong>Reading:</strong> Converts strings equal to the given {@code nullString} to {@code null} when reading
     * records.</li>
     * <li><strong>Writing:</strong> Writes {@code null} as the given {@code nullString} when writing records.</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @return the String to convert to and from {@code null}. No substitution occurs if {@code null}
     */
    public String getNullString() {
        return nullString;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the character used to encapsulate values containing special characters.
     *
     * @return the quoteChar character, may be {@code null}
     */
    public Character getQuoteCharacter() {
        return quoteCharacter;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the quote policy output fields.
     *
     * @return the quote policy
     */
    public QuoteMode getQuoteMode() {
        return quoteMode;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the record separator delimiting output records.
     *
     * @return the record separator
     */
    public String getRecordSeparator() {
        return recordSeparator;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether to skip the header record.
     *
     * @return whether to skip the header record.
     */
    public boolean getSkipHeaderRecord() {
        return skipHeaderRecord;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether to add a trailing delimiter.
     *
     * @return whether to add a trailing delimiter.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public boolean getTrailingDelimiter() {
        return trailingDelimiter;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether to trim leading and trailing blanks.
     *
     * @return whether to trim leading and trailing blanks.
     */
    public boolean getTrim() {
        return trim;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;

        result = prime * result + delimiter;
        result = prime * result + ((quoteMode == null) ? 0 : quoteMode.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((quoteCharacter == null) ? 0 : quoteCharacter.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((commentMarker == null) ? 0 : commentMarker.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((escapeCharacter == null) ? 0 : escapeCharacter.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((nullString == null) ? 0 : nullString.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + (ignoreSurroundingSpaces ? 1231 : 1237);
        result = prime * result + (ignoreHeaderCase ? 1231 : 1237);
        result = prime * result + (ignoreEmptyLines ? 1231 : 1237);
        result = prime * result + (skipHeaderRecord ? 1231 : 1237);
        result = prime * result + ((recordSeparator == null) ? 0 : recordSeparator.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + Arrays.hashCode(header);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies whether comments are supported by this format.
     *
     * Note that the comment introducer character is only recognized at the start of a line.
     *
     * @return {@code true} is comments are supported, {@code false} otherwise
     */
    public boolean isCommentMarkerSet() {
        return commentMarker != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether escape are being processed.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if escapes are processed
     */
    public boolean isEscapeCharacterSet() {
        return escapeCharacter != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether a nullString has been defined.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if a nullString is defined
     */
    public boolean isNullStringSet() {
        return nullString != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether a quoteChar has been defined.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if a quoteChar is defined
     */
    public boolean isQuoteCharacterSet() {
        return quoteCharacter != null;
    }

    /**
     * Parses the specified content.
     *
     * <p>
     * See also the various static parse methods on {@link CSVParser}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param in
     *            the input stream
     * @return a parser over a stream of {@link CSVRecord}s.
     * @throws IOException
     *             If an I/O error occurs
     */
    public CSVParser parse(final Reader in) throws IOException {
        return new CSVParser(in, this);
    }

    /**
     * Prints to the specified output.
     *
     * <p>
     * See also {@link CSVPrinter}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param out
     *            the output.
     * @return a printer to an output.
     * @throws IOException
     *             thrown if the optional header cannot be printed.
     */
    public CSVPrinter print(final Appendable out) throws IOException {
        return new CSVPrinter(out, this);
    }

    /**
     * Prints to the {@link System#out}.
     *
     * <p>
     * See also {@link CSVPrinter}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return a printer to {@link System#out}.
     * @throws IOException
     *             thrown if the optional header cannot be printed.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public CSVPrinter printer() throws IOException {
        return new CSVPrinter(System.out, this);
    }

    /**
     * Prints to the specified output.
     *
     * <p>
     * See also {@link CSVPrinter}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param out
     *            the output.
     * @param charset
     *            A charset.
     * @return a printer to an output.
     * @throws IOException
     *             thrown if the optional header cannot be printed.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public CSVPrinter print(final File out, Charset charset) throws IOException {
        // The writer will be closed when close() is called.
        return new CSVPrinter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(out), charset), this);
    }

    /**
     * Prints to the specified output.
     *
     * <p>
     * See also {@link CSVPrinter}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param out
     *            the output.
     * @param charset
     *            A charset.
     * @return a printer to an output.
     * @throws IOException
     *             thrown if the optional header cannot be printed.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public CSVPrinter print(final Path out, Charset charset) throws IOException {
        return print(Files.newBufferedWriter(out, charset));
    }

    /**
     * Prints the {@code value} as the next value on the line to {@code out}. The value will be escaped or encapsulated
     * as needed. Useful when one wants to avoid creating CSVPrinters.
     *
     * @param value
     *            value to output.
     * @param out
     *            where to print the value.
     * @param newRecord
     *            if this a new record.
     * @throws IOException
     *             If an I/O error occurs.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void print(final Object value, final Appendable out, final boolean newRecord) throws IOException {
        // null values are considered empty
        // Only call CharSequence.toString() if you have to, helps GC-free use cases.
        CharSequence charSequence;
        if (value == null) {
            // https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CSV-203
            if (null == nullString) {
                charSequence = EMPTY;
            } else {
                if (QuoteMode.ALL == quoteMode) {
                    charSequence = quoteCharacter + nullString + quoteCharacter;
                } else {
                    charSequence = nullString;
                }
            }
        } else {
            charSequence = value instanceof CharSequence ? (CharSequence) value : value.toString();
        }
        charSequence = getTrim() ? trim(charSequence) : charSequence;
        this.print(value, charSequence, 0, charSequence.length(), out, newRecord);
    }

    private void print(final Object object, final CharSequence value, final int offset, final int len,
            final Appendable out, final boolean newRecord) throws IOException {
        if (!newRecord) {
            out.append(getDelimiter());
        }
        if (object == null) {
            out.append(value);
        } else if (isQuoteCharacterSet()) {
            // the original object is needed so can check for Number
            printAndQuote(object, value, offset, len, out, newRecord);
        } else if (isEscapeCharacterSet()) {
            printAndEscape(value, offset, len, out);
        } else {
            out.append(value, offset, offset + len);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Note: must only be called if escaping is enabled, otherwise will generate NPE
     */
    private void printAndEscape(final CharSequence value, final int offset, final int len, final Appendable out)
            throws IOException {
        int start = offset;
        int pos = offset;
        final int end = offset + len;

        final char delim = getDelimiter();
        final char escape = getEscapeCharacter().charValue();

        while (pos < end) {
            char c = value.charAt(pos);
            if (c == CR || c == LF || c == delim || c == escape) {
                // write out segment up until this char
                if (pos > start) {
                    out.append(value, start, pos);
                }
                if (c == LF) {
                    c = 'n';
                } else if (c == CR) {
                    c = 'r';
                }

                out.append(escape);
                out.append(c);

                start = pos + 1; // start on the current char after this one
            }

            pos++;
        }

        // write last segment
        if (pos > start) {
            out.append(value, start, pos);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Note: must only be called if quoting is enabled, otherwise will generate NPE
     */
    // the original object is needed so can check for Number
    private void printAndQuote(final Object object, final CharSequence value, final int offset, final int len,
            final Appendable out, final boolean newRecord) throws IOException {
        boolean quote = false;
        int start = offset;
        int pos = offset;
        final int end = offset + len;

        final char delimChar = getDelimiter();
        final char quoteChar = getQuoteCharacter().charValue();

        QuoteMode quoteModePolicy = getQuoteMode();
        if (quoteModePolicy == null) {
            quoteModePolicy = QuoteMode.MINIMAL;
        }
        switch (quoteModePolicy) {
        case ALL:
        case ALL_NON_NULL:
            quote = true;
            break;
        case NON_NUMERIC:
            quote = !(object instanceof Number);
            break;
        case NONE:
            // Use the existing escaping code
            printAndEscape(value, offset, len, out);
            return;
        case MINIMAL:
            if (len <= 0) {
                // always quote an empty token that is the first
                // on the line, as it may be the only thing on the
                // line. If it were not quoted in that case,
                // an empty line has no tokens.
                if (newRecord) {
                    quote = true;
                }
            } else {
                char c = value.charAt(pos);

                // RFC4180 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180) TEXTDATA =  %x20-21 / %x23-2B / %x2D-7E
                if (newRecord && (c < 0x20 || c > 0x21 && c < 0x23 || c > 0x2B && c < 0x2D || c > 0x7E)) {
                    quote = true;
                } else if (c <= COMMENT) {
                    // Some other chars at the start of a value caused the parser to fail, so for now
                    // encapsulate if we start in anything less than '#'. We are being conservative
                    // by including the default comment char too.
                    quote = true;
                } else {
                    while (pos < end) {
                        c = value.charAt(pos);
                        if (c == LF || c == CR || c == quoteChar || c == delimChar) {
                            quote = true;
                            break;
                        }
                        pos++;
                    }

                    if (!quote) {
                        pos = end - 1;
                        c = value.charAt(pos);
                        // Some other chars at the end caused the parser to fail, so for now
                        // encapsulate if we end in anything less than ' '
                        if (c <= SP) {
                            quote = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!quote) {
                // no encapsulation needed - write out the original value
                out.append(value, start, end);
                return;
            }
            break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected Quote value: " + quoteModePolicy);
        }

        if (!quote) {
            // no encapsulation needed - write out the original value
            out.append(value, start, end);
            return;
        }

        // we hit something that needed encapsulation
        out.append(quoteChar);

        // Pick up where we left off: pos should be positioned on the first character that caused
        // the need for encapsulation.
        while (pos < end) {
            final char c = value.charAt(pos);
            if (c == quoteChar) {
                // write out the chunk up until this point

                // add 1 to the length to write out the encapsulator also
                out.append(value, start, pos + 1);
                // put the next starting position on the encapsulator so we will
                // write it out again with the next string (effectively doubling it)
                start = pos;
            }
            pos++;
        }

        // write the last segment
        out.append(value, start, pos);
        out.append(quoteChar);
    }

    /**
     * Outputs the trailing delimiter (if set) followed by the record separator (if set).
     *
     * @param out
     *            where to write
     * @throws IOException
     *             If an I/O error occurs
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void println(final Appendable out) throws IOException {
        if (getTrailingDelimiter()) {
            out.append(getDelimiter());
        }
        if (recordSeparator != null) {
            out.append(recordSeparator);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Prints the given {@code values} to {@code out} as a single record of delimiter separated values followed by the
     * record separator.
     *
     * <p>
     * The values will be quoted if needed. Quotes and new-line characters will be escaped. This method adds the record
     * separator to the output after printing the record, so there is no need to call {@link #println(Appendable)}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param out
     *            where to write.
     * @param values
     *            values to output.
     * @throws IOException
     *             If an I/O error occurs.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void printRecord(final Appendable out, final Object... values) throws IOException {
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            print(values[i], out, i == 0);
        }
        println(out);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("Delimiter=<").append(delimiter).append('>');
        if (isEscapeCharacterSet()) {
            sb.append(' ');
            sb.append("Escape=<").append(escapeCharacter).append('>');
        }
        if (isQuoteCharacterSet()) {
            sb.append(' ');
            sb.append("QuoteChar=<").append(quoteCharacter).append('>');
        }
        if (isCommentMarkerSet()) {
            sb.append(' ');
            sb.append("CommentStart=<").append(commentMarker).append('>');
        }
        if (isNullStringSet()) {
            sb.append(' ');
            sb.append("NullString=<").append(nullString).append('>');
        }
        if (recordSeparator != null) {
            sb.append(' ');
            sb.append("RecordSeparator=<").append(recordSeparator).append('>');
        }
        if (getIgnoreEmptyLines()) {
            sb.append(" EmptyLines:ignored");
        }
        if (getIgnoreSurroundingSpaces()) {
            sb.append(" SurroundingSpaces:ignored");
        }
        if (getIgnoreHeaderCase()) {
            sb.append(" IgnoreHeaderCase:ignored");
        }
        sb.append(" SkipHeaderRecord:").append(skipHeaderRecord);
        if (headerComments != null) {
            sb.append(' ');
            sb.append("HeaderComments:").append(Arrays.toString(headerComments));
        }
        if (header != null) {
            sb.append(' ');
            sb.append("Header:").append(Arrays.toString(header));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private String[] toStringArray(final Object[] values) {
        if (values == null) {
            return null;
        }
        final String[] strings = new String[values.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            final Object value = values[i];
            strings[i] = value == null ? null : value.toString();
        }
        return strings;
    }

    private CharSequence trim(final CharSequence charSequence) {
        if (charSequence instanceof String) {
            return ((String) charSequence).trim();
        }
        final int count = charSequence.length();
        int len = count;
        int pos = 0;

        while (pos < len && charSequence.charAt(pos) <= SP) {
            pos++;
        }
        while (pos < len && charSequence.charAt(len - 1) <= SP) {
            len--;
        }
        return pos > 0 || len < count ? charSequence.subSequence(pos, len) : charSequence;
    }

    /**
     * Verifies the consistency of the parameters and throws an IllegalArgumentException if necessary.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     */
    private void validate() throws IllegalArgumentException {
        if (isLineBreak(delimiter)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The delimiter cannot be a line break");
        }

        if (quoteCharacter != null && delimiter == quoteCharacter.charValue()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "The quoteChar character and the delimiter cannot be the same ('" + quoteCharacter + "')");
        }

        if (escapeCharacter != null && delimiter == escapeCharacter.charValue()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "The escape character and the delimiter cannot be the same ('" + escapeCharacter + "')");
        }

        if (commentMarker != null && delimiter == commentMarker.charValue()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "The comment start character and the delimiter cannot be the same ('" + commentMarker + "')");
        }

        if (quoteCharacter != null && quoteCharacter.equals(commentMarker)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "The comment start character and the quoteChar cannot be the same ('" + commentMarker + "')");
        }

        if (escapeCharacter != null && escapeCharacter.equals(commentMarker)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "The comment start and the escape character cannot be the same ('" + commentMarker + "')");
        }

        if (escapeCharacter == null && quoteMode == QuoteMode.NONE) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No quotes mode set but no escape character is set");
        }

        // validate header
        if (header != null) {
            final Set<String> dupCheck = new HashSet<>();
            for (final String hdr : header) {
                if (!dupCheck.add(hdr)) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "The header contains a duplicate entry: '" + hdr + "' in " + Arrays.toString(header));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the missing column names behavior of the format set to {@code true}
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified missing column names behavior.
     * @see #withAllowMissingColumnNames(boolean)
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public CSVFormat withAllowMissingColumnNames() {
        return this.withAllowMissingColumnNames(true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the missing column names behavior of the format set to the given value.
     *
     * @param allowMissingColumnNames
     *            the missing column names behavior, {@code true} to allow missing column names in the header line,
     *            {@code false} to cause an {@link IllegalArgumentException} to be thrown.
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified missing column names behavior.
     */
    public CSVFormat withAllowMissingColumnNames(final boolean allowMissingColumnNames) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the comment start marker of the format set to the specified character.
     *
     * Note that the comment start character is only recognized at the start of a line.
     *
     * @param commentMarker
     *            the comment start marker
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this one but with the specified character as the comment start marker
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             thrown if the specified character is a line break
     */
    public CSVFormat withCommentMarker(final char commentMarker) {
        return withCommentMarker(Character.valueOf(commentMarker));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the comment start marker of the format set to the specified character.
     *
     * Note that the comment start character is only recognized at the start of a line.
     *
     * @param commentMarker
     *            the comment start marker, use {@code null} to disable
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this one but with the specified character as the comment start marker
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             thrown if the specified character is a line break
     */
    public CSVFormat withCommentMarker(final Character commentMarker) {
        if (isLineBreak(commentMarker)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The comment start marker character cannot be a line break");
        }
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the delimiter of the format set to the specified character.
     *
     * @param delimiter
     *            the delimiter character
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this with the specified character as delimiter
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             thrown if the specified character is a line break
     */
    public CSVFormat withDelimiter(final char delimiter) {
        if (isLineBreak(delimiter)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The delimiter cannot be a line break");
        }
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the escape character of the format set to the specified character.
     *
     * @param escape
     *            the escape character
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to his but with the specified character as the escape character
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             thrown if the specified character is a line break
     */
    public CSVFormat withEscape(final char escape) {
        return withEscape(Character.valueOf(escape));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the escape character of the format set to the specified character.
     *
     * @param escape
     *            the escape character, use {@code null} to disable
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified character as the escape character
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             thrown if the specified character is a line break
     */
    public CSVFormat withEscape(final Character escape) {
        if (isLineBreak(escape)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The escape character cannot be a line break");
        }
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escape, ignoreSurroundingSpaces,
                ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header, skipHeaderRecord,
                allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} using the first record as header.
     *
     * <p>
     * Calling this method is equivalent to calling:
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat format = aFormat.withHeader().withSkipHeaderRecord();
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but using the first record as header.
     * @see #withSkipHeaderRecord(boolean)
     * @see #withHeader(String...)
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public CSVFormat withFirstRecordAsHeader() {
        return withHeader().withSkipHeaderRecord();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the header of the format defined by the enum class.
     *
     * <p>
     * Example:
     * </p>
     * <pre>
     * public enum Header {
     *     Name, Email, Phone
     * }
     *
     * CSVFormat format = aformat.withHeader(Header.class);
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * The header is also used by the {@link CSVPrinter}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param headerEnum
     *            the enum defining the header, {@code null} if disabled, empty if parsed automatically, user specified
     *            otherwise.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified header
     * @see #withHeader(String...)
     * @see #withSkipHeaderRecord(boolean)
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public CSVFormat withHeader(final Class<? extends Enum<?>> headerEnum) {
        String[] header = null;
        if (headerEnum != null) {
            final Enum<?>[] enumValues = headerEnum.getEnumConstants();
            header = new String[enumValues.length];
            for (int i = 0; i < enumValues.length; i++) {
                header[i] = enumValues[i].name();
            }
        }
        return withHeader(header);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the header of the format set from the result set metadata. The header can
     * either be parsed automatically from the input file with:
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat format = aformat.withHeader();
     * </pre>
     *
     * or specified manually with:
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat format = aformat.withHeader(resultSet);
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * The header is also used by the {@link CSVPrinter}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param resultSet
     *            the resultSet for the header, {@code null} if disabled, empty if parsed automatically, user specified
     *            otherwise.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified header
     * @throws SQLException
     *             SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed result set.
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public CSVFormat withHeader(final ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException {
        return withHeader(resultSet != null ? resultSet.getMetaData() : null);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the header of the format set from the result set metadata. The header can
     * either be parsed automatically from the input file with:
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat format = aformat.withHeader();
     * </pre>
     *
     * or specified manually with:
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat format = aformat.withHeader(metaData);
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * The header is also used by the {@link CSVPrinter}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param metaData
     *            the metaData for the header, {@code null} if disabled, empty if parsed automatically, user specified
     *            otherwise.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified header
     * @throws SQLException
     *             SQLException if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed result set.
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public CSVFormat withHeader(final ResultSetMetaData metaData) throws SQLException {
        String[] labels = null;
        if (metaData != null) {
            final int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
            labels = new String[columnCount];
            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                labels[i] = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);
            }
        }
        return withHeader(labels);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the header of the format set to the given values. The header can either be
     * parsed automatically from the input file with:
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat format = aformat.withHeader();
     * </pre>
     *
     * or specified manually with:
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat format = aformat.withHeader(&quot;name&quot;, &quot;email&quot;, &quot;phone&quot;);
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * The header is also used by the {@link CSVPrinter}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param header
     *            the header, {@code null} if disabled, empty if parsed automatically, user specified otherwise.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified header
     * @see #withSkipHeaderRecord(boolean)
     */
    public CSVFormat withHeader(final String... header) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the header comments of the format set to the given values. The comments will
     * be printed first, before the headers. This setting is ignored by the parser.
     *
     * <pre>
     * CSVFormat format = aformat.withHeaderComments(&quot;Generated by Apache Commons CSV 1.1.&quot;, new Date());
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param headerComments
     *            the headerComments which will be printed by the Printer before the actual CSV data.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified header
     * @see #withSkipHeaderRecord(boolean)
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public CSVFormat withHeaderComments(final Object... headerComments) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the empty line skipping behavior of the format set to {@code true}.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified empty line skipping behavior.
     * @since {@link #withIgnoreEmptyLines(boolean)}
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public CSVFormat withIgnoreEmptyLines() {
        return this.withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the empty line skipping behavior of the format set to the given value.
     *
     * @param ignoreEmptyLines
     *            the empty line skipping behavior, {@code true} to ignore the empty lines between the records,
     *            {@code false} to translate empty lines to empty records.
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified empty line skipping behavior.
     */
    public CSVFormat withIgnoreEmptyLines(final boolean ignoreEmptyLines) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the header ignore case behavior set to {@code true}.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that will ignore case header name.
     * @see #withIgnoreHeaderCase(boolean)
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public CSVFormat withIgnoreHeaderCase() {
        return this.withIgnoreHeaderCase(true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with whether header names should be accessed ignoring case.
     *
     * @param ignoreHeaderCase
     *            the case mapping behavior, {@code true} to access name/values, {@code false} to leave the mapping as
     *            is.
     * @return A new CSVFormat that will ignore case header name if specified as {@code true}
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public CSVFormat withIgnoreHeaderCase(final boolean ignoreHeaderCase) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the trimming behavior of the format set to {@code true}.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified trimming behavior.
     * @see #withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(boolean)
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public CSVFormat withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces() {
        return this.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the trimming behavior of the format set to the given value.
     *
     * @param ignoreSurroundingSpaces
     *            the trimming behavior, {@code true} to remove the surrounding spaces, {@code false} to leave the
     *            spaces as is.
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified trimming behavior.
     */
    public CSVFormat withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(final boolean ignoreSurroundingSpaces) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with conversions to and from null for strings on input and output.
     * <ul>
     * <li><strong>Reading:</strong> Converts strings equal to the given {@code nullString} to {@code null} when reading
     * records.</li>
     * <li><strong>Writing:</strong> Writes {@code null} as the given {@code nullString} when writing records.</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param nullString
     *            the String to convert to and from {@code null}. No substitution occurs if {@code null}
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified null conversion string.
     */
    public CSVFormat withNullString(final String nullString) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the quoteChar of the format set to the specified character.
     *
     * @param quoteChar
     *            the quoteChar character
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified character as quoteChar
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             thrown if the specified character is a line break
     */
    public CSVFormat withQuote(final char quoteChar) {
        return withQuote(Character.valueOf(quoteChar));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the quoteChar of the format set to the specified character.
     *
     * @param quoteChar
     *            the quoteChar character, use {@code null} to disable
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified character as quoteChar
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             thrown if the specified character is a line break
     */
    public CSVFormat withQuote(final Character quoteChar) {
        if (isLineBreak(quoteChar)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The quoteChar cannot be a line break");
        }
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteChar, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter, ignoreSurroundingSpaces,
                ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header, skipHeaderRecord,
                allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the output quote policy of the format set to the specified value.
     *
     * @param quoteModePolicy
     *            the quote policy to use for output.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified quote policy
     */
    public CSVFormat withQuoteMode(final QuoteMode quoteModePolicy) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteModePolicy, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the record separator of the format set to the specified character.
     *
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> This setting is only used during printing and does not affect parsing. Parsing currently
     * only works for inputs with '\n', '\r' and "\r\n"
     * </p>
     *
     * @param recordSeparator
     *            the record separator to use for output.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the the specified output record separator
     */
    public CSVFormat withRecordSeparator(final char recordSeparator) {
        return withRecordSeparator(String.valueOf(recordSeparator));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with the record separator of the format set to the specified String.
     *
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> This setting is only used during printing and does not affect parsing. Parsing currently
     * only works for inputs with '\n', '\r' and "\r\n"
     * </p>
     *
     * @param recordSeparator
     *            the record separator to use for output.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the the specified output record separator
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if recordSeparator is none of CR, LF or CRLF
     */
    public CSVFormat withRecordSeparator(final String recordSeparator) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with skipping the header record set to {@code true}.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the the specified skipHeaderRecord setting.
     * @see #withSkipHeaderRecord(boolean)
     * @see #withHeader(String...)
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public CSVFormat withSkipHeaderRecord() {
        return this.withSkipHeaderRecord(true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with whether to skip the header record.
     *
     * @param skipHeaderRecord
     *            whether to skip the header record.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the the specified skipHeaderRecord setting.
     * @see #withHeader(String...)
     */
    public CSVFormat withSkipHeaderRecord(final boolean skipHeaderRecord) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} to add a trailing delimiter.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the trailing delimiter setting.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public CSVFormat withTrailingDelimiter() {
        return withTrailingDelimiter(true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with whether to add a trailing delimiter.
     *
     * @param trailingDelimiter
     *            whether to add a trailing delimiter.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified trailing delimiter setting.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public CSVFormat withTrailingDelimiter(final boolean trailingDelimiter) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} to trim leading and trailing blanks.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the trim setting on.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public CSVFormat withTrim() {
        return withTrim(true);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code CSVFormat} with whether to trim leading and trailing blanks.
     *
     * @param trim
     *            whether to trim leading and trailing blanks.
     *
     * @return A new CSVFormat that is equal to this but with the specified trim setting.
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public CSVFormat withTrim(final boolean trim) {
        return new CSVFormat(delimiter, quoteCharacter, quoteMode, commentMarker, escapeCharacter,
                ignoreSurroundingSpaces, ignoreEmptyLines, recordSeparator, nullString, headerComments, header,
                skipHeaderRecord, allowMissingColumnNames, ignoreHeaderCase, trim, trailingDelimiter);
    }
}