// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
// 
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.
package com.cloud.configuration;

import java.net.URI;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;

import javax.ejb.Local;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.naming.ConfigurationException;
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext;

import org.apache.cloudstack.acl.SecurityChecker;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.ApiConstants.LDAPParams;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.config.UpdateCfgCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.ldap.LDAPConfigCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.ldap.LDAPRemoveCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.network.CreateNetworkOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.network.DeleteNetworkOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.network.UpdateNetworkOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.offering.CreateDiskOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.offering.CreateServiceOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.offering.DeleteDiskOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.offering.DeleteServiceOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.offering.UpdateDiskOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.offering.UpdateServiceOfferingCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.pod.DeletePodCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.pod.UpdatePodCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.vlan.CreateVlanIpRangeCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.vlan.DedicatePublicIpRangeCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.vlan.DeleteVlanIpRangeCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.vlan.ReleasePublicIpRangeCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.zone.CreateZoneCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.zone.DeleteZoneCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.admin.zone.UpdateZoneCmd;
import org.apache.cloudstack.api.command.user.network.ListNetworkOfferingsCmd;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.cloud.alert.AlertManager;
import com.cloud.api.ApiDBUtils;
import com.cloud.capacity.dao.CapacityDao;
import com.cloud.configuration.Resource.ResourceType;
import com.cloud.configuration.dao.ConfigurationDao;
import com.cloud.dc.AccountVlanMapVO;
import com.cloud.dc.ClusterVO;
import com.cloud.dc.DataCenter;
import com.cloud.dc.DataCenter.NetworkType;
import com.cloud.dc.DataCenterIpAddressVO;
import com.cloud.dc.DataCenterLinkLocalIpAddressVO;
import com.cloud.dc.DataCenterVO;
import com.cloud.dc.HostPodVO;
import com.cloud.dc.Pod;
import com.cloud.dc.PodVlanMapVO;
import com.cloud.dc.Vlan;
import com.cloud.dc.Vlan.VlanType;
import com.cloud.dc.VlanVO;
import com.cloud.dc.dao.AccountVlanMapDao;
import com.cloud.dc.dao.ClusterDao;
import com.cloud.dc.dao.DataCenterDao;
import com.cloud.dc.dao.DataCenterIpAddressDao;
import com.cloud.dc.dao.DataCenterLinkLocalIpAddressDao;
import com.cloud.dc.dao.HostPodDao;
import com.cloud.dc.dao.PodVlanMapDao;
import com.cloud.dc.dao.VlanDao;
import com.cloud.deploy.DataCenterDeployment;
import com.cloud.domain.Domain;
import com.cloud.domain.DomainVO;
import com.cloud.domain.dao.DomainDao;
import com.cloud.event.ActionEvent;
import com.cloud.event.EventTypes;
import com.cloud.exception.ConcurrentOperationException;
import com.cloud.exception.InsufficientCapacityException;
import com.cloud.exception.InvalidParameterValueException;
import com.cloud.exception.PermissionDeniedException;
import com.cloud.exception.ResourceAllocationException;
import com.cloud.exception.ResourceUnavailableException;
import com.cloud.host.HostVO;
import com.cloud.hypervisor.Hypervisor.HypervisorType;
import com.cloud.network.Network;
import com.cloud.network.Network.Capability;
import com.cloud.network.Network.GuestType;
import com.cloud.network.Network.Provider;
import com.cloud.network.Network.Service;
import com.cloud.network.NetworkManager;
import com.cloud.network.NetworkModel;
import com.cloud.network.NetworkService;
import com.cloud.network.Networks.BroadcastDomainType;
import com.cloud.network.Networks.TrafficType;
import com.cloud.network.PhysicalNetwork;
import com.cloud.network.dao.FirewallRulesDao;
import com.cloud.network.dao.IPAddressDao;
import com.cloud.network.dao.IPAddressVO;
import com.cloud.network.dao.NetworkDao;
import com.cloud.network.dao.NetworkVO;
import com.cloud.network.dao.PhysicalNetworkDao;
import com.cloud.network.dao.PhysicalNetworkTrafficTypeDao;
import com.cloud.network.dao.PhysicalNetworkTrafficTypeVO;
import com.cloud.network.dao.PhysicalNetworkVO;
import com.cloud.network.vpc.VpcManager;
import com.cloud.offering.DiskOffering;
import com.cloud.offering.NetworkOffering;
import com.cloud.offering.NetworkOffering.Availability;
import com.cloud.offering.ServiceOffering;
import com.cloud.offerings.NetworkOfferingServiceMapVO;
import com.cloud.offerings.NetworkOfferingVO;
import com.cloud.offerings.dao.NetworkOfferingDao;
import com.cloud.offerings.dao.NetworkOfferingServiceMapDao;
import com.cloud.org.Grouping;
import com.cloud.org.Grouping.AllocationState;
import com.cloud.projects.Project;
import com.cloud.projects.ProjectManager;
import com.cloud.service.ServiceOfferingVO;
import com.cloud.service.dao.ServiceOfferingDao;
import com.cloud.storage.DiskOfferingVO;
import com.cloud.storage.SwiftVO;
import com.cloud.storage.dao.DiskOfferingDao;
import com.cloud.storage.dao.S3Dao;
import com.cloud.storage.dao.SwiftDao;
import com.cloud.storage.s3.S3Manager;
import com.cloud.storage.secondary.SecondaryStorageVmManager;
import com.cloud.storage.swift.SwiftManager;
import com.cloud.test.IPRangeConfig;
import com.cloud.user.Account;
import com.cloud.user.AccountManager;
import com.cloud.user.AccountVO;
import com.cloud.user.ResourceLimitService;
import com.cloud.user.User;
import com.cloud.user.UserContext;
import com.cloud.user.dao.AccountDao;
import com.cloud.utils.NumbersUtil;
import com.cloud.utils.StringUtils;
import com.cloud.utils.component.ManagerBase;
import com.cloud.utils.crypt.DBEncryptionUtil;
import com.cloud.utils.db.DB;
import com.cloud.utils.db.Filter;
import com.cloud.utils.db.SearchCriteria;
import com.cloud.utils.db.Transaction;
import com.cloud.utils.exception.CloudRuntimeException;
import com.cloud.utils.net.NetUtils;
import com.cloud.vm.VirtualMachine;
import com.cloud.vm.dao.NicDao;

import edu.emory.mathcs.backport.java.util.Arrays;

@Component
@Local(value = { ConfigurationManager.class, ConfigurationService.class })
public class ConfigurationManagerImpl extends ManagerBase implements ConfigurationManager, ConfigurationService {
    public static final Logger s_logger = Logger.getLogger(ConfigurationManagerImpl.class.getName());

    @Inject
    ConfigurationDao _configDao;
    @Inject
    HostPodDao _podDao;
    @Inject
    AccountVlanMapDao _accountVlanMapDao;
    @Inject
    PodVlanMapDao _podVlanMapDao;
    @Inject
    DataCenterDao _zoneDao;
    @Inject
    DomainDao _domainDao;
    @Inject
    SwiftDao _swiftDao;
    @Inject
    S3Dao _s3Dao;
    @Inject
    ServiceOfferingDao _serviceOfferingDao;
    @Inject
    DiskOfferingDao _diskOfferingDao;
    @Inject
    NetworkOfferingDao _networkOfferingDao;
    @Inject
    VlanDao _vlanDao;
    @Inject
    IPAddressDao _publicIpAddressDao;
    @Inject
    DataCenterIpAddressDao _privateIpAddressDao;
    @Inject
    AccountDao _accountDao;
    @Inject
    NetworkDao _networkDao;
    @Inject
    AccountManager _accountMgr;
    @Inject
    NetworkManager _networkMgr;
    @Inject
    NetworkService _networkSvc;
    @Inject
    NetworkModel _networkModel;
    @Inject
    ClusterDao _clusterDao;
    @Inject
    AlertManager _alertMgr;
    // @com.cloud.utils.component.Inject(adapter = SecurityChecker.class)
    @Inject 
    List<SecurityChecker> _secChecker;

    @Inject
    CapacityDao _capacityDao;
    @Inject
    ResourceLimitService _resourceLimitMgr;
    @Inject
    ProjectManager _projectMgr;
    @Inject
    SecondaryStorageVmManager _ssvmMgr;
    @Inject
    NetworkOfferingServiceMapDao _ntwkOffServiceMapDao;
    @Inject
    PhysicalNetworkDao _physicalNetworkDao;
    @Inject
    SwiftManager _swiftMgr;
    @Inject
    S3Manager _s3Mgr;
    @Inject
    PhysicalNetworkTrafficTypeDao _trafficTypeDao;
    @Inject
    NicDao _nicDao;
    @Inject
    FirewallRulesDao _firewallDao;
    @Inject
    VpcManager _vpcMgr;

    // FIXME - why don't we have interface for DataCenterLinkLocalIpAddressDao?
    @Inject protected DataCenterLinkLocalIpAddressDao _LinkLocalIpAllocDao;

    private int _maxVolumeSizeInGb = Integer.parseInt(Config.MaxVolumeSize.getDefaultValue());
    private long _defaultPageSize = Long.parseLong(Config.DefaultPageSize.getDefaultValue());
    protected Set<String> configValuesForValidation;

    @Override
    public boolean configure(final String name, final Map<String, Object> params) throws ConfigurationException {
        String maxVolumeSizeInGbString = _configDao.getValue(Config.MaxVolumeSize.key());
        _maxVolumeSizeInGb = NumbersUtil.parseInt(maxVolumeSizeInGbString, 
        	Integer.parseInt(Config.MaxVolumeSize.getDefaultValue()));

        String defaultPageSizeString = _configDao.getValue(Config.DefaultPageSize.key());
        _defaultPageSize = NumbersUtil.parseLong(defaultPageSizeString, 
        	Long.parseLong(Config.DefaultPageSize.getDefaultValue()));

        populateConfigValuesForValidationSet();
        return true;
    }

    private void populateConfigValuesForValidationSet() {
        configValuesForValidation = new HashSet<String>();
        configValuesForValidation.add("event.purge.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("account.cleanup.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("alert.wait");
        configValuesForValidation.add("consoleproxy.capacityscan.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("consoleproxy.loadscan.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("expunge.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("host.stats.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("investigate.retry.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("migrate.retry.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("network.gc.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("ping.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("snapshot.poll.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("stop.retry.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("storage.stats.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("storage.cleanup.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("wait");
        configValuesForValidation.add("xen.heartbeat.interval");
        configValuesForValidation.add("incorrect.login.attempts.allowed");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean start() {

        // TODO : this may not be a good place to do integrity check here, we
        // put it here as we need _alertMgr to be properly
        // configured
        // before we can use it

        // As it is so common for people to forget about configuring
        // management.network.cidr,
        String mgtCidr = _configDao.getValue(Config.ManagementNetwork.key());
        if (mgtCidr == null || mgtCidr.trim().isEmpty()) {
            String[] localCidrs = NetUtils.getLocalCidrs();
            if (localCidrs.length > 0) {
                s_logger.warn("Management network CIDR is not configured originally. Set it default to " + localCidrs[0]);

                _alertMgr.sendAlert(AlertManager.ALERT_TYPE_MANAGMENT_NODE, 0, new Long(0), "Management network CIDR is not configured originally. Set it default to " + localCidrs[0], "");
                _configDao.update(Config.ManagementNetwork.key(), Config.ManagementNetwork.getCategory(), localCidrs[0]);
            } else {
                s_logger.warn("Management network CIDR is not properly configured and we are not able to find a default setting");
                _alertMgr.sendAlert(AlertManager.ALERT_TYPE_MANAGMENT_NODE, 0, new Long(0), "Management network CIDR is not properly configured and we are not able to find a default setting", "");
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean stop() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public void updateConfiguration(long userId, String name, String category, String value) {

        String validationMsg = validateConfigurationValue(name, value);

        if (validationMsg != null) {
            s_logger.error("Invalid configuration option, name: " + name + ", value:" + value);
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException(validationMsg);
        }

        // Execute all updates in a single transaction
        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        txn.start();

        if (!_configDao.update(name, category, value)) {
            s_logger.error("Failed to update configuration option, name: " + name + ", value:" + value);
            throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update configuration value. Please contact Cloud Support.");
        }

        PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
        if (Config.XenGuestNetwork.key().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
            String sql = "update host_details set value=? where name=?";
            try {
                pstmt = txn.prepareAutoCloseStatement(sql);
                pstmt.setString(1, value);
                pstmt.setString(2, "guest.network.device");

                pstmt.executeUpdate();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update guest.network.device in host_details due to exception ", e);
            }
        } else if (Config.XenPrivateNetwork.key().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
            String sql = "update host_details set value=? where name=?";
            try {
                pstmt = txn.prepareAutoCloseStatement(sql);
                pstmt.setString(1, value);
                pstmt.setString(2, "private.network.device");

                pstmt.executeUpdate();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update private.network.device in host_details due to exception ", e);
            }
        } else if (Config.XenPublicNetwork.key().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
            String sql = "update host_details set value=? where name=?";
            try {
                pstmt = txn.prepareAutoCloseStatement(sql);
                pstmt.setString(1, value);
                pstmt.setString(2, "public.network.device");

                pstmt.executeUpdate();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update public.network.device in host_details due to exception ", e);
            }
        } else if (Config.XenStorageNetwork1.key().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
            String sql = "update host_details set value=? where name=?";
            try {
                pstmt = txn.prepareAutoCloseStatement(sql);
                pstmt.setString(1, value);
                pstmt.setString(2, "storage.network.device1");

                pstmt.executeUpdate();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update storage.network.device1 in host_details due to exception ", e);
            }
        } else if (Config.XenStorageNetwork2.key().equals(name)) {
            String sql = "update host_details set value=? where name=?";
            try {
                pstmt = txn.prepareAutoCloseStatement(sql);
                pstmt.setString(1, value);
                pstmt.setString(2, "storage.network.device2");

                pstmt.executeUpdate();
            } catch (Throwable e) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update storage.network.device2 in host_details due to exception ", e);
            }
        } else if (Config.SystemVMUseLocalStorage.key().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
            if (s_logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                s_logger.debug("Config 'system.vm.use.local.storage' changed to value:" + value + ", need to update System VM offerings");
            }
            boolean useLocalStorage = Boolean.parseBoolean(_configDao.getValue(Config.SystemVMUseLocalStorage.key()));
            ServiceOfferingVO serviceOffering = _serviceOfferingDao.findByName(ServiceOffering.consoleProxyDefaultOffUniqueName);
            if (serviceOffering != null) {
                serviceOffering.setUseLocalStorage(useLocalStorage);
                if (!_serviceOfferingDao.update(serviceOffering.getId(), serviceOffering)) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update ConsoleProxy offering's use_local_storage option to value:" + useLocalStorage);
                }
            }

            serviceOffering = _serviceOfferingDao.findByName(ServiceOffering.routerDefaultOffUniqueName);
            if (serviceOffering != null) {
                serviceOffering.setUseLocalStorage(useLocalStorage);
                if (!_serviceOfferingDao.update(serviceOffering.getId(), serviceOffering)) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update SoftwareRouter offering's use_local_storage option to value:" + useLocalStorage);
                }
            }

            serviceOffering = _serviceOfferingDao.findByName(ServiceOffering.ssvmDefaultOffUniqueName);
            if (serviceOffering != null) {
                serviceOffering.setUseLocalStorage(useLocalStorage);
                if (!_serviceOfferingDao.update(serviceOffering.getId(), serviceOffering)) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to update SecondaryStorage offering's use_local_storage option to value:" + useLocalStorage);
                }
            }
        }

        txn.commit();
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_CONFIGURATION_VALUE_EDIT, eventDescription = "updating configuration")
    public Configuration updateConfiguration(UpdateCfgCmd cmd) {
        Long userId = UserContext.current().getCallerUserId();
        String name = cmd.getCfgName();
        String value = cmd.getValue();
        UserContext.current().setEventDetails(" Name: " + name + " New Value: " + (((name.toLowerCase()).contains("password")) ? "*****" :
                (((value == null) ? "" : value))));
        // check if config value exists
        ConfigurationVO config = _configDao.findByName(name);
        if (config == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Config parameter with name " + name + " doesn't exist");
        }

        if (value == null) {
            return _configDao.findByName(name);
        }

        if (value.trim().isEmpty() || value.equals("null")) {
            value = null;
        }

        updateConfiguration(userId, name, config.getCategory(), value);
        String updatedValue = _configDao.getValue(name);
        if ((value == null && updatedValue == null) || updatedValue.equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
            return _configDao.findByName(name);

        } else {
            throw new CloudRuntimeException("Unable to update configuration parameter " + name);
        }
    }

    private String validateConfigurationValue(String name, String value) {

        Config c = Config.getConfig(name);
        if (c == null) {
            s_logger.error("Missing configuration variable " + name + " in configuration table");
            return "Invalid configuration variable.";
        }

        Class<?> type = c.getType();

        if (value == null) {
            if (type.equals(Boolean.class)) {
                return "Please enter either 'true' or 'false'.";
            }
            return null;
        }
        value = value.trim();

        if (type.equals(Boolean.class)) {
            if (!(value.equals("true") || value.equals("false"))) {
                s_logger.error("Configuration variable " + name + " is expecting true or false in stead of " + value);
                return "Please enter either 'true' or 'false'.";
            }
            if (Config.SwiftEnable.key().equals(name)) {
                List<HostVO> hosts = _ssvmMgr.listSecondaryStorageHostsInAllZones();
                if (hosts != null && hosts.size() > 0) {
                    return " can not change " + Config.SwiftEnable.key() + " after you have added secondary storage";
                }
                SwiftVO swift = _swiftDao.findById(1L);
                if (swift != null) {
                    return " can not change " + Config.SwiftEnable.key() + " after you have added Swift";
                }
                if (this._s3Mgr.isS3Enabled()) {
                    return String.format("Swift is not supported when S3 is enabled.");
                }
            }
            if (Config.S3Enable.key().equals(name)) {
                if (this._swiftMgr.isSwiftEnabled()) {
                    return String.format("S3-backed Secondary Storage is not supported when Swift is enabled.");
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        if (type.equals(Integer.class) && configValuesForValidation.contains(name)) {
            try {
                int val = Integer.parseInt(value);
                if (val <= 0) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a positive value for the configuration parameter:" + name);
                }
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                s_logger.error("There was an error trying to parse the integer value for:" + name);
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("There was an error trying to parse the integer value for:" + name);
            }
        }

        String range = c.getRange();
        if (range == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (type.equals(String.class)) {
            if (range.equals("privateip")) {
                try {
                    if (!NetUtils.isSiteLocalAddress(value)) {
                        s_logger.error("privateip range " + value + " is not a site local address for configuration variable " + name);
                        return "Please enter a site local IP address.";
                    }
                } catch (NullPointerException e) {
                    s_logger.error("Error parsing ip address for " + name);
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Error parsing ip address");
                }
            } else if (range.equals("netmask")) {
                if (!NetUtils.isValidNetmask(value)) {
                    s_logger.error("netmask " + value + " is not a valid net mask for configuration variable " + name);
                    return "Please enter a valid netmask.";
                }
            } else if (range.equals("hypervisorList")) {
                String[] hypervisors = value.split(",");
                if (hypervisors == null) {
                    return "Please enter hypervisor list, seperated by comma";
                }
                for (String hypervisor : hypervisors) {
                    if (HypervisorType.getType(hypervisor) == HypervisorType.Any || HypervisorType.getType(hypervisor) == HypervisorType.None) {
                        return "Please enter valid hypervisor type";
                    }
                }
            } else if (range.equalsIgnoreCase("instanceName")) {
                if (!NetUtils.verifyInstanceName(value)) {
                    return "Instance name can not contain hyphen, spaces and plus sign";
                }
            } else {
                String[] options = range.split(",");
                for (String option : options) {
                    if (option.trim().equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
                        return null;
                    }
                }
                s_logger.error("configuration value for " + name + " is invalid");
                return "Please enter : " + range;

            }
        } else if (type.equals(Integer.class)) {
            String[] options = range.split("-");
            if (options.length != 2) {
                String msg = "configuration range " + range + " for " + name + " is invalid";
                s_logger.error(msg);
                return msg;
            }
            int min = Integer.parseInt(options[0]);
            int max = Integer.parseInt(options[1]);
            int val = Integer.parseInt(value);
            if (val < min || val > max) {
                s_logger.error("configuration value for " + name + " is invalid");
                return "Please enter : " + range;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private boolean podHasAllocatedPrivateIPs(long podId) {
        HostPodVO pod = _podDao.findById(podId);
        int count = _privateIpAddressDao.countIPs(podId, pod.getDataCenterId(), true);
        return (count > 0);
    }

    @DB
    protected void checkIfPodIsDeletable(long podId) {
        List<List<String>> tablesToCheck = new ArrayList<List<String>>();

        HostPodVO pod = _podDao.findById(podId);

        // Check if there are allocated private IP addresses in the pod
        if (_privateIpAddressDao.countIPs(podId, pod.getDataCenterId(), true) != 0) {
            throw new CloudRuntimeException("There are private IP addresses allocated for this pod");
        }

        List<String> volumes = new ArrayList<String>();
        volumes.add(0, "volumes");
        volumes.add(1, "pod_id");
        volumes.add(2, "there are storage volumes for this pod");
        tablesToCheck.add(volumes);

        List<String> host = new ArrayList<String>();
        host.add(0, "host");
        host.add(1, "pod_id");
        host.add(2, "there are servers running in this pod");
        tablesToCheck.add(host);

        List<String> vmInstance = new ArrayList<String>();
        vmInstance.add(0, "vm_instance");
        vmInstance.add(1, "pod_id");
        vmInstance.add(2, "there are virtual machines running in this pod");
        tablesToCheck.add(vmInstance);

        List<String> cluster = new ArrayList<String>();
        cluster.add(0, "cluster");
        cluster.add(1, "pod_id");
        cluster.add(2, "there are clusters in this pod");
        tablesToCheck.add(cluster);

        for (List<String> table : tablesToCheck) {
            String tableName = table.get(0);
            String column = table.get(1);
            String errorMsg = table.get(2);

            String dbName;
            if (tableName.equals("event") || tableName.equals("cloud_usage") || tableName.equals("usage_vm_instance") || tableName.equals("usage_ip_address") || tableName.equals("usage_network")
                    || tableName.equals("usage_job") || tableName.equals("account") || tableName.equals("user_statistics")) {
                dbName = "cloud_usage";
            } else {
                dbName = "cloud";
            }

            String selectSql = "SELECT * FROM `" + dbName + "`.`" + tableName + "` WHERE " + column + " = ?";

            if (tableName.equals("host") || tableName.equals("cluster") || tableName.equals("volumes") || tableName.equals("vm_instance")) {
                selectSql += " and removed IS NULL";
            }

            Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
            try {
                PreparedStatement stmt = txn.prepareAutoCloseStatement(selectSql);
                stmt.setLong(1, podId);
                ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
                if (rs != null && rs.next()) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("The pod cannot be deleted because " + errorMsg);
                }
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("The Management Server failed to detect if pod is deletable. Please contact Cloud Support.");
            }
        }
    }

    private void checkPodAttributes(long podId, String podName, long zoneId, String gateway, String cidr, String startIp, String endIp, String allocationStateStr, boolean checkForDuplicates,
            boolean skipGatewayOverlapCheck) {
        if (checkForDuplicates) {
            // Check if the pod already exists
            if (validPod(podName, zoneId)) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("A pod with name: " + podName + " already exists in zone " + zoneId + ". Please specify a different pod name. ");
            }
        }

        String cidrAddress;
        long cidrSize;
        // Get the individual cidrAddress and cidrSize values, if the CIDR is
        // valid. If it's not valid, return an error.
        if (NetUtils.isValidCIDR(cidr)) {
            cidrAddress = getCidrAddress(cidr);
            cidrSize = getCidrSize(cidr);
        } else {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid CIDR for pod: " + podName);
        }

        // Check if the IP range is valid
        if (startIp != null || endIp != null) {
            checkIpRange(startIp, endIp, cidrAddress, cidrSize);
        }

        // Check if the IP range overlaps with the public ip
        checkOverlapPublicIpRange(zoneId, startIp, endIp);

        // Check if the gateway is a valid IP address
        if (!NetUtils.isValidIp(gateway)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The gateway is not a valid IP address.");
        }

        // Check if the gateway is in the CIDR subnet
        if (!NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(gateway, cidrSize).equalsIgnoreCase(NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(cidrAddress, cidrSize))) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The gateway is not in the CIDR subnet.");
        }

        // Don't allow gateway to overlap with start/endIp
        if (!skipGatewayOverlapCheck) {
            if (NetUtils.ipRangesOverlap(startIp, endIp, gateway, gateway)) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The gateway shouldn't overlap start/end ip addresses");
            }
        }

        String checkPodCIDRs = _configDao.getValue("check.pod.cidrs");
        if (checkPodCIDRs == null || checkPodCIDRs.trim().isEmpty() || Boolean.parseBoolean(checkPodCIDRs)) {
            checkPodCidrSubnets(zoneId, podId, cidr);
            /*
             * Commenting out due to Bug 11593 - CIDR conflicts with zone when extending pod but not when creating it
             * 
             * checkCidrVlanOverlap(zoneId, cidr);
             */
        }

        Grouping.AllocationState allocationState = null;
        if (allocationStateStr != null && !allocationStateStr.isEmpty()) {
            try {
                allocationState = Grouping.AllocationState.valueOf(allocationStateStr);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to resolve Allocation State '" + allocationStateStr + "' to a supported state");
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public boolean deletePod(DeletePodCmd cmd) {
        Long podId = cmd.getId();

        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();

        // Make sure the pod exists
        if (!validPod(podId)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("A pod with ID: " + podId + " does not exist.");
        }

        checkIfPodIsDeletable(podId);

        HostPodVO pod = _podDao.findById(podId);

        txn.start();

        // Delete private ip addresses for the pod if there are any
        List<DataCenterIpAddressVO> privateIps = _privateIpAddressDao.listByPodIdDcId(Long.valueOf(podId), pod.getDataCenterId());
        if (!privateIps.isEmpty()) {
            if (!(_privateIpAddressDao.deleteIpAddressByPod(podId))) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to cleanup private ip addresses for pod " + podId);
            }
        }

        // Delete link local ip addresses for the pod
        List<DataCenterLinkLocalIpAddressVO> localIps = _LinkLocalIpAllocDao.listByPodIdDcId(podId, pod.getDataCenterId());
        if (!localIps.isEmpty()) {
            if (!(_LinkLocalIpAllocDao.deleteIpAddressByPod(podId))) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to cleanup private ip addresses for pod " + podId);
            }
        }

        // Delete vlans associated with the pod
        List<? extends Vlan> vlans = _networkModel.listPodVlans(podId);
        if (vlans != null && !vlans.isEmpty()) {
            for (Vlan vlan : vlans) {
                _vlanDao.remove(vlan.getId());
            }
        }

        // Delete corresponding capacity records
        _capacityDao.removeBy(null, null, podId, null, null);

        // Delete the pod
        if (!(_podDao.remove(podId))) {
            throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to delete pod " + podId);
        }

        txn.commit();

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Pod editPod(UpdatePodCmd cmd) {
        return editPod(cmd.getId(), cmd.getPodName(), cmd.getStartIp(), cmd.getEndIp(), cmd.getGateway(), cmd.getNetmask(), cmd.getAllocationState());
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public Pod editPod(long id, String name, String startIp, String endIp, String gateway, String netmask, String allocationStateStr) {

        // verify parameters
        HostPodVO pod = _podDao.findById(id);
        ;
        if (pod == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find pod by id " + id);
        }

        String[] existingPodIpRange = pod.getDescription().split("-");
        String[] leftRangeToAdd = null;
        String[] rightRangeToAdd = null;
        boolean allowToDownsize = false;

        // If the gateway, CIDR, private IP range is being changed, check if the
        // pod has allocated private IP addresses
        if (podHasAllocatedPrivateIPs(id)) {

            if (netmask != null) {
                long newCidr = NetUtils.getCidrSize(netmask);
                long oldCidr = pod.getCidrSize();

                if (newCidr > oldCidr) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("The specified pod has allocated private IP addresses, so its IP address range can be extended only");
                }
            }

            if (startIp != null && !startIp.equals(existingPodIpRange[0])) {
                if (NetUtils.ipRangesOverlap(startIp, null, existingPodIpRange[0], existingPodIpRange[1])) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("The specified pod has allocated private IP addresses, so its IP address range can be extended only");
                } else {
                    leftRangeToAdd = new String[2];
                    long endIpForUpdate = NetUtils.ip2Long(existingPodIpRange[0]) - 1;
                    leftRangeToAdd[0] = startIp;
                    leftRangeToAdd[1] = NetUtils.long2Ip(endIpForUpdate);
                }
            }

            if (endIp != null && !endIp.equals(existingPodIpRange[1])) {
                if (NetUtils.ipRangesOverlap(endIp, endIp, existingPodIpRange[0], existingPodIpRange[1])) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("The specified pod has allocated private IP addresses, so its IP address range can be extended only");
                } else {
                    rightRangeToAdd = new String[2];
                    long startIpForUpdate = NetUtils.ip2Long(existingPodIpRange[1]) + 1;
                    rightRangeToAdd[0] = NetUtils.long2Ip(startIpForUpdate);
                    rightRangeToAdd[1] = endIp;
                }
            }

        } else {
            allowToDownsize = true;
        }

        if (gateway == null) {
            gateway = pod.getGateway();
        }

        if (netmask == null) {
            netmask = NetUtils.getCidrNetmask(pod.getCidrSize());
        }

        String oldPodName = pod.getName();
        if (name == null) {
            name = oldPodName;
        }

        if (gateway == null) {
            gateway = pod.getGateway();
        }

        if (startIp == null) {
            startIp = existingPodIpRange[0];
        }

        if (endIp == null) {
            endIp = existingPodIpRange[1];
        }

        if (allocationStateStr == null) {
            allocationStateStr = pod.getAllocationState().toString();
        }

        // Verify pod's attributes
        String cidr = NetUtils.ipAndNetMaskToCidr(gateway, netmask);
        boolean checkForDuplicates = !oldPodName.equals(name);
        checkPodAttributes(id, name, pod.getDataCenterId(), gateway, cidr, startIp, endIp, allocationStateStr, checkForDuplicates, false);

        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        try {
            txn.start();
            long zoneId = pod.getDataCenterId();

            if (!allowToDownsize) {
                if (leftRangeToAdd != null) {
                    _zoneDao.addPrivateIpAddress(zoneId, pod.getId(), leftRangeToAdd[0], leftRangeToAdd[1]);
                }

                if (rightRangeToAdd != null) {
                    _zoneDao.addPrivateIpAddress(zoneId, pod.getId(), rightRangeToAdd[0], rightRangeToAdd[1]);
                }

            } else {
                // delete the old range
                _zoneDao.deletePrivateIpAddressByPod(pod.getId());

                // add the new one
                if (startIp == null) {
                    startIp = existingPodIpRange[0];
                }

                if (endIp == null) {
                    endIp = existingPodIpRange[1];
                }

                _zoneDao.addPrivateIpAddress(zoneId, pod.getId(), startIp, endIp);
            }

            pod.setName(name);
            pod.setDataCenterId(zoneId);
            pod.setGateway(gateway);
            pod.setCidrAddress(getCidrAddress(cidr));
            pod.setCidrSize(getCidrSize(cidr));

            String ipRange = startIp + "-" + endIp;
            pod.setDescription(ipRange);
            Grouping.AllocationState allocationState = null;
            if (allocationStateStr != null && !allocationStateStr.isEmpty()) {
                allocationState = Grouping.AllocationState.valueOf(allocationStateStr);
                _capacityDao.updateCapacityState(null, pod.getId(), null, null, allocationStateStr);
                pod.setAllocationState(allocationState);
            }

            _podDao.update(id, pod);

            txn.commit();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            s_logger.error("Unable to edit pod due to " + e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to edit pod. Please contact Cloud Support.");
        }

        return pod;
    }

    @Override
    public Pod createPod(long zoneId, String name, String startIp, String endIp, String gateway, String netmask, String allocationState) {
        String cidr = NetUtils.ipAndNetMaskToCidr(gateway, netmask);
        Long userId = UserContext.current().getCallerUserId();

        if (allocationState == null) {
            allocationState = Grouping.AllocationState.Enabled.toString();
        }
        return createPod(userId.longValue(), name, zoneId, gateway, cidr, startIp, endIp, allocationState, false);
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public HostPodVO createPod(long userId, String podName, long zoneId, String gateway, String cidr, String startIp, String endIp, String allocationStateStr, boolean skipGatewayOverlapCheck) {

        // Check if the zone is valid
        if (!validZone(zoneId)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid zone.");
        }

        // Check if zone is disabled
        DataCenterVO zone = _zoneDao.findById(zoneId);
        Account account = UserContext.current().getCaller();
        if (Grouping.AllocationState.Disabled == zone.getAllocationState() && !_accountMgr.isRootAdmin(account.getType())) {
            throw new PermissionDeniedException("Cannot perform this operation, Zone is currently disabled: " + zoneId);
        }

        String cidrAddress = getCidrAddress(cidr);
        int cidrSize = getCidrSize(cidr);

        // endIp is an optional parameter; if not specified - default it to the
        // end ip of the pod's cidr
        if (startIp != null) {
            if (endIp == null) {
                endIp = NetUtils.getIpRangeEndIpFromCidr(cidrAddress, cidrSize);
            }
        }

        // Validate new pod settings
        checkPodAttributes(-1, podName, zoneId, gateway, cidr, startIp, endIp, allocationStateStr, true, skipGatewayOverlapCheck);

        // Create the new pod in the database
        String ipRange;
        if (startIp != null) {
            ipRange = startIp + "-" + endIp;
        } else {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Start ip is required parameter");
        }

        HostPodVO pod = new HostPodVO(podName, zoneId, gateway, cidrAddress, cidrSize, ipRange);

        Grouping.AllocationState allocationState = null;
        if (allocationStateStr != null && !allocationStateStr.isEmpty()) {
            allocationState = Grouping.AllocationState.valueOf(allocationStateStr);
            pod.setAllocationState(allocationState);
        }

        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        txn.start();

        pod = _podDao.persist(pod);

        if (startIp != null) {
            _zoneDao.addPrivateIpAddress(zoneId, pod.getId(), startIp, endIp);
        }

        String[] linkLocalIpRanges = getLinkLocalIPRange();
        if (linkLocalIpRanges != null) {
            _zoneDao.addLinkLocalIpAddress(zoneId, pod.getId(), linkLocalIpRanges[0], linkLocalIpRanges[1]);
        }

        txn.commit();

        return pod;
    }

    @DB
    protected void checkIfZoneIsDeletable(long zoneId) {
        List<List<String>> tablesToCheck = new ArrayList<List<String>>();

        List<String> host = new ArrayList<String>();
        host.add(0, "host");
        host.add(1, "data_center_id");
        host.add(2, "there are servers running in this zone");
        tablesToCheck.add(host);

        List<String> hostPodRef = new ArrayList<String>();
        hostPodRef.add(0, "host_pod_ref");
        hostPodRef.add(1, "data_center_id");
        hostPodRef.add(2, "there are pods in this zone");
        tablesToCheck.add(hostPodRef);

        List<String> privateIP = new ArrayList<String>();
        privateIP.add(0, "op_dc_ip_address_alloc");
        privateIP.add(1, "data_center_id");
        privateIP.add(2, "there are private IP addresses allocated for this zone");
        tablesToCheck.add(privateIP);

        List<String> publicIP = new ArrayList<String>();
        publicIP.add(0, "user_ip_address");
        publicIP.add(1, "data_center_id");
        publicIP.add(2, "there are public IP addresses allocated for this zone");
        tablesToCheck.add(publicIP);

        List<String> vmInstance = new ArrayList<String>();
        vmInstance.add(0, "vm_instance");
        vmInstance.add(1, "data_center_id");
        vmInstance.add(2, "there are virtual machines running in this zone");
        tablesToCheck.add(vmInstance);

        List<String> volumes = new ArrayList<String>();
        volumes.add(0, "volumes");
        volumes.add(1, "data_center_id");
        volumes.add(2, "there are storage volumes for this zone");
        tablesToCheck.add(volumes);

        List<String> physicalNetworks = new ArrayList<String>();
        physicalNetworks.add(0, "physical_network");
        physicalNetworks.add(1, "data_center_id");
        physicalNetworks.add(2, "there are physical networks in this zone");
        tablesToCheck.add(physicalNetworks);

        for (List<String> table : tablesToCheck) {
            String tableName = table.get(0);
            String column = table.get(1);
            String errorMsg = table.get(2);

            String dbName = "cloud";

            String selectSql = "SELECT * FROM `" + dbName + "`.`" + tableName + "` WHERE " + column + " = ?";

            if (tableName.equals("op_dc_vnet_alloc")) {
                selectSql += " AND taken IS NOT NULL";
            }

            if (tableName.equals("user_ip_address")) {
                selectSql += " AND state!='Free'";
            }

            if (tableName.equals("op_dc_ip_address_alloc")) {
                selectSql += " AND taken IS NOT NULL";
            }

            if (tableName.equals("host_pod_ref") || tableName.equals("host") || tableName.equals("volumes") || tableName.equals("physical_network")) {
                selectSql += " AND removed is NULL";
            }

            if (tableName.equals("vm_instance")) {
                selectSql += " AND state != '" + VirtualMachine.State.Expunging.toString() + "'";
            }

            Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
            try {
                PreparedStatement stmt = txn.prepareAutoCloseStatement(selectSql);
                stmt.setLong(1, zoneId);
                ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
                if (rs != null && rs.next()) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("The zone is not deletable because " + errorMsg);
                }
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                throw new CloudRuntimeException("The Management Server failed to detect if zone is deletable. Please contact Cloud Support.");
            }
        }

    }

    private void checkZoneParameters(String zoneName, String dns1, String dns2, String internalDns1, String internalDns2, boolean checkForDuplicates, Long domainId, String allocationStateStr,
    								 String ip6Dns1, String ip6Dns2) {
        if (checkForDuplicates) {
            // Check if a zone with the specified name already exists
            if (validZone(zoneName)) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("A zone with that name already exists. Please specify a unique zone name.");
            }
        }

        // check if valid domain
        if (domainId != null) {
            DomainVO domain = _domainDao.findById(domainId);

            if (domain == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid domain id");
            }
        }

        // Check IP validity for DNS addresses
        // Empty strings is a valid input -- hence the length check
        if (dns1 != null && dns1.length() > 0 && !NetUtils.isValidIp(dns1)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid IP address for DNS1");
        }

        if (dns2 != null && dns2.length() > 0 && !NetUtils.isValidIp(dns2)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid IP address for DNS2");
        }

        if ((internalDns1 != null && internalDns1.length() > 0 && !NetUtils.isValidIp(internalDns1))) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid IP address for internal DNS1");
        }

        if (internalDns2 != null && internalDns2.length() > 0 && !NetUtils.isValidIp(internalDns2)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid IP address for internal DNS2");
        }

        if (ip6Dns1 != null && ip6Dns1.length() > 0 && !NetUtils.isValidIpv6(ip6Dns1)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid IPv6 address for IP6 DNS1");
        }

        if (ip6Dns2 != null && ip6Dns2.length() > 0 && !NetUtils.isValidIpv6(ip6Dns2)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid IPv6 address for IP6 DNS2");
        }

        Grouping.AllocationState allocationState = null;
        if (allocationStateStr != null && !allocationStateStr.isEmpty()) {
            try {
                allocationState = Grouping.AllocationState.valueOf(allocationStateStr);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to resolve Allocation State '" + allocationStateStr + "' to a supported state");
            }
        }
    }

    private void checkIpRange(String startIp, String endIp, String cidrAddress, long cidrSize) {
        if (!NetUtils.isValidIp(startIp)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The start address of the IP range is not a valid IP address.");
        }

        if (endIp != null && !NetUtils.isValidIp(endIp)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The end address of the IP range is not a valid IP address.");
        }

        if (!NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(startIp, cidrSize).equalsIgnoreCase(NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(cidrAddress, cidrSize))) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The start address of the IP range is not in the CIDR subnet.");
        }

        if (endIp != null && !NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(endIp, cidrSize).equalsIgnoreCase(NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(cidrAddress, cidrSize))) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The end address of the IP range is not in the CIDR subnet.");
        }

        if (endIp != null && NetUtils.ip2Long(startIp) > NetUtils.ip2Long(endIp)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The start IP address must have a lower value than the end IP address.");
        }

    }

    private void checkOverlapPublicIpRange(Long zoneId, String startIp, String endIp) {
        long privateStartIp = NetUtils.ip2Long(startIp);
        long privateEndIp = NetUtils.ip2Long(endIp);

        List<IPAddressVO> existingPublicIPs = _publicIpAddressDao.listByDcId(zoneId);
        for (IPAddressVO publicIPVO : existingPublicIPs) {
            long publicIP = NetUtils.ip2Long(publicIPVO.getAddress().addr());
            if ((publicIP >= privateStartIp) && (publicIP <= privateEndIp)) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The Start IP and endIP address range overlap with Public IP :" + publicIPVO.getAddress().addr());
            }
        }
    }

    private void checkOverlapPrivateIpRange(Long zoneId, String startIp, String endIp) {

        List<HostPodVO> podsInZone = _podDao.listByDataCenterId(zoneId);
        for (HostPodVO hostPod : podsInZone) {
            String[] IpRange = hostPod.getDescription().split("-");
            if (IpRange[0] == null || IpRange[1] == null)
                continue;
            if (!NetUtils.isValidIp(IpRange[0]) || !NetUtils.isValidIp(IpRange[1]))
                continue;
            if (NetUtils.ipRangesOverlap(startIp, endIp, IpRange[0], IpRange[1])) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The Start IP and endIP address range overlap with private IP :" + IpRange[0] + ":" + IpRange[1]);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_ZONE_DELETE, eventDescription = "deleting zone", async = false)
    public boolean deleteZone(DeleteZoneCmd cmd) {

        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        boolean success = false;

        Long userId = UserContext.current().getCallerUserId();
        Long zoneId = cmd.getId();

        if (userId == null) {
            userId = Long.valueOf(User.UID_SYSTEM);
        }

        // Make sure the zone exists
        if (!validZone(zoneId)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("A zone with ID: " + zoneId + " does not exist.");
        }

        checkIfZoneIsDeletable(zoneId);

        txn.start();

        // delete vlans for this zone
        List<VlanVO> vlans = _vlanDao.listByZone(zoneId);
        for (VlanVO vlan : vlans) {
            _vlanDao.remove(vlan.getId());
        }

        success = _zoneDao.remove(zoneId);

        if (success) {
            // delete all capacity records for the zone
            _capacityDao.removeBy(null, zoneId, null, null, null);
        }

        txn.commit();

        return success;

    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public boolean removeLDAP(LDAPRemoveCmd cmd) {
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.hostname.toString());
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.port.toString());
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.queryfilter.toString());
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.searchbase.toString());
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.usessl.toString());
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.dn.toString());
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.passwd.toString());
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.truststore.toString());
        _configDao.expunge(LDAPParams.truststorepass.toString());
        return true;
    }


    @Override
    @DB
    public LDAPConfigCmd listLDAPConfig(LDAPConfigCmd cmd) {
        String hostname = _configDao.getValue(LDAPParams.hostname.toString());
        cmd.setHostname(hostname == null ? "" : hostname);
        String port = _configDao.getValue(LDAPParams.port.toString());
        cmd.setPort(port == null ? 0 : Integer.valueOf(port));
        String queryFilter = _configDao.getValue(LDAPParams.queryfilter.toString());
        cmd.setQueryFilter(queryFilter == null ? "" : queryFilter);
        String searchBase =  _configDao.getValue(LDAPParams.searchbase.toString());
        cmd.setSearchBase(searchBase == null ? "" : searchBase);
        String useSSL =  _configDao.getValue(LDAPParams.usessl.toString());
        cmd.setUseSSL(useSSL == null ? Boolean.FALSE : Boolean.valueOf(useSSL));
        String binddn =  _configDao.getValue(LDAPParams.dn.toString());
        cmd.setBindDN(binddn == null ? "" : binddn);
        String truststore =  _configDao.getValue(LDAPParams.truststore.toString());
        cmd.setTrustStore(truststore == null ? "" : truststore);
        return cmd;
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public boolean updateLDAP(LDAPConfigCmd cmd) {
        try {
            // set the ldap details in the zone details table with a zone id of -12
            String hostname = cmd.getHostname();
            Integer port = cmd.getPort();
            String queryFilter = cmd.getQueryFilter();
            String searchBase = cmd.getSearchBase();
            Boolean useSSL = cmd.getUseSSL();
            String bindDN = cmd.getBindDN();
            String bindPasswd = cmd.getBindPassword();
            String trustStore = cmd.getTrustStore();
            String trustStorePassword = cmd.getTrustStorePassword();

            if (bindDN != null && bindPasswd == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("If you specify a bind name then you need to provide bind password too.");
            }

            // check query filter if it contains valid substitution
            if (!queryFilter.contains("%u") && !queryFilter.contains("%n") && !queryFilter.contains("%e")){
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("QueryFilter should contain at least one of the substitutions: %u, %n or %e: " + queryFilter);
            }

            // check if the info is correct
            Hashtable<String, String> env = new Hashtable<String, String>(11);
            env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, "com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapCtxFactory");
            String protocol = "ldap://";
            if (useSSL) {
                env.put(Context.SECURITY_PROTOCOL, "ssl");
                protocol = "ldaps://";
                if (trustStore == null || trustStorePassword == null) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("If you plan to use SSL then you need to configure the trust store.");
                }
                System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", trustStore);
                System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", trustStorePassword);
            }
            env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, protocol + hostname + ":" + port);
            if (bindDN != null && bindPasswd != null) {
                env.put(Context.SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, "simple");
                env.put(Context.SECURITY_PRINCIPAL, bindDN);
                env.put(Context.SECURITY_CREDENTIALS, bindPasswd);
            }
            // Create the initial context
            DirContext ctx = new InitialDirContext(env);
            ctx.close();

            // store the result in DB Configuration
            ConfigurationVO cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.hostname.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.hostname.toString(), null, "Hostname or ip address of the ldap server eg: my.ldap.com");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(hostname));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.port.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.port.toString(), null, "Specify the LDAP port if required, default is 389");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(port.toString()));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.queryfilter.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.queryfilter.toString(), null,
                        "You specify a query filter here, which narrows down the users, who can be part of this domain");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(queryFilter));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.searchbase.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.searchbase.toString(), null,
                        "The search base defines the starting point for the search in the directory tree Example:  dc=cloud,dc=com.");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(searchBase));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.usessl.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.usessl.toString(), null, "Check Use SSL if the external LDAP server is configured for LDAP over SSL.");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(useSSL.toString()));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.dn.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.dn.toString(), null, "Specify the distinguished name of a user with the search permission on the directory");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(bindDN));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.passwd.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.passwd.toString(), null, "Enter the password");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(bindPasswd));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.truststore.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.truststore.toString(), null, "Enter the path to trusted keystore");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(trustStore));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            cvo = _configDao.findByName(LDAPParams.truststorepass.toString());
            if (cvo == null) {
                cvo = new ConfigurationVO("Hidden", "DEFAULT", "management-server", LDAPParams.truststorepass.toString(), null, "Enter the password for trusted keystore");
            }
            cvo.setValue(DBEncryptionUtil.encrypt(trustStorePassword));
            _configDao.persist(cvo);

            s_logger.debug("The ldap server is configured: " + hostname);
        } catch (NamingException ne) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Naming Exception, check you ldap data ! " + ne.getMessage() + (ne.getCause() != null ? ("; Caused by:" + ne.getCause().getMessage()) : ""));
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_ZONE_EDIT, eventDescription = "editing zone", async = false)
    public DataCenter editZone(UpdateZoneCmd cmd) {
        // Parameter validation as from execute() method in V1
        Long zoneId = cmd.getId();
        String zoneName = cmd.getZoneName();
        String dns1 = cmd.getDns1();
        String dns2 = cmd.getDns2();
        String ip6Dns1 = cmd.getIp6Dns1();
        String ip6Dns2 = cmd.getIp6Dns2();
        String internalDns1 = cmd.getInternalDns1();
        String internalDns2 = cmd.getInternalDns2();
        String guestCidr = cmd.getGuestCidrAddress();
        List<String> dnsSearchOrder = cmd.getDnsSearchOrder();
        Boolean isPublic = cmd.isPublic();
        String allocationStateStr = cmd.getAllocationState();
        String dhcpProvider = cmd.getDhcpProvider();
        Map<?, ?> detailsMap = cmd.getDetails();
        String networkDomain = cmd.getDomain();
        Boolean localStorageEnabled = cmd.getLocalStorageEnabled();

        Map<String, String> newDetails = new HashMap<String, String>();
        if (detailsMap != null) {
            Collection<?> zoneDetailsCollection = detailsMap.values();
            Iterator<?> iter = zoneDetailsCollection.iterator();
            while (iter.hasNext()) {
                HashMap<?, ?> detail = (HashMap<?, ?>) iter.next();
                String key = (String) detail.get("key");
                String value = (String) detail.get("value");
                if ((key == null) || (value == null)) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException(
                            "Invalid Zone Detail specified, fields 'key' and 'value' cannot be null, please specify details in the form:  details[0].key=XXX&details[0].value=YYY");
                }
                // validate the zone detail keys are known keys
                /*
                 * if(!ZoneConfig.doesKeyExist(key)){ throw new
                 * InvalidParameterValueException
                 * ("Invalid Zone Detail parameter: "+ key); }
                 */
                newDetails.put(key, value);
            }
        }

        // add the domain prefix list to details if not null
        if (dnsSearchOrder != null) {
            for (String dom : dnsSearchOrder) {
                if (!NetUtils.verifyDomainName(dom)) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException(
                            "Invalid network domain suffixes. Total length shouldn't exceed 190 chars. Each domain label must be between 1 and 63 characters long, can contain ASCII letters 'a' through 'z', the digits '0' through '9', "
                                    + "and the hyphen ('-'); can't start or end with \"-\"");
                }
            }
            newDetails.put(ZoneConfig.DnsSearchOrder.getName(), StringUtils.join(dnsSearchOrder, ","));
        }

        DataCenterVO zone = _zoneDao.findById(zoneId);
        if (zone == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("unable to find zone by id " + zoneId);
        }

        if (zoneName == null) {
            zoneName = zone.getName();
        }

        if ((guestCidr != null) && !NetUtils.validateGuestCidr(guestCidr)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid guest cidr");
        }

        // Make sure the zone exists
        if (!validZone(zoneId)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("A zone with ID: " + zoneId + " does not exist.");
        }

        String oldZoneName = zone.getName();

        if (zoneName == null) {
            zoneName = oldZoneName;
        }

        if (dns1 == null) {
            dns1 = zone.getDns1();
        }

        if (dns2 == null) {
            dns2 = zone.getDns2();
        }

        if (ip6Dns1 == null) {
            ip6Dns1 = zone.getIp6Dns1();
        }

        if (ip6Dns2 == null) {
            ip6Dns2 = zone.getIp6Dns2();
        }

        if (internalDns1 == null) {
            internalDns1 = zone.getInternalDns1();
        }

        if (internalDns2 == null) {
        	internalDns2 = zone.getInternalDns2();
        }
        
        if (guestCidr == null) {
            guestCidr = zone.getGuestNetworkCidr();
        }

        // validate network domain
        if (networkDomain != null && !networkDomain.isEmpty()) {
            if (!NetUtils.verifyDomainName(networkDomain)) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException(
                        "Invalid network domain. Total length shouldn't exceed 190 chars. Each domain label must be between 1 and 63 characters long, can contain ASCII letters 'a' through 'z', the digits '0' through '9', "
                                + "and the hyphen ('-'); can't start or end with \"-\"");
            }
        }

        boolean checkForDuplicates = !zoneName.equals(oldZoneName);
        checkZoneParameters(zoneName, dns1, dns2, internalDns1, internalDns2, checkForDuplicates, null, allocationStateStr, ip6Dns1, ip6Dns2);// not allowing updating domain associated with a zone, once created

        zone.setName(zoneName);
        zone.setDns1(dns1);
        zone.setDns2(dns2);
        zone.setIp6Dns1(ip6Dns1);
        zone.setIp6Dns2(ip6Dns2);
        zone.setInternalDns1(internalDns1);
        zone.setInternalDns2(internalDns2);
        zone.setGuestNetworkCidr(guestCidr);
        if (localStorageEnabled != null) {
            zone.setLocalStorageEnabled(localStorageEnabled.booleanValue());
        }

        if (networkDomain != null) {
            if (networkDomain.isEmpty()) {
                zone.setDomain(null);
            } else {
                zone.setDomain(networkDomain);
            }
        }

        // update a private zone to public; not vice versa
        if (isPublic != null && isPublic) {
            zone.setDomainId(null);
            zone.setDomain(null);
        }

        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        txn.start();

        Map<String, String> updatedDetails = new HashMap<String, String>();
        _zoneDao.loadDetails(zone);
        if (zone.getDetails() != null) {
            updatedDetails.putAll(zone.getDetails());
        }
        updatedDetails.putAll(newDetails);
        zone.setDetails(updatedDetails);

        if (allocationStateStr != null && !allocationStateStr.isEmpty()) {
            Grouping.AllocationState allocationState = Grouping.AllocationState.valueOf(allocationStateStr);

            if (allocationState == Grouping.AllocationState.Enabled) {
                // check if zone has necessary trafficTypes before enabling
                try {
                    PhysicalNetwork mgmtPhyNetwork;
                    if (NetworkType.Advanced == zone.getNetworkType()) {
                        // zone should have a physical network with public and management traffiType
                        _networkModel.getDefaultPhysicalNetworkByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Public);
                        mgmtPhyNetwork = _networkModel.getDefaultPhysicalNetworkByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Management);
                    } else {
                        // zone should have a physical network with management traffiType
                        mgmtPhyNetwork = _networkModel.getDefaultPhysicalNetworkByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Management);
                    }

                    try {
                        _networkModel.getDefaultPhysicalNetworkByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Storage);
                    } catch (InvalidParameterValueException noStorage) {
                        PhysicalNetworkTrafficTypeVO mgmtTraffic = _trafficTypeDao.findBy(mgmtPhyNetwork.getId(), TrafficType.Management);
                        _networkSvc.addTrafficTypeToPhysicalNetwork(mgmtPhyNetwork.getId(), TrafficType.Storage.toString(), mgmtTraffic.getXenNetworkLabel(), mgmtTraffic.getKvmNetworkLabel(),
                                mgmtTraffic.getVmwareNetworkLabel(), mgmtTraffic.getSimulatorNetworkLabel(), mgmtTraffic.getVlan());
                        s_logger.info("No storage traffic type was specified by admin, create default storage traffic on physical network " + mgmtPhyNetwork.getId() + " with same configure of management traffic type");
                    }
                } catch (InvalidParameterValueException ex) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Cannot enable this Zone since: " + ex.getMessage());
                }
            }
            _capacityDao.updateCapacityState(zone.getId(), null, null, null, allocationStateStr);
            zone.setAllocationState(allocationState);
        }

        if (dhcpProvider != null) {
            zone.setDhcpProvider(dhcpProvider);
        }

        if (!_zoneDao.update(zoneId, zone)) {
            throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to edit zone. Please contact Cloud Support.");
        }

        txn.commit();
        return zone;
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public DataCenterVO createZone(long userId, String zoneName, String dns1, String dns2, String internalDns1, String internalDns2, String guestCidr, String domain, Long domainId,
            NetworkType zoneType, String allocationStateStr, String networkDomain, boolean isSecurityGroupEnabled, boolean isLocalStorageEnabled, String ip6Dns1, String ip6Dns2) {

        // checking the following params outside checkzoneparams method as we do
        // not use these params for updatezone
        // hence the method below is generic to check for common params
        if ((guestCidr != null) && !NetUtils.validateGuestCidr(guestCidr)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please enter a valid guest cidr");
        }

        // Validate network domain
        if (networkDomain != null) {
            if (!NetUtils.verifyDomainName(networkDomain)) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException(
                        "Invalid network domain. Total length shouldn't exceed 190 chars. Each domain label must be between 1 and 63 characters long, can contain ASCII letters 'a' through 'z', the digits '0' through '9', "
                                + "and the hyphen ('-'); can't start or end with \"-\"");
            }
        }

        checkZoneParameters(zoneName, dns1, dns2, internalDns1, internalDns2, true, domainId, allocationStateStr, ip6Dns1, ip6Dns2);

        byte[] bytes = (zoneName + System.currentTimeMillis()).getBytes();
        String zoneToken = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(bytes).toString();
        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        try {
            txn.start();
            // Create the new zone in the database
            DataCenterVO zone = new DataCenterVO(zoneName, null, dns1, dns2, internalDns1, internalDns2, guestCidr, domain, domainId, zoneType, zoneToken, networkDomain, isSecurityGroupEnabled, isLocalStorageEnabled, ip6Dns1, ip6Dns2);
            if (allocationStateStr != null && !allocationStateStr.isEmpty()) {
                Grouping.AllocationState allocationState = Grouping.AllocationState.valueOf(allocationStateStr);
                zone.setAllocationState(allocationState);
            } else {
                // Zone will be disabled since 3.0. Admin shoul enable it after physical network and providers setup.
                zone.setAllocationState(Grouping.AllocationState.Disabled);
            }
            zone = _zoneDao.persist(zone);

            // Create default system networks
            createDefaultSystemNetworks(zone.getId());

            _swiftMgr.propagateSwiftTmplteOnZone(zone.getId());
            _s3Mgr.propagateTemplatesToZone(zone);
            txn.commit();
            return zone;
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            txn.rollback();
            s_logger.warn("Exception: ", ex);
            throw new CloudRuntimeException("Fail to create a network");
        } finally {
            txn.close();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void createDefaultSystemNetworks(long zoneId) throws ConcurrentOperationException {
        DataCenterVO zone = _zoneDao.findById(zoneId);
        String networkDomain = null;
        // Create public, management, control and storage networks as a part of
        // the zone creation
        if (zone != null) {
            List<NetworkOfferingVO> ntwkOff = _networkOfferingDao.listSystemNetworkOfferings();

            for (NetworkOfferingVO offering : ntwkOff) {
                DataCenterDeployment plan = new DataCenterDeployment(zone.getId(), null, null, null, null, null);
                NetworkVO userNetwork = new NetworkVO();

                Account systemAccount = _accountDao.findById(Account.ACCOUNT_ID_SYSTEM);

                BroadcastDomainType broadcastDomainType = null;
                if (offering.getTrafficType() == TrafficType.Management) {
                    broadcastDomainType = BroadcastDomainType.Native;
                } else if (offering.getTrafficType() == TrafficType.Control) {
                    broadcastDomainType = BroadcastDomainType.LinkLocal;
                } else if (offering.getTrafficType() == TrafficType.Public) {
                    if ((zone.getNetworkType() == NetworkType.Advanced && !zone.isSecurityGroupEnabled()) || zone.getNetworkType() == NetworkType.Basic) {
                        broadcastDomainType = BroadcastDomainType.Vlan;
                    } else {
                        continue;
                    }
                } else if (offering.getTrafficType() == TrafficType.Guest) {
                    continue;
                }

                userNetwork.setBroadcastDomainType(broadcastDomainType);
                userNetwork.setNetworkDomain(networkDomain);
                _networkMgr.setupNetwork(systemAccount, offering, userNetwork, plan, null, null, false, 
                        Domain.ROOT_DOMAIN, null, null, null);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_ZONE_CREATE, eventDescription = "creating zone", async = false)
    public DataCenter createZone(CreateZoneCmd cmd) {
        // grab parameters from the command
        Long userId = UserContext.current().getCallerUserId();
        String zoneName = cmd.getZoneName();
        String dns1 = cmd.getDns1();
        String dns2 = cmd.getDns2();
        String ip6Dns1 = cmd.getIp6Dns1();
        String ip6Dns2 = cmd.getIp6Dns2();
        String internalDns1 = cmd.getInternalDns1();
        String internalDns2 = cmd.getInternalDns2();
        String guestCidr = cmd.getGuestCidrAddress();
        Long domainId = cmd.getDomainId();
        String type = cmd.getNetworkType();
        Boolean isBasic = false;
        String allocationState = cmd.getAllocationState();
        String networkDomain = cmd.getDomain();
        boolean isSecurityGroupEnabled = cmd.getSecuritygroupenabled();
        boolean isLocalStorageEnabled = cmd.getLocalStorageEnabled();

        if (allocationState == null) {
            allocationState = Grouping.AllocationState.Disabled.toString();
        }

        if (!(type.equalsIgnoreCase(NetworkType.Basic.toString())) && !(type.equalsIgnoreCase(NetworkType.Advanced.toString()))) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid zone type; only Advanced and Basic values are supported");
        } else if (type.equalsIgnoreCase(NetworkType.Basic.toString())) {
            isBasic = true;
        }

        NetworkType zoneType = isBasic ? NetworkType.Basic : NetworkType.Advanced;

        // error out when the parameter specified for Basic zone
        if (zoneType == NetworkType.Basic && guestCidr != null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("guestCidrAddress parameter is not supported for Basic zone");
        }

        DomainVO domainVO = null;

        if (userId == null) {
            userId = User.UID_SYSTEM;
        }

        if (domainId != null) {
            domainVO = _domainDao.findById(domainId);
        }

        if (zoneType == NetworkType.Basic) {
            isSecurityGroupEnabled = true;
        }

        return createZone(userId, zoneName, dns1, dns2, internalDns1, internalDns2, guestCidr, domainVO != null ? domainVO.getName() : null, domainId, zoneType, allocationState, networkDomain,
                isSecurityGroupEnabled, isLocalStorageEnabled, ip6Dns1, ip6Dns2);
    }

    @Override
    public ServiceOffering createServiceOffering(CreateServiceOfferingCmd cmd) {
        Long userId = UserContext.current().getCallerUserId();

        String name = cmd.getServiceOfferingName();
        if ((name == null) || (name.length() == 0)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Failed to create service offering: specify the name that has non-zero length");
        }

        String displayText = cmd.getDisplayText();
        if ((displayText == null) || (displayText.length() == 0)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Failed to create service offering " + name + ": specify the display text that has non-zero length");
        }

        Long cpuNumber = cmd.getCpuNumber();
        if ((cpuNumber == null) || (cpuNumber.intValue() <= 0) || (cpuNumber.intValue() > 2147483647)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Failed to create service offering " + name + ": specify the cpu number value between 1 and 2147483647");
        }

        Long cpuSpeed = cmd.getCpuSpeed();
        if ((cpuSpeed == null) || (cpuSpeed.intValue() <= 0) || (cpuSpeed.intValue() > 2147483647)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Failed to create service offering " + name + ": specify the cpu speed value between 1 and 2147483647");
        }

        Long memory = cmd.getMemory();
        if ((memory == null) || (memory.intValue() < 32) || (memory.intValue() > 2147483647)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Failed to create service offering " + name + ": specify the memory value between 32 and 2147483647 MB");
        }

        // check if valid domain
        if (cmd.getDomainId() != null && _domainDao.findById(cmd.getDomainId()) == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid domain id");
        }

        boolean localStorageRequired = false;
        String storageType = cmd.getStorageType();
        if (storageType != null) {
            if (storageType.equalsIgnoreCase(ServiceOffering.StorageType.local.toString())) {
                localStorageRequired = true;
            } else if (!storageType.equalsIgnoreCase(ServiceOffering.StorageType.shared.toString())) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid storage type " + storageType + " specified, valid types are: 'local' and 'shared'");
            }
        }

        Boolean offerHA = cmd.getOfferHa();
        Boolean limitCpuUse = cmd.GetLimitCpuUse();
        Boolean volatileVm = cmd.getVolatileVm();

        String vmTypeString = cmd.getSystemVmType();
        VirtualMachine.Type vmType = null;
        boolean allowNetworkRate = false;
        if (cmd.getIsSystem()) {
            if (vmTypeString == null || VirtualMachine.Type.DomainRouter.toString().toLowerCase().equals(vmTypeString)) {
                vmType = VirtualMachine.Type.DomainRouter;
                allowNetworkRate = true;
            } else if (VirtualMachine.Type.ConsoleProxy.toString().toLowerCase().equals(vmTypeString)) {
                vmType = VirtualMachine.Type.ConsoleProxy;
            } else if (VirtualMachine.Type.SecondaryStorageVm.toString().toLowerCase().equals(vmTypeString)) {
                vmType = VirtualMachine.Type.SecondaryStorageVm;
            } else {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid systemVmType. Supported types are: " + VirtualMachine.Type.DomainRouter + ", " + VirtualMachine.Type.ConsoleProxy + ", "
                        + VirtualMachine.Type.SecondaryStorageVm);
            }
        } else {
            allowNetworkRate = true;
            ;
        }

        if (cmd.getNetworkRate() != null && !allowNetworkRate) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Network rate can be specified only for non-System offering and system offerings having \"domainrouter\" systemvmtype");
        }

        return createServiceOffering(userId, cmd.getIsSystem(), vmType, cmd.getServiceOfferingName(), cpuNumber.intValue(), memory.intValue(), cpuSpeed.intValue(), cmd.getDisplayText(),
                localStorageRequired, offerHA, limitCpuUse, volatileVm, cmd.getTags(), cmd.getDomainId(), cmd.getHostTag(), cmd.getNetworkRate(), cmd.getDeploymentPlanner());
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_SERVICE_OFFERING_CREATE, eventDescription = "creating service offering")
    public ServiceOfferingVO createServiceOffering(long userId, boolean isSystem, VirtualMachine.Type vm_type, String name, int cpu, int ramSize, int speed, String displayText,
            boolean localStorageRequired, boolean offerHA, boolean limitResourceUse, boolean volatileVm,  String tags, Long domainId, String hostTag, Integer networkRate, String deploymentPlanner) {
        tags = cleanupTags(tags);
        ServiceOfferingVO offering = new ServiceOfferingVO(name, cpu, ramSize, speed, networkRate, null, offerHA, limitResourceUse, volatileVm, displayText, localStorageRequired, false, tags, isSystem, vm_type,
                domainId, hostTag, deploymentPlanner);

        if ((offering = _serviceOfferingDao.persist(offering)) != null) {
            UserContext.current().setEventDetails("Service offering id=" + offering.getId());
            return offering;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_SERVICE_OFFERING_EDIT, eventDescription = "updating service offering")
    public ServiceOffering updateServiceOffering(UpdateServiceOfferingCmd cmd) {
        String displayText = cmd.getDisplayText();
        Long id = cmd.getId();
        String name = cmd.getServiceOfferingName();
        Integer sortKey = cmd.getSortKey();
        Long userId = UserContext.current().getCallerUserId();

        if (userId == null) {
            userId = Long.valueOf(User.UID_SYSTEM);
        }

        // Verify input parameters
        ServiceOffering offeringHandle = getServiceOffering(id);

        if (offeringHandle == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("unable to find service offering " + id);
        }

        boolean updateNeeded = (name != null || displayText != null || sortKey != null);
        if (!updateNeeded) {
            return _serviceOfferingDao.findById(id);
        }

        ServiceOfferingVO offering = _serviceOfferingDao.createForUpdate(id);

        if (name != null) {
            offering.setName(name);
        }

        if (displayText != null) {
            offering.setDisplayText(displayText);
        }

        if (sortKey != null) {
            offering.setSortKey(sortKey);
        }

        // Note: tag editing commented out for now; keeping the code intact,
        // might need to re-enable in next releases
        // if (tags != null)
        // {
        // if (tags.trim().isEmpty() && offeringHandle.getTags() == null)
        // {
        // //no new tags; no existing tags
        // offering.setTagsArray(csvTagsToList(null));
        // }
        // else if (!tags.trim().isEmpty() && offeringHandle.getTags() != null)
        // {
        // //new tags + existing tags
        // List<String> oldTags = csvTagsToList(offeringHandle.getTags());
        // List<String> newTags = csvTagsToList(tags);
        // oldTags.addAll(newTags);
        // offering.setTagsArray(oldTags);
        // }
        // else if(!tags.trim().isEmpty())
        // {
        // //new tags; NO existing tags
        // offering.setTagsArray(csvTagsToList(tags));
        // }
        // }

        if (_serviceOfferingDao.update(id, offering)) {
            offering = _serviceOfferingDao.findById(id);
            UserContext.current().setEventDetails("Service offering id=" + offering.getId());
            return offering;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_DISK_OFFERING_CREATE, eventDescription = "creating disk offering")
    public DiskOfferingVO createDiskOffering(Long domainId, String name, String description, Long numGibibytes, String tags, boolean isCustomized, boolean localStorageRequired) {
        long diskSize = 0;// special case for custom disk offerings
        if (numGibibytes != null && (numGibibytes <= 0)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a disk size of at least 1 Gb.");
        } else if (numGibibytes != null && (numGibibytes > _maxVolumeSizeInGb)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The maximum size for a disk is " + _maxVolumeSizeInGb + " Gb.");
        }

        if (numGibibytes != null) {
            diskSize = numGibibytes * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
        }

        if (diskSize == 0) {
            isCustomized = true;
        }

        tags = cleanupTags(tags);
        DiskOfferingVO newDiskOffering = new DiskOfferingVO(domainId, name, description, diskSize, tags, isCustomized);
        newDiskOffering.setUseLocalStorage(localStorageRequired);
        UserContext.current().setEventDetails("Disk offering id=" + newDiskOffering.getId());
        DiskOfferingVO offering = _diskOfferingDao.persist(newDiskOffering);
        if (offering != null) {
            UserContext.current().setEventDetails("Disk offering id=" + newDiskOffering.getId());
            return offering;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public DiskOffering createDiskOffering(CreateDiskOfferingCmd cmd) {
        String name = cmd.getOfferingName();
        String description = cmd.getDisplayText();
        Long numGibibytes = cmd.getDiskSize();
        boolean isCustomized = cmd.isCustomized() != null ? cmd.isCustomized() : false; // false
                                                                                        // by
                                                                                        // default
        String tags = cmd.getTags();
        // Long domainId = cmd.getDomainId() != null ? cmd.getDomainId() :
        // Long.valueOf(DomainVO.ROOT_DOMAIN); // disk offering
        // always gets created under the root domain.Bug # 6055 if not passed in
        // cmd
        Long domainId = cmd.getDomainId();

        if (!isCustomized && numGibibytes == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Disksize is required for non-customized disk offering");
        }

        boolean localStorageRequired = false;
        String storageType = cmd.getStorageType();
        if (storageType != null) {
            if (storageType.equalsIgnoreCase(ServiceOffering.StorageType.local.toString())) {
                localStorageRequired = true;
            } else if (!storageType.equalsIgnoreCase(ServiceOffering.StorageType.shared.toString())) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid storage type " + storageType + " specified, valid types are: 'local' and 'shared'");
            }
        }

        return createDiskOffering(domainId, name, description, numGibibytes, tags, isCustomized, localStorageRequired);
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_DISK_OFFERING_EDIT, eventDescription = "updating disk offering")
    public DiskOffering updateDiskOffering(UpdateDiskOfferingCmd cmd) {
        Long diskOfferingId = cmd.getId();
        String name = cmd.getDiskOfferingName();
        String displayText = cmd.getDisplayText();
        Integer sortKey = cmd.getSortKey();

        // Check if diskOffering exists
        DiskOffering diskOfferingHandle = getDiskOffering(diskOfferingId);

        if (diskOfferingHandle == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find disk offering by id " + diskOfferingId);
        }

        boolean updateNeeded = (name != null || displayText != null || sortKey != null);
        if (!updateNeeded) {
            return _diskOfferingDao.findById(diskOfferingId);
        }

        DiskOfferingVO diskOffering = _diskOfferingDao.createForUpdate(diskOfferingId);

        if (name != null) {
            diskOffering.setName(name);
        }

        if (displayText != null) {
            diskOffering.setDisplayText(displayText);
        }

        if (sortKey != null) {
            diskOffering.setSortKey(sortKey);
        }

        // Note: tag editing commented out for now;keeping the code intact,
        // might need to re-enable in next releases
        // if (tags != null)
        // {
        // if (tags.trim().isEmpty() && diskOfferingHandle.getTags() == null)
        // {
        // //no new tags; no existing tags
        // diskOffering.setTagsArray(csvTagsToList(null));
        // }
        // else if (!tags.trim().isEmpty() && diskOfferingHandle.getTags() !=
        // null)
        // {
        // //new tags + existing tags
        // List<String> oldTags = csvTagsToList(diskOfferingHandle.getTags());
        // List<String> newTags = csvTagsToList(tags);
        // oldTags.addAll(newTags);
        // diskOffering.setTagsArray(oldTags);
        // }
        // else if(!tags.trim().isEmpty())
        // {
        // //new tags; NO existing tags
        // diskOffering.setTagsArray(csvTagsToList(tags));
        // }
        // }

        if (_diskOfferingDao.update(diskOfferingId, diskOffering)) {
            UserContext.current().setEventDetails("Disk offering id=" + diskOffering.getId());
            return _diskOfferingDao.findById(diskOfferingId);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_DISK_OFFERING_DELETE, eventDescription = "deleting disk offering")
    public boolean deleteDiskOffering(DeleteDiskOfferingCmd cmd) {
        Long diskOfferingId = cmd.getId();

        DiskOffering offering = getDiskOffering(diskOfferingId);

        if (offering == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find disk offering by id " + diskOfferingId);
        }

        if (_diskOfferingDao.remove(diskOfferingId)) {
            UserContext.current().setEventDetails("Disk offering id=" + diskOfferingId);
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_SERVICE_OFFERING_DELETE, eventDescription = "deleting service offering")
    public boolean deleteServiceOffering(DeleteServiceOfferingCmd cmd) {

        Long offeringId = cmd.getId();
        Long userId = UserContext.current().getCallerUserId();

        if (userId == null) {
            userId = Long.valueOf(User.UID_SYSTEM);
        }

        // Verify service offering id
        ServiceOffering offering = getServiceOffering(offeringId);
        if (offering == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("unable to find service offering " + offeringId);
        }

        if (offering.getDefaultUse()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Default service offerings cannot be deleted");
        }

        if (_serviceOfferingDao.remove(offeringId)) {
            UserContext.current().setEventDetails("Service offering id=" + offeringId);
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_VLAN_IP_RANGE_CREATE, eventDescription = "creating vlan ip range", async = false)
    public Vlan createVlanAndPublicIpRange(CreateVlanIpRangeCmd cmd) throws InsufficientCapacityException, ConcurrentOperationException, ResourceUnavailableException, ResourceAllocationException {
        Long zoneId = cmd.getZoneId();
        Long podId = cmd.getPodId();
        String startIP = cmd.getStartIp();
        String endIP = cmd.getEndIp();
        String vlanGateway = cmd.getGateway();
        String vlanNetmask = cmd.getNetmask();
        Long userId = UserContext.current().getCallerUserId();
        String vlanId = cmd.getVlan();
        Boolean forVirtualNetwork = cmd.isForVirtualNetwork();
        Long networkId = cmd.getNetworkID();
        Long physicalNetworkId = cmd.getPhysicalNetworkId();
        String accountName = cmd.getAccountName();
        Long projectId = cmd.getProjectId();
        Long domainId = cmd.getDomainId();
        String startIPv6 = cmd.getStartIpv6();
        String endIPv6 = cmd.getEndIpv6();
        String ip6Gateway = cmd.getIp6Gateway();
        String ip6Cidr = cmd.getIp6Cidr();
        
        Account vlanOwner = null;
        
        boolean ipv4 = (startIP != null);
        boolean ipv6 = (startIPv6 != null);

        if (!ipv4 && !ipv6) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("StartIP or StartIPv6 is missing in the parameters!");
        }

        if (ipv4) {
            // if end ip is not specified, default it to startIp
            if (endIP == null && startIP != null) {
                endIP = startIP;
            }
        }

        if (ipv6) {
            // if end ip is not specified, default it to startIp
            if (endIPv6 == null && startIPv6 != null) {
                endIPv6 = startIPv6;
            }
        }

        if (projectId != null) {
            if (accountName != null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Account and projectId are mutually exclusive");
            }
            Project project = _projectMgr.getProject(projectId);
            if (project == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find project by id " + projectId);
            }

            vlanOwner = _accountMgr.getAccount(project.getProjectAccountId());
        }

        if ((accountName != null) && (domainId != null)) {
            vlanOwner = _accountDao.findActiveAccount(accountName, domainId);
            if (vlanOwner == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid account.");
            }
        }

        // Verify that network exists
        Network network = null;
        if (networkId != null) {
            network = _networkDao.findById(networkId);
            if (network == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find network by id " + networkId);
            } else {
                zoneId = network.getDataCenterId();
                physicalNetworkId = network.getPhysicalNetworkId();
            }
        } else if (ipv6) {
        	throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only support IPv6 on extending existed network");
        }
        
        // Verify that zone exists
        DataCenterVO zone = _zoneDao.findById(zoneId);
        if (zone == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find zone by id " + zoneId);
        }

        if (ipv6) {
        	if (network.getGuestType() != GuestType.Shared || zone.isSecurityGroupEnabled()) {
        		throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only support IPv6 on extending existed share network without SG");
        	}
        }
        // verify that physical network exists
        PhysicalNetworkVO pNtwk = null;
        if (physicalNetworkId != null) {
            pNtwk = _physicalNetworkDao.findById(physicalNetworkId);
            if (pNtwk == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find Physical Network with id=" + physicalNetworkId);
            }
            if (zoneId == null) {
                zoneId = pNtwk.getDataCenterId();
            }
        } else {
            if (zoneId == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("");
            }
            // deduce physicalNetworkFrom Zone or Network.
            if (network != null && network.getPhysicalNetworkId() != null) {
                physicalNetworkId = network.getPhysicalNetworkId();
            } else {
                if (forVirtualNetwork) {
                    // default physical network with public traffic in the zone
                    physicalNetworkId = _networkModel.getDefaultPhysicalNetworkByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Public).getId();
                } else {
                    if (zone.getNetworkType() == DataCenter.NetworkType.Basic) {
                        // default physical network with guest traffic in the zone
                        physicalNetworkId = _networkModel.getDefaultPhysicalNetworkByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Guest).getId();
                    } else if (zone.getNetworkType() == DataCenter.NetworkType.Advanced) {
                        if (zone.isSecurityGroupEnabled()) {
                            physicalNetworkId = _networkModel.getDefaultPhysicalNetworkByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Guest).getId();
                        } else {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Physical Network Id is null, please provide the Network id for Direct vlan creation ");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        
        // Check if zone is enabled
        Account caller = UserContext.current().getCaller();
        if (Grouping.AllocationState.Disabled == zone.getAllocationState() && !_accountMgr.isRootAdmin(caller.getType())) {
            throw new PermissionDeniedException("Cannot perform this operation, Zone is currently disabled: " + zoneId);
        } 

        if (zone.isSecurityGroupEnabled() && zone.getNetworkType() != DataCenter.NetworkType.Basic && forVirtualNetwork) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't add virtual ip range into a zone with security group enabled");
        }
        
        // If networkId is not specified, and vlan is Virtual or Direct Untagged, try to locate default networks
        if (forVirtualNetwork) {
            if (network == null) {
                // find default public network in the zone
                networkId = _networkModel.getSystemNetworkByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Public).getId();
                network = _networkModel.getNetwork(networkId);
            } else if (network.getGuestType() != null || network.getTrafficType() != TrafficType.Public) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't find Public network by id=" + networkId);
            }
        } else {
            if (network == null) {
                if (zone.getNetworkType() == DataCenter.NetworkType.Basic) {
                    networkId = _networkModel.getExclusiveGuestNetwork(zoneId).getId();
                    network = _networkModel.getNetwork(networkId);
                } else {
                    network = _networkModel.getNetworkWithSecurityGroupEnabled(zoneId);
                    if (network == null) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Nework id is required for Direct vlan creation ");
                    }
                    networkId = network.getId();
                    zoneId = network.getDataCenterId();
                }
            } else if (network.getGuestType() == null || network.getGuestType() == Network.GuestType.Isolated) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't create direct vlan for network id=" + networkId + " with type: " + network.getGuestType());
            }
        }

        // Can add vlan range only to the network which allows it
        if (!network.getSpecifyIpRanges()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Network " + network + " doesn't support adding ip ranges");
        }

        if ( zone.getNetworkType() == DataCenter.NetworkType.Advanced ) {
            if (network.getTrafficType() == TrafficType.Guest) {
                if (network.getGuestType() != GuestType.Shared) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can execute createVLANIpRanges on shared guest network, but type of this guest network "
                            + network.getId() + " is " + network.getGuestType());
                }
                List<VlanVO> vlans = _vlanDao.listVlansByNetworkId(network.getId());
                if ( vlans != null && vlans.size() > 0 ) {
                    VlanVO vlan = vlans.get(0);
                    if ( vlanId == null ) {
                        vlanId = vlan.getVlanTag();
                    } else if ( vlan.getVlanTag() != vlanId ) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("there is already one vlan " + vlan.getVlanTag() + " on network :" +
                                + network.getId() + ", only one vlan is allowed on guest network");
                    }
                    if (ipv4) {
                        vlanGateway = vlan.getVlanGateway();
                        vlanNetmask = vlan.getVlanNetmask();
                        // Check if ip addresses are in network range
                        if (!NetUtils.sameSubnet(startIP, vlanGateway, vlanNetmask)) {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Start ip is not in vlan range!");
                        }
                        if (!NetUtils.sameSubnet(endIP, vlanGateway, vlanNetmask)) {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("End ip is not in vlan range!");
                        }
                    }
                    if (ipv6) {
                        if (ip6Gateway != null && !ip6Gateway.equals(network.getIp6Gateway())) {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The input gateway " + ip6Gateway + " is not same as network gateway " + network.getIp6Gateway());
                        }
                        if (ip6Cidr != null && !ip6Cidr.equals(network.getIp6Cidr())) {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The input cidr " + ip6Cidr + " is not same as network ciddr " + network.getIp6Cidr());
                        }
                        ip6Gateway = network.getIp6Gateway();
                        ip6Cidr = network.getIp6Cidr();
                        _networkModel.checkIp6Parameters(startIPv6, endIPv6, ip6Gateway, ip6Cidr);
                    }
                }
            } else if (network.getTrafficType() == TrafficType.Management) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Cannot execute createVLANIpRanges on management network");
            }
        }

        if (zoneId == null || (ipv4 && (vlanGateway == null || vlanNetmask == null)) || (ipv6 && (ip6Gateway == null || ip6Cidr == null))) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Gateway, netmask and zoneId have to be passed in for virtual and direct untagged networks");
        }

        if (forVirtualNetwork) {
            if (vlanOwner != null) {

                long accountIpRange = NetUtils.ip2Long(endIP) - NetUtils.ip2Long(startIP) + 1;

                //check resource limits
                _resourceLimitMgr.checkResourceLimit(vlanOwner, ResourceType.public_ip, accountIpRange);
            }
        }

        // Check if the IP range overlaps with the private ip
        if (ipv4) {
        	checkOverlapPrivateIpRange(zoneId, startIP, endIP);
        }
        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        txn.start();

        Vlan vlan = createVlanAndPublicIpRange(zoneId, networkId, physicalNetworkId, forVirtualNetwork, podId, startIP, 
                endIP, vlanGateway, vlanNetmask, vlanId, vlanOwner, startIPv6, endIPv6, ip6Gateway, ip6Cidr);

        txn.commit();

        return vlan;
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public Vlan createVlanAndPublicIpRange(long zoneId, long networkId, long physicalNetworkId, boolean forVirtualNetwork, Long podId, 
            String startIP, String endIP, String vlanGateway, String vlanNetmask,
            String vlanId, Account vlanOwner, String startIPv6, String endIPv6, String vlanIp6Gateway, String vlanIp6Cidr) {
        Network network = _networkModel.getNetwork(networkId);
        
        boolean ipv4 = false, ipv6 = false;
        
        if (startIP != null) {
        	ipv4 = true;
        }
        
        if (startIPv6 != null) {
        	ipv6 = true;
        }
        
        if (!ipv4 && !ipv6) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify IPv4 or IPv6 address.");
        }
        
        //Validate the zone
        DataCenterVO zone = _zoneDao.findById(zoneId);
        if (zone == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid zone.");
        }
        
        // ACL check
        checkZoneAccess(UserContext.current().getCaller(), zone);
        
        //Validate the physical network
        if (_physicalNetworkDao.findById(physicalNetworkId) == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid physical network id");
        }
        
        //Validate the pod
        if (podId != null) {
            Pod pod = _podDao.findById(podId);
            if (pod == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid pod.");
            }
            if (pod.getDataCenterId() != zoneId) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Pod id=" + podId + " doesn't belong to zone id=" + zoneId);
            }
            //pod vlans can be created in basic zone only
            if (zone.getNetworkType() != NetworkType.Basic || network.getTrafficType() != TrafficType.Guest) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Pod id can be specified only for the networks of type " 
                                                        + TrafficType.Guest + " in zone of type " + NetworkType.Basic);                  
            }
        }
        
        //1) if vlan is specified for the guest network range, it should be the same as network's vlan
        //2) if vlan is missing, default it to the guest network's vlan
        if (network.getTrafficType() == TrafficType.Guest) {
            String networkVlanId = null;
            URI uri = network.getBroadcastUri();
            if (uri != null) {
                String[] vlan = uri.toString().split("vlan:\\/\\/");
                networkVlanId = vlan[1];
            }
            
            if (vlanId != null) {
                // if vlan is specified, throw an error if it's not equal to network's vlanId
                if (networkVlanId != null && !networkVlanId.equalsIgnoreCase(vlanId)) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Vlan doesn't match vlan of the network");
                }
            } else {
                vlanId = networkVlanId;
            }
        } else if (network.getTrafficType() == TrafficType.Public && vlanId == null) {
            //vlan id is required for public network
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Vlan id is required when add ip range to the public network");
        }
        
        if (vlanId == null) {
            vlanId = Vlan.UNTAGGED;
        }

        VlanType vlanType = forVirtualNetwork ? VlanType.VirtualNetwork : VlanType.DirectAttached;
        
        
        if (vlanOwner != null && zone.getNetworkType() != NetworkType.Advanced) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Vlan owner can be defined only in the zone of type " + NetworkType.Advanced);
        }

        if (ipv4) {
        	// Make sure the gateway is valid
        	if (!NetUtils.isValidIp(vlanGateway)) {
        		throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid gateway");
        	}

        	// Make sure the netmask is valid
        	if (!NetUtils.isValidIp(vlanNetmask)) {
        		throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid netmask");
        	}
        }
        
        if (ipv6) {
        	if (!NetUtils.isValidIpv6(vlanIp6Gateway)) {
        		throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid IPv6 gateway");
        	}
        	if (!NetUtils.isValidIp6Cidr(vlanIp6Cidr)) {
        		throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid IPv6 CIDR");
        	}
        }

        if (ipv4) {
        	String newVlanSubnet = NetUtils.getSubNet(vlanGateway, vlanNetmask);

        	// Check if the new VLAN's subnet conflicts with the guest network in
        	// the specified zone (guestCidr is null for basic zone)
        	String guestNetworkCidr = zone.getGuestNetworkCidr();
        	if (guestNetworkCidr != null) {
        		String[] cidrPair = guestNetworkCidr.split("\\/");
        		String guestIpNetwork = NetUtils.getIpRangeStartIpFromCidr(cidrPair[0], Long.parseLong(cidrPair[1]));
        		long guestCidrSize = Long.parseLong(cidrPair[1]);
        		long vlanCidrSize = NetUtils.getCidrSize(vlanNetmask);

        		long cidrSizeToUse = -1;
        		if (vlanCidrSize < guestCidrSize) {
        			cidrSizeToUse = vlanCidrSize;
        		} else {
        			cidrSizeToUse = guestCidrSize;
        		}

        		String guestSubnet = NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(guestIpNetwork, cidrSizeToUse);

        		if (newVlanSubnet.equals(guestSubnet)) {
        			throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The new IP range you have specified has the same subnet as the guest network in zone: " + zone.getName()
        					+ ". Please specify a different gateway/netmask.");
        		}
        	}

        	// Check if there are any errors with the IP range
        	checkPublicIpRangeErrors(zoneId, vlanId, vlanGateway, vlanNetmask, startIP, endIP);

        	// Throw an exception if any of the following is true:
        	// 1. Another VLAN in the same zone has a different tag but the same
        	// subnet as the new VLAN. Make an exception for the
        	// case when both vlans are Direct.
        	// 2. Another VLAN in the same zone that has the same tag and subnet as
        	// the new VLAN has IPs that overlap with the IPs
        	// being added
        	// 3. Another VLAN in the same zone that has the same tag and subnet as
        	// the new VLAN has a different gateway than the
        	// new VLAN
        	// 4. If VLAN is untagged and Virtual, and there is existing UNTAGGED
        	// vlan with different subnet
        	List<VlanVO> vlans = _vlanDao.listByZone(zone.getId());
        	for (VlanVO vlan : vlans) {
        		String otherVlanGateway = vlan.getVlanGateway();
        		// Continue if it's not IPv4 
        		if (otherVlanGateway == null) {
        			continue;
        		}
        		String otherVlanSubnet = NetUtils.getSubNet(vlan.getVlanGateway(), vlan.getVlanNetmask());
        		String[] otherVlanIpRange = vlan.getIpRange().split("\\-");
        		String otherVlanStartIP = otherVlanIpRange[0];
        		String otherVlanEndIP = null;
        		if (otherVlanIpRange.length > 1) {
        			otherVlanEndIP = otherVlanIpRange[1];
        		}

        		if (forVirtualNetwork && !vlanId.equals(vlan.getVlanTag()) && newVlanSubnet.equals(otherVlanSubnet) && !allowIpRangeOverlap(vlan, forVirtualNetwork, networkId)) {
        			throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The IP range with tag: " + vlan.getVlanTag() + " in zone " + zone.getName()
        					+ " has the same subnet. Please specify a different gateway/netmask.");
        		}

        		boolean vlansUntaggedAndVirtual = (vlanId.equals(Vlan.UNTAGGED) && vlanId.equals(vlan.getVlanTag()) && forVirtualNetwork && vlan.getVlanType() == VlanType.VirtualNetwork);

        		if (vlansUntaggedAndVirtual && !newVlanSubnet.equals(otherVlanSubnet)) {
        			throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The Untagged ip range with different subnet already exists in zone " + zone.getId());
        		}

        		if (vlanId.equals(vlan.getVlanTag()) && newVlanSubnet.equals(otherVlanSubnet)) {
        			if (NetUtils.ipRangesOverlap(startIP, endIP, otherVlanStartIP, otherVlanEndIP)) {
        				throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The IP range with tag: " + vlan.getVlanTag()
        						+ " already has IPs that overlap with the new range. Please specify a different start IP/end IP.");
        			}

        			if (!vlanGateway.equals(otherVlanGateway)) {
        				throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The IP range with tag: " + vlan.getVlanTag() + " has already been added with gateway " + otherVlanGateway
        						+ ". Please specify a different tag.");
        			}
        		}
        	}
        }
        
        String ipv6Range = null;
        if (ipv6) {
        	ipv6Range = startIPv6;
        	if (endIPv6 != null) {
        		ipv6Range += "-" + endIPv6;
        	}
        	
        	List<VlanVO> vlans = _vlanDao.listByZone(zone.getId());
        	for (VlanVO vlan : vlans) {
        		if (vlan.getIp6Gateway() == null) {
        			continue;
        		}
        		if (vlanId.equals(vlan.getVlanTag())) {
        			if (NetUtils.isIp6RangeOverlap(ipv6Range, vlan.getIp6Range())) {
        				throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The IPv6 range with tag: " + vlan.getVlanTag()
        						+ " already has IPs that overlap with the new range. Please specify a different start IP/end IP.");
        			}

        			if (!vlanIp6Gateway.equals(vlan.getIp6Gateway())) {
        				throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The IP range with tag: " + vlan.getVlanTag() + " has already been added with gateway " + vlan.getIp6Gateway()
        						+ ". Please specify a different tag.");
        			}
        		}
        	}
        }

        // Check if a guest VLAN is using the same tag
        if (_zoneDao.findVnet(zoneId, physicalNetworkId, vlanId).size() > 0) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The VLAN tag " + vlanId + " is already being used for the guest network in zone " + zone.getName());
        }

        // For untagged vlan check if vlan per pod already exists. If yes,
        // verify that new vlan range has the same netmask and gateway
        if (zone.getNetworkType() == NetworkType.Basic && vlanId.equalsIgnoreCase(Vlan.UNTAGGED) && podId != null) {
            List<VlanVO> podVlans = _vlanDao.listVlansForPodByType(podId, VlanType.DirectAttached);
            if (podVlans != null && !podVlans.isEmpty()) {
                VlanVO podVlan = podVlans.get(0);
                if (!podVlan.getVlanNetmask().equals(vlanNetmask)) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Vlan netmask is different from the netmask of Untagged vlan id=" + podVlan.getId() + " existing in the pod " + podId);
                } else if (!podVlan.getVlanGateway().equals(vlanGateway)) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Vlan gateway is different from the gateway of Untagged vlan id=" + podVlan.getId() + " existing in the pod " + podId);
                }
            }
        }

        String ipRange = null;
        
        if (ipv4) {
        	ipRange = startIP;
        	if (endIP != null) {
        		ipRange += "-" + endIP;
        	}
        }
        
        // Everything was fine, so persist the VLAN
        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        txn.start();

        VlanVO vlan = new VlanVO(vlanType, vlanId, vlanGateway, vlanNetmask, zone.getId(), ipRange, networkId, physicalNetworkId, vlanIp6Gateway, vlanIp6Cidr, ipv6Range);
        s_logger.debug("Saving vlan range " + vlan);
        vlan = _vlanDao.persist(vlan);

        // IPv6 use a used ip map, is different from ipv4, no need to save public ip range
        if (ipv4) {
        	if (!savePublicIPRange(startIP, endIP, zoneId, vlan.getId(), networkId, physicalNetworkId)) {
        		throw new CloudRuntimeException("Failed to save IPv4 range. Please contact Cloud Support."); 
        	}
        }

        if (vlanOwner != null) {
            // This VLAN is account-specific, so create an AccountVlanMapVO entry
            AccountVlanMapVO accountVlanMapVO = new AccountVlanMapVO(vlanOwner.getId(), vlan.getId());
            _accountVlanMapDao.persist(accountVlanMapVO);
        } else if (podId != null) {
            // This VLAN is pod-wide, so create a PodVlanMapVO entry
            PodVlanMapVO podVlanMapVO = new PodVlanMapVO(podId, vlan.getId());
            _podVlanMapDao.persist(podVlanMapVO);
        }

        txn.commit();

        return vlan;
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public boolean deleteVlanAndPublicIpRange(long userId, long vlanDbId, Account caller) {
        VlanVO vlan = _vlanDao.findById(vlanDbId);
        if (vlan == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid IP range id.");
        }
        
        boolean isAccountSpecific = false;
        List<AccountVlanMapVO> acctVln = _accountVlanMapDao.listAccountVlanMapsByVlan(vlan.getId());
        // Check for account wide pool. It will have an entry for account_vlan_map.
        if (acctVln != null && !acctVln.isEmpty()) {
            isAccountSpecific = true;
        }

        // Check if the VLAN has any allocated public IPs
        long allocIpCount = _publicIpAddressDao.countIPs(vlan.getDataCenterId(), vlanDbId, true);
        boolean success = true;
        if (allocIpCount > 0) {
            if (isAccountSpecific) { 
                try {
                    vlan = _vlanDao.acquireInLockTable(vlanDbId, 30);
                    if (vlan == null) {
                        throw new CloudRuntimeException("Unable to acquire vlan configuration: " + vlanDbId);
                    }
                    
                    if (s_logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        s_logger.debug("lock vlan " + vlanDbId + " is acquired");
                    }
                    
                    List<IPAddressVO> ips = _publicIpAddressDao.listByVlanId(vlanDbId);
                    
                    for (IPAddressVO ip : ips) {
                        if (ip.isOneToOneNat()) {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't delete account specific vlan " + vlanDbId + 
                                    " as ip " + ip + " belonging to the range is used for static nat purposes. Cleanup the rules first");
                        }
                        
                        if (ip.isSourceNat() && _networkModel.getNetwork(ip.getAssociatedWithNetworkId()) != null) {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't delete account specific vlan " + vlanDbId + 
                                    " as ip " + ip + " belonging to the range is a source nat ip for the network id=" + ip.getSourceNetworkId() + 
                                    ". IP range with the source nat ip address can be removed either as a part of Network, or account removal");
                        }
                        
                        if (_firewallDao.countRulesByIpId(ip.getId()) > 0) {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't delete account specific vlan " + vlanDbId + 
                                    " as ip " + ip + " belonging to the range has firewall rules applied. Cleanup the rules first");
                        }
                        //release public ip address here
                        success = success && _networkMgr.disassociatePublicIpAddress(ip.getId(), userId, caller);
                    }
                    if (!success) {
                        s_logger.warn("Some ip addresses failed to be released as a part of vlan " + vlanDbId + " removal");
                    }
                } finally {
                    _vlanDao.releaseFromLockTable(vlanDbId);
                } 
            } else {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The IP range can't be deleted because it has allocated public IP addresses.");
            }
        }

        if (success) {
            // Delete all public IPs in the VLAN
            if (!deletePublicIPRange(vlanDbId)) {
                return false;
            }

            // Delete the VLAN
            return _vlanDao.expunge(vlanDbId);
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_VLAN_IP_RANGE_DEDICATE, eventDescription = "dedicating vlan ip range", async = false)
    public Vlan dedicatePublicIpRange(DedicatePublicIpRangeCmd cmd) throws ResourceAllocationException {
        Long vlanDbId = cmd.getId();
        String accountName = cmd.getAccountName();
        Long domainId = cmd.getDomainId();
        Long projectId = cmd.getProjectId();

        // Check if account is valid
        Account vlanOwner = null;
        if (projectId != null) {
            if (accountName != null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("accountName and projectId are mutually exclusive");
            }
            Project project = _projectMgr.getProject(projectId);
            if (project == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find project by id " + projectId);
            }
            vlanOwner = _accountMgr.getAccount(project.getProjectAccountId());
        }

        if ((accountName != null) && (domainId != null)) {
            vlanOwner = _accountDao.findActiveAccount(accountName, domainId);
            if (vlanOwner == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid account");
            }
        }

        // Check if range is valid
        VlanVO vlan = _vlanDao.findById(vlanDbId);
        if (vlan == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid Public IP range id");
        }

        // Check if range has already been dedicated
        List<AccountVlanMapVO> maps = _accountVlanMapDao.listAccountVlanMapsByVlan(vlanDbId);
        if (maps != null && !maps.isEmpty()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Specified Public IP range has already been dedicated");
        }

        // Verify that zone exists and is advanced
        Long zoneId = vlan.getDataCenterId();
        DataCenterVO zone = _zoneDao.findById(zoneId);
        if (zone == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find zone by id " + zoneId);
        }
        if (zone.getNetworkType() == NetworkType.Basic) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Public IP range can be dedicated to an account only in the zone of type " + NetworkType.Advanced);
        }

        // Check Public IP resource limits
        int accountPublicIpRange = _publicIpAddressDao.countIPs(zoneId, vlanDbId, false);
        _resourceLimitMgr.checkResourceLimit(vlanOwner, ResourceType.public_ip, accountPublicIpRange);

        // Check if any of the Public IP addresses is allocated to another account
        List<IPAddressVO> ips = _publicIpAddressDao.listByVlanId(vlanDbId);
        for (IPAddressVO ip : ips) {
            Long allocatedToAccountId = ip.getAllocatedToAccountId();
            if (allocatedToAccountId != null) {
                Account accountAllocatedTo = _accountMgr.getActiveAccountById(allocatedToAccountId);
                if (!accountAllocatedTo.getAccountName().equalsIgnoreCase(accountName))
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Public IP address in range is already allocated to another account");
            }
        }

        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        txn.start();

        // Create an AccountVlanMapVO entry
        AccountVlanMapVO accountVlanMapVO = new AccountVlanMapVO(vlanOwner.getId(), vlan.getId());
        _accountVlanMapDao.persist(accountVlanMapVO);

        txn.commit();

        return vlan;
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_VLAN_IP_RANGE_RELEASE, eventDescription = "releasing a public ip range", async = false)
    public boolean releasePublicIpRange(ReleasePublicIpRangeCmd cmd) {
        Long vlanDbId = cmd.getId();

        VlanVO vlan = _vlanDao.findById(vlanDbId);
        if (vlan == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid IP range id.");
        }

        return releasePublicIpRange(vlanDbId, UserContext.current().getCallerUserId(), UserContext.current().getCaller());
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public boolean releasePublicIpRange(long vlanDbId, long userId, Account caller) {
        VlanVO vlan = _vlanDao.findById(vlanDbId);

        List<AccountVlanMapVO> acctVln = _accountVlanMapDao.listAccountVlanMapsByVlan(vlanDbId);
        // Verify range is dedicated
        if (acctVln == null || acctVln.isEmpty()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't release Public IP range " + vlanDbId + " as it not dedicated to any account");
        }

        // Check if range has any allocated public IPs
        long allocIpCount = _publicIpAddressDao.countIPs(vlan.getDataCenterId(), vlanDbId, true);
        boolean success = true;
        if (allocIpCount > 0) {
            try {
                vlan = _vlanDao.acquireInLockTable(vlanDbId, 30);
                if (vlan == null) {
                    throw new CloudRuntimeException("Unable to acquire vlan configuration: " + vlanDbId);
                }
                if (s_logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    s_logger.debug("lock vlan " + vlanDbId + " is acquired");
                }
                List<IPAddressVO> ips = _publicIpAddressDao.listByVlanId(vlanDbId);
                for (IPAddressVO ip : ips) {
                    // Disassociate allocated IP's that are not in use
                    if ( !ip.isOneToOneNat() && !(ip.isSourceNat() && _networkModel.getNetwork(ip.getAssociatedWithNetworkId()) != null) &&
                            !(_firewallDao.countRulesByIpId(ip.getId()) > 0) ) {
                        if (s_logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            s_logger.debug("Releasing Public IP addresses" + ip  +" of vlan " + vlanDbId + " as part of Public IP" +
                                    " range release to the system pool");
                        }
                        success = success && _networkMgr.disassociatePublicIpAddress(ip.getId(), userId, caller);
                    }
                }
                if (!success) {
                    s_logger.warn("Some Public IP addresses that were not in use failed to be released as a part of" +
                            " vlan " + vlanDbId + "release to the system pool");
                }
            } finally {
                _vlanDao.releaseFromLockTable(vlanDbId);
            }
        }

        // A Public IP range can only be dedicated to one account at a time
        if (_accountVlanMapDao.remove(acctVln.get(0).getId())) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> csvTagsToList(String tags) {
        List<String> tagsList = new ArrayList<String>();

        if (tags != null) {
            String[] tokens = tags.split(",");
            for (int i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
                tagsList.add(tokens[i].trim());
            }
        }

        return tagsList;
    }

    @Override
    public String listToCsvTags(List<String> tagsList) {
        String tags = "";
        if (tagsList.size() > 0) {
            for (int i = 0; i < tagsList.size(); i++) {
                tags += tagsList.get(i);
                if (i != tagsList.size() - 1) {
                    tags += ",";
                }
            }
        }

        return tags;
    }

    @Override
    public String cleanupTags(String tags) {
        if (tags != null) {
            String[] tokens = tags.split(",");
            StringBuilder t = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
                t.append(tokens[i].trim()).append(",");
            }
            t.delete(t.length() - 1, t.length());
            tags = t.toString();
        }

        return tags;
    }

    @DB
    protected boolean deletePublicIPRange(long vlanDbId) {
        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        String deleteSql = "DELETE FROM `cloud`.`user_ip_address` WHERE vlan_db_id = ?";

        txn.start();
        try {
            PreparedStatement stmt = txn.prepareAutoCloseStatement(deleteSql);
            stmt.setLong(1, vlanDbId);
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            return false;
        }
        txn.commit();

        return true;
    }
    

    @DB
    protected boolean savePublicIPRange(String startIP, String endIP, long zoneId, long vlanDbId, long sourceNetworkid, long physicalNetworkId) {
        long startIPLong = NetUtils.ip2Long(startIP);
        long endIPLong = NetUtils.ip2Long(endIP);
        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        txn.start();
        IPRangeConfig config = new IPRangeConfig();
        List<String> problemIps = config.savePublicIPRange(txn, startIPLong, endIPLong, zoneId, vlanDbId, sourceNetworkid, physicalNetworkId);
        txn.commit();
        return problemIps != null && problemIps.size() == 0;
    }

    private void checkPublicIpRangeErrors(long zoneId, String vlanId, String vlanGateway, String vlanNetmask, String startIP, String endIP) {
        // Check that the start and end IPs are valid
        if (!NetUtils.isValidIp(startIP)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid start IP");
        }

        if (endIP != null && !NetUtils.isValidIp(endIP)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid end IP");
        }

        if (endIP != null && !NetUtils.validIpRange(startIP, endIP)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid IP range.");
        }

        // Check that the IPs that are being added are compatible with the
        // VLAN's gateway and netmask
        if (vlanNetmask == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please ensure that your IP range's netmask is specified");
        }

        if (endIP != null && !NetUtils.sameSubnet(startIP, endIP, vlanNetmask)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please ensure that your start IP and end IP are in the same subnet, as per the IP range's netmask.");
        }

        if (!NetUtils.sameSubnet(startIP, vlanGateway, vlanNetmask)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please ensure that your start IP is in the same subnet as your IP range's gateway, as per the IP range's netmask.");
        }

        if (endIP != null && !NetUtils.sameSubnet(endIP, vlanGateway, vlanNetmask)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please ensure that your end IP is in the same subnet as your IP range's gateway, as per the IP range's netmask.");
        }
    }

    private void checkPrivateIpRangeErrors(Long podId, String startIP, String endIP) {
        HostPodVO pod = _podDao.findById(podId);
        if (pod == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid pod.");
        }

        // Check that the start and end IPs are valid
        if (!NetUtils.isValidIp(startIP)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid start IP");
        }

        if (endIP != null && !NetUtils.isValidIp(endIP)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid end IP");
        }

        if (endIP != null && !NetUtils.validIpRange(startIP, endIP)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid IP range.");
        }

        // Check that the IPs that are being added are compatible with the pod's
        // CIDR
        String cidrAddress = getCidrAddress(podId);
        long cidrSize = getCidrSize(podId);

        if (endIP != null && !NetUtils.sameSubnetCIDR(startIP, endIP, cidrSize)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please ensure that your start IP and end IP are in the same subnet, as per the pod's CIDR size.");
        }

        if (!NetUtils.sameSubnetCIDR(startIP, cidrAddress, cidrSize)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please ensure that your start IP is in the same subnet as the pod's CIDR address.");
        }

        if (endIP != null && !NetUtils.sameSubnetCIDR(endIP, cidrAddress, cidrSize)) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please ensure that your end IP is in the same subnet as the pod's CIDR address.");
        }
    }

    private String getCidrAddress(String cidr) {
        String[] cidrPair = cidr.split("\\/");
        return cidrPair[0];
    }

    private int getCidrSize(String cidr) {
        String[] cidrPair = cidr.split("\\/");
        return Integer.parseInt(cidrPair[1]);
    }

    private String getCidrAddress(long podId) {
        HostPodVO pod = _podDao.findById(podId);
        return pod.getCidrAddress();
    }

    private long getCidrSize(long podId) {
        HostPodVO pod = _podDao.findById(podId);
        return pod.getCidrSize();
    }

    @Override
    public void checkPodCidrSubnets(long dcId, Long podIdToBeSkipped, String cidr) {
        // For each pod, return an error if any of the following is true:
        // The pod's CIDR subnet conflicts with the CIDR subnet of any other pod

        // Check if the CIDR conflicts with the Guest Network or other pods
        long skipPod = 0;
        if (podIdToBeSkipped != null) {
            skipPod = podIdToBeSkipped;
        }
        HashMap<Long, List<Object>> currentPodCidrSubnets = _podDao.getCurrentPodCidrSubnets(dcId, skipPod);
        List<Object> newCidrPair = new ArrayList<Object>();
        newCidrPair.add(0, getCidrAddress(cidr));
        newCidrPair.add(1, (long) getCidrSize(cidr));
        currentPodCidrSubnets.put(new Long(-1), newCidrPair);

        DataCenterVO dcVo = _zoneDao.findById(dcId);
        String guestNetworkCidr = dcVo.getGuestNetworkCidr();

        // Guest cidr can be null for Basic zone
        String guestIpNetwork = null;
        Long guestCidrSize = null;
        if (guestNetworkCidr != null) {
            String[] cidrTuple = guestNetworkCidr.split("\\/");
            guestIpNetwork = NetUtils.getIpRangeStartIpFromCidr(cidrTuple[0], Long.parseLong(cidrTuple[1]));
            guestCidrSize = Long.parseLong(cidrTuple[1]);
        }

        String zoneName = getZoneName(dcId);

        // Iterate through all pods in this zone
        for (Long podId : currentPodCidrSubnets.keySet()) {
            String podName;
            if (podId.longValue() == -1) {
                podName = "newPod";
            } else {
                podName = getPodName(podId.longValue());
            }

            List<Object> cidrPair = currentPodCidrSubnets.get(podId);
            String cidrAddress = (String) cidrPair.get(0);
            long cidrSize = ((Long) cidrPair.get(1)).longValue();

            long cidrSizeToUse = -1;
            if (guestCidrSize == null || cidrSize < guestCidrSize) {
                cidrSizeToUse = cidrSize;
            } else {
                cidrSizeToUse = guestCidrSize;
            }

            String cidrSubnet = NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(cidrAddress, cidrSizeToUse);

            if (guestNetworkCidr != null) {
                String guestSubnet = NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(guestIpNetwork, cidrSizeToUse);
                // Check that cidrSubnet does not equal guestSubnet
                if (cidrSubnet.equals(guestSubnet)) {
                    if (podName.equals("newPod")) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The subnet of the pod you are adding conflicts with the subnet of the Guest IP Network. Please specify a different CIDR.");
                    } else {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Warning: The subnet of pod " + podName + " in zone " + zoneName
                                + " conflicts with the subnet of the Guest IP Network. Please change either the pod's CIDR or the Guest IP Network's subnet, and re-run install-vmops-management.");
                    }
                }
            }

            // Iterate through the rest of the pods
            for (Long otherPodId : currentPodCidrSubnets.keySet()) {
                if (podId.equals(otherPodId)) {
                    continue;
                }

                // Check that cidrSubnet does not equal otherCidrSubnet
                List<Object> otherCidrPair = currentPodCidrSubnets.get(otherPodId);
                String otherCidrAddress = (String) otherCidrPair.get(0);
                long otherCidrSize = ((Long) otherCidrPair.get(1)).longValue();

                if (cidrSize < otherCidrSize) {
                    cidrSizeToUse = cidrSize;
                } else {
                    cidrSizeToUse = otherCidrSize;
                }

                cidrSubnet = NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(cidrAddress, cidrSizeToUse);
                String otherCidrSubnet = NetUtils.getCidrSubNet(otherCidrAddress, cidrSizeToUse);

                if (cidrSubnet.equals(otherCidrSubnet)) {
                    String otherPodName = getPodName(otherPodId.longValue());
                    if (podName.equals("newPod")) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The subnet of the pod you are adding conflicts with the subnet of pod " + otherPodName + " in zone " + zoneName
                                + ". Please specify a different CIDR.");
                    } else {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Warning: The pods " + podName + " and " + otherPodName + " in zone " + zoneName
                                + " have conflicting CIDR subnets. Please change the CIDR of one of these pods.");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }
    
    private boolean validPod(long podId) {
        return (_podDao.findById(podId) != null);
    }

    private boolean validPod(String podName, long zoneId) {
        if (!validZone(zoneId)) {
            return false;
        }

        return (_podDao.findByName(podName, zoneId) != null);
    }

    private String getPodName(long podId) {
        return _podDao.findById(new Long(podId)).getName();
    }

    private boolean validZone(String zoneName) {
        return (_zoneDao.findByName(zoneName) != null);
    }

    private boolean validZone(long zoneId) {
        return (_zoneDao.findById(zoneId) != null);
    }

    private String getZoneName(long zoneId) {
        DataCenterVO zone = _zoneDao.findById(new Long(zoneId));
        if (zone != null) {
            return zone.getName();
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    private String[] getLinkLocalIPRange() {
        String ipNums = _configDao.getValue("linkLocalIp.nums");
        int nums = Integer.parseInt(ipNums);
        if (nums > 16 || nums <= 0) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The linkLocalIp.nums: " + nums + "is wrong, should be 1~16");
        }
        /* local link ip address starts from 169.254.0.2 - 169.254.(nums) */
        String[] ipRanges = NetUtils.getLinkLocalIPRange(nums);
        if (ipRanges == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The linkLocalIp.nums: " + nums + "may be wrong, should be 1~16");
        }
        return ipRanges;
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_VLAN_IP_RANGE_DELETE, eventDescription = "deleting vlan ip range", async = false)
    public boolean deleteVlanIpRange(DeleteVlanIpRangeCmd cmd) {
        Long vlanDbId = cmd.getId();

        VlanVO vlan = _vlanDao.findById(vlanDbId);
        if (vlan == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Please specify a valid IP range id.");
        }

        return deleteVlanAndPublicIpRange(UserContext.current().getCallerUserId(), vlanDbId, UserContext.current().getCaller());
    }

    @Override
    public void checkDiskOfferingAccess(Account caller, DiskOffering dof){
        for (SecurityChecker checker : _secChecker) {
            if (checker.checkAccess(caller, dof)) {
                if (s_logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    s_logger.debug("Access granted to " + caller + " to disk offering:" + dof.getId() + " by " + checker.getName());
                }
                return;
            } else {
                throw new PermissionDeniedException("Access denied to " + caller + " by " + checker.getName());
            }
        }

        assert false : "How can all of the security checkers pass on checking this caller?";
        throw new PermissionDeniedException("There's no way to confirm " + caller + " has access to disk offering:" + dof.getId());
    }

    @Override
    public void checkZoneAccess(Account caller, DataCenter zone){
        for (SecurityChecker checker : _secChecker) {
            if (checker.checkAccess(caller, zone)) {
                if (s_logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    s_logger.debug("Access granted to " + caller + " to zone:" + zone.getId() + " by " + checker.getName());
                }
                return;
            } else {
                throw new PermissionDeniedException("Access denied to " + caller + " by " + checker.getName() + " for zone " + zone.getId());
            }
        }

        assert false : "How can all of the security checkers pass on checking this caller?";
        throw new PermissionDeniedException("There's no way to confirm " + caller + " has access to zone:" + zone.getId());
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_NETWORK_OFFERING_CREATE, eventDescription = "creating network offering")
    public NetworkOffering createNetworkOffering(CreateNetworkOfferingCmd cmd) {
        String name = cmd.getNetworkOfferingName();
        String displayText = cmd.getDisplayText();
        String tags = cmd.getTags();
        String trafficTypeString = cmd.getTraffictype();
        boolean specifyVlan = cmd.getSpecifyVlan();
        boolean conserveMode = cmd.getConserveMode();
        String availabilityStr = cmd.getAvailability();
        Integer networkRate = cmd.getNetworkRate();
        TrafficType trafficType = null;
        Availability availability = null;
        Network.GuestType guestType = null;
        boolean specifyIpRanges = cmd.getSpecifyIpRanges();
        boolean isPersistent = cmd.getIsPersistent();

        // Verify traffic type
        for (TrafficType tType : TrafficType.values()) {
            if (tType.name().equalsIgnoreCase(trafficTypeString)) {
                trafficType = tType;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (trafficType == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid value for traffictype. Supported traffic types: Public, Management, Control, Guest, Vlan or Storage");
        }

        // Only GUEST traffic type is supported in Acton
        if (trafficType != TrafficType.Guest) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only traffic type " + TrafficType.Guest + " is supported in the current release");
        }

        // Verify offering type
        for (Network.GuestType offType : Network.GuestType.values()) {
            if (offType.name().equalsIgnoreCase(cmd.getGuestIpType())) {
                guestType = offType;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (guestType == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid \"type\" parameter is given; can have Shared and Isolated values");
        }

        // Verify availability
        for (Availability avlb : Availability.values()) {
            if (avlb.name().equalsIgnoreCase(availabilityStr)) {
                availability = avlb;
            }
        }

        if (availability == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid value for Availability. Supported types: " + Availability.Required + ", " + Availability.Optional);
        }

        Long serviceOfferingId = cmd.getServiceOfferingId();

        if (serviceOfferingId != null) {
            ServiceOfferingVO offering = _serviceOfferingDao.findById(serviceOfferingId);
            if (offering == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Cannot find specified service offering: " + serviceOfferingId);
            }
            if (!VirtualMachine.Type.DomainRouter.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(offering.getSystemVmType())) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("The specified service offering " + serviceOfferingId + " cannot be used by virtual router!");
            }
        }

        // configure service provider map
        Map<Network.Service, Set<Network.Provider>> serviceProviderMap = new HashMap<Network.Service, Set<Network.Provider>>();
        Set<Network.Provider> defaultProviders = new HashSet<Network.Provider>();

        // populate the services first
        for (String serviceName : cmd.getSupportedServices()) {
            // validate if the service is supported
            Service service = Network.Service.getService(serviceName);
            if (service == null || service == Service.Gateway) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid service " + serviceName);
            }

            if (service == Service.SecurityGroup) {
                // allow security group service for Shared networks only
                if (guestType != GuestType.Shared) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Secrity group service is supported for network offerings with guest ip type " + GuestType.Shared);
                }
                Set<Network.Provider> sgProviders = new HashSet<Network.Provider>();
                sgProviders.add(Provider.SecurityGroupProvider);
                serviceProviderMap.put(Network.Service.SecurityGroup, sgProviders);
                continue;
            }
            serviceProviderMap.put(service, defaultProviders);
        }

        // add gateway provider (if sourceNat provider is enabled)
        Set<Provider> sourceNatServiceProviders = serviceProviderMap.get(Service.SourceNat);
        if (sourceNatServiceProviders != null && !sourceNatServiceProviders.isEmpty()) {
            serviceProviderMap.put(Service.Gateway, sourceNatServiceProviders);
        }

        // populate providers
        Map<Provider, Set<Service>> providerCombinationToVerify = new HashMap<Provider, Set<Service>>();
        Map<String, List<String>> svcPrv = cmd.getServiceProviders();
        Provider firewallProvider = null;
        if (svcPrv != null) {
            for (String serviceStr : svcPrv.keySet()) {
                Network.Service service = Network.Service.getService(serviceStr);
                if (serviceProviderMap.containsKey(service)) {
                    Set<Provider> providers = new HashSet<Provider>();
                    // in Acton, don't allow to specify more than 1 provider per service
                    if (svcPrv.get(serviceStr) != null && svcPrv.get(serviceStr).size() > 1) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("In the current release only one provider can be " +
                        		"specified for the service");
                    }
                    for (String prvNameStr : svcPrv.get(serviceStr)) {
                        // check if provider is supported
                        Network.Provider provider = Network.Provider.getProvider(prvNameStr);
                        if (provider == null) {
                            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid service provider: " + prvNameStr);
                        }

                        if (provider == Provider.JuniperSRX || provider == Provider.CiscoVnmc) {
                            firewallProvider = provider;
                        }
                        
                        if ((service == Service.PortForwarding || service == Service.StaticNat) && provider == Provider.VirtualRouter){
                            firewallProvider = Provider.VirtualRouter;
                        }

                        providers.add(provider);

                        Set<Service> serviceSet = null;
                        if (providerCombinationToVerify.get(provider) == null) {
                            serviceSet = new HashSet<Service>();
                        } else {
                            serviceSet = providerCombinationToVerify.get(provider);
                        }
                        serviceSet.add(service);
                        providerCombinationToVerify.put(provider, serviceSet);

                    }
                    serviceProviderMap.put(service, providers);
                } else {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Service " + serviceStr + " is not enabled for the network " +
                    		"offering, can't add a provider to it");
                }
            }
        }

        // validate providers combination here
        _networkModel.canProviderSupportServices(providerCombinationToVerify);

        // validate the LB service capabilities specified in the network offering
        Map<Capability, String> lbServiceCapabilityMap = cmd.getServiceCapabilities(Service.Lb);
        if (!serviceProviderMap.containsKey(Service.Lb) && lbServiceCapabilityMap != null && !lbServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Capabilities for LB service can be specifed only when LB service is enabled for network offering.");
        }
        validateLoadBalancerServiceCapabilities(lbServiceCapabilityMap);

        // validate the Source NAT service capabilities specified in the network offering
        Map<Capability, String> sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap = cmd.getServiceCapabilities(Service.SourceNat);
        if (!serviceProviderMap.containsKey(Service.SourceNat) && sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap != null && !sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Capabilities for source NAT service can be specifed only when source NAT service is enabled for network offering.");
        }
        validateSourceNatServiceCapablities(sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap);

        // validate the Static Nat service capabilities specified in the network offering
        Map<Capability, String> staticNatServiceCapabilityMap = cmd.getServiceCapabilities(Service.StaticNat);
        if (!serviceProviderMap.containsKey(Service.StaticNat) && sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap != null && !staticNatServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Capabilities for static NAT service can be specifed only when static NAT service is enabled for network offering.");
        }
        validateStaticNatServiceCapablities(staticNatServiceCapabilityMap);

        Map<Service, Map<Capability, String>> serviceCapabilityMap = new HashMap<Service, Map<Capability, String>>();
        serviceCapabilityMap.put(Service.Lb, lbServiceCapabilityMap);
        serviceCapabilityMap.put(Service.SourceNat, sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap);
        serviceCapabilityMap.put(Service.StaticNat, staticNatServiceCapabilityMap);

        // if Firewall service is missing, add Firewall service/provider combination
        if (firewallProvider != null) {
            s_logger.debug("Adding Firewall service with provider " + firewallProvider.getName());
            Set<Provider> firewallProviderSet = new HashSet<Provider>();
            firewallProviderSet.add(firewallProvider);
            serviceProviderMap.put(Service.Firewall, firewallProviderSet);
        }

        return createNetworkOffering(name, displayText, trafficType, tags, specifyVlan, availability, networkRate, serviceProviderMap, false, guestType, false,
                serviceOfferingId, conserveMode, serviceCapabilityMap, specifyIpRanges, isPersistent);
    }

    void validateLoadBalancerServiceCapabilities(Map<Capability, String> lbServiceCapabilityMap) {
        if (lbServiceCapabilityMap != null && !lbServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty()) {
            if (lbServiceCapabilityMap.keySet().size() > 3 || !lbServiceCapabilityMap.containsKey(Capability.SupportedLBIsolation)) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only " + Capability.SupportedLBIsolation.getName() + ", " + Capability.ElasticLb.getName() + ", " + Capability.InlineMode.getName() + " capabilities can be sepcified for LB service");
            }

            for (Capability cap : lbServiceCapabilityMap.keySet()) {
                String value = lbServiceCapabilityMap.get(cap);
                if (cap == Capability.SupportedLBIsolation) {
                    boolean dedicatedLb = value.contains("dedicated");
                    boolean sharedLB = value.contains("shared");
                    if ((dedicatedLb && sharedLB) || (!dedicatedLb && !sharedLB)) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Either dedicated or shared isolation can be specified for " + Capability.SupportedLBIsolation.getName());
                    }
                } else if (cap == Capability.ElasticLb) {
                    boolean enabled = value.contains("true");
                    boolean disabled = value.contains("false");
                    if (!enabled && !disabled) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unknown specified value for " + Capability.ElasticLb.getName());
                    }
                } else if (cap == Capability.InlineMode) {
                    boolean enabled = value.contains("true");
                    boolean disabled = value.contains("false");
                    if (!enabled && !disabled) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unknown specified value for " + Capability.InlineMode.getName());
                    }
                } else {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only " + Capability.SupportedLBIsolation.getName() + ", " + Capability.ElasticLb.getName() + ", " + Capability.InlineMode.getName() + " capabilities can be sepcified for LB service");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    void validateSourceNatServiceCapablities(Map<Capability, String> sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap) {
        if (sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap != null && !sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty()) {
            if (sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap.keySet().size() > 2) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only " + Capability.SupportedSourceNatTypes.getName() + " and " + Capability.RedundantRouter + " capabilities can be sepcified for source nat service");
            }

            for (Capability capability : sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap.keySet()) {
                String value = sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap.get(capability);
                if (capability == Capability.SupportedSourceNatTypes) {
                    boolean perAccount = value.contains("peraccount");
                    boolean perZone = value.contains("perzone");
                    if ((perAccount && perZone) || (!perAccount && !perZone)) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Either peraccount or perzone source NAT type can be specified for " + Capability.SupportedSourceNatTypes.getName());
                    }
                } else if (capability == Capability.RedundantRouter) {
                    boolean enabled = value.contains("true");
                    boolean disabled = value.contains("false");
                    if (!enabled && !disabled) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unknown specified value for " + Capability.RedundantRouter.getName());
                    }
                } else {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only " + Capability.SupportedSourceNatTypes.getName() + " and " + Capability.RedundantRouter + " capabilities can be sepcified for source nat service");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    void validateStaticNatServiceCapablities(Map<Capability, String> staticNatServiceCapabilityMap) {
        if (staticNatServiceCapabilityMap != null && !staticNatServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty()) {
            if (staticNatServiceCapabilityMap.keySet().size() > 1) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only " + Capability.ElasticIp.getName() +  " capability can be specified for static nat service");
            }

            for (Capability capability : staticNatServiceCapabilityMap.keySet()) {
                String value = staticNatServiceCapabilityMap.get(capability);
                if (capability == Capability.ElasticIp) {
                    boolean enabled = value.contains("true");
                    boolean disabled = value.contains("false");
                    if (!enabled && !disabled) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unknown specified value for " + Capability.ElasticIp.getName());
                    }
                } else {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Only " + Capability.ElasticIp.getName() + " capability can be specified for static nat service");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public NetworkOfferingVO createNetworkOffering(String name, String displayText, TrafficType trafficType, String tags, boolean specifyVlan, Availability availability, Integer networkRate,
            Map<Service, Set<Provider>> serviceProviderMap, boolean isDefault, Network.GuestType type, boolean systemOnly, Long serviceOfferingId,
            boolean conserveMode, Map<Service, Map<Capability, String>> serviceCapabilityMap, boolean specifyIpRanges, boolean isPersistent) {

        String multicastRateStr = _configDao.getValue("multicast.throttling.rate");
        int multicastRate = ((multicastRateStr == null) ? 10 : Integer.parseInt(multicastRateStr));
        tags = cleanupTags(tags);

        // specifyVlan should always be true for Shared network offerings
        if (!specifyVlan && type == GuestType.Shared) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("SpecifyVlan should be true if network offering's type is " + type);
        }
        
        //specifyIpRanges should always be true for Shared networks
        //specifyIpRanges can only be true for Isolated networks with no Source Nat service
        if (specifyIpRanges) {
            if (type == GuestType.Isolated) {
                if (serviceProviderMap.containsKey(Service.SourceNat)) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("SpecifyIpRanges can only be true for Shared network offerings and Isolated with no SourceNat service");
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (type == GuestType.Shared) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("SpecifyIpRanges should always be true for Shared network offerings");
            }
        }

        // isPersistent should always be false for Shared network Offerings
        if (isPersistent && type == GuestType.Shared) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("isPersistent should be false if network offering's type is " + type);
        }

        // validate availability value
        if (availability == NetworkOffering.Availability.Required) {
            boolean canOffBeRequired = (type == GuestType.Isolated && serviceProviderMap.containsKey(Service.SourceNat));
            if (!canOffBeRequired) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Availability can be " + NetworkOffering.Availability.Required 
                        + " only for networkOfferings of type " + GuestType.Isolated + " and with "
                        + Service.SourceNat.getName() + " enabled");
            }

            // only one network offering in the system can be Required
            List<NetworkOfferingVO> offerings = _networkOfferingDao.listByAvailability(Availability.Required, false);
            if (!offerings.isEmpty()) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("System already has network offering id=" + offerings.get(0).getId() 
                        + " with availability " + Availability.Required);
            }
        }
        
        boolean dedicatedLb = false;
        boolean elasticLb = false;
        boolean sharedSourceNat = false;
        boolean redundantRouter = false;
        boolean elasticIp = false;
        boolean inline = false;
        if (serviceCapabilityMap != null && !serviceCapabilityMap.isEmpty()) {
            Map<Capability, String> lbServiceCapabilityMap = serviceCapabilityMap.get(Service.Lb);
            
            if ((lbServiceCapabilityMap != null) && (!lbServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty())) {
                String isolationCapability = lbServiceCapabilityMap.get(Capability.SupportedLBIsolation);
                if (isolationCapability != null) {
                    _networkModel.checkCapabilityForProvider(serviceProviderMap.get(Service.Lb), Service.Lb, Capability.SupportedLBIsolation, isolationCapability);
                    dedicatedLb = isolationCapability.contains("dedicated");
                } else {
                    dedicatedLb = true;
                }

                String param = lbServiceCapabilityMap.get(Capability.ElasticLb);
                if (param != null) {
                    elasticLb = param.contains("true");
                }
                
                String inlineMode = lbServiceCapabilityMap.get(Capability.InlineMode);
                if (inlineMode != null) {
                    _networkModel.checkCapabilityForProvider(serviceProviderMap.get(Service.Lb), Service.Lb, Capability.InlineMode, inlineMode);
                    inline = inlineMode.contains("true");
                } else {
                    inline = false;
                }
            }

            Map<Capability, String> sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap = serviceCapabilityMap.get(Service.SourceNat);
            if ((sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap != null) && (!sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty())) {
                String sourceNatType = sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap.get(Capability.SupportedSourceNatTypes);
                if (sourceNatType != null) {
                    _networkModel.checkCapabilityForProvider(serviceProviderMap.get(Service.SourceNat), Service.SourceNat, 
                            Capability.SupportedSourceNatTypes, sourceNatType);
                    sharedSourceNat = sourceNatType.contains("perzone");
                }

                String param = sourceNatServiceCapabilityMap.get(Capability.RedundantRouter);
                if (param != null) {
                    _networkModel.checkCapabilityForProvider(serviceProviderMap.get(Service.SourceNat), Service.SourceNat, 
                            Capability.RedundantRouter, param);
                    redundantRouter = param.contains("true");
                }
            }

            Map<Capability, String> staticNatServiceCapabilityMap = serviceCapabilityMap.get(Service.StaticNat);
            if ((staticNatServiceCapabilityMap != null) && (!staticNatServiceCapabilityMap.isEmpty())) {
                String param = staticNatServiceCapabilityMap.get(Capability.ElasticIp);
                if (param != null) {
                    elasticIp = param.contains("true");
                }
            }
        }

        NetworkOfferingVO offering = new NetworkOfferingVO(name, displayText, trafficType, systemOnly, specifyVlan, 
                networkRate, multicastRate, isDefault, availability, tags, type, conserveMode, dedicatedLb,
                sharedSourceNat, redundantRouter, elasticIp, elasticLb, specifyIpRanges, inline, isPersistent);

        if (serviceOfferingId != null) {
            offering.setServiceOfferingId(serviceOfferingId);
        }

        Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
        txn.start();
        // create network offering object
        s_logger.debug("Adding network offering " + offering);
        offering = _networkOfferingDao.persist(offering);
        // populate services and providers
        if (serviceProviderMap != null) {
            for (Network.Service service : serviceProviderMap.keySet()) {
                Set<Provider> providers = serviceProviderMap.get(service);
                if (providers != null && !providers.isEmpty()) {
                    boolean vpcOff = false;
                    for (Network.Provider provider : providers) {
                        if (provider == Provider.VPCVirtualRouter) {
                            vpcOff = true;
                        }
                        NetworkOfferingServiceMapVO offService = new NetworkOfferingServiceMapVO(offering.getId(), service, provider);
                        _ntwkOffServiceMapDao.persist(offService);
                        s_logger.trace("Added service for the network offering: " + offService + " with provider " + provider.getName());
                    }
                    
                    if (vpcOff) {
                        List<Service> supportedSvcs = new ArrayList<Service>();
                        supportedSvcs.addAll(serviceProviderMap.keySet());
                        _vpcMgr.validateNtwkOffForVpc(offering, supportedSvcs);
                    }
                } else {
                    NetworkOfferingServiceMapVO offService = new NetworkOfferingServiceMapVO(offering.getId(), service, null);
                    _ntwkOffServiceMapDao.persist(offService);
                    s_logger.trace("Added service for the network offering: " + offService + " with null provider");
                }
            }
        }

        txn.commit();

        UserContext.current().setEventDetails(" Id: " + offering.getId() + " Name: " + name);
        return offering;
    }


    @Override
    public List<? extends NetworkOffering> searchForNetworkOfferings(ListNetworkOfferingsCmd cmd) {
        Boolean isAscending = Boolean.parseBoolean(_configDao.getValue("sortkey.algorithm"));
        isAscending = (isAscending == null ? true : isAscending);
        Filter searchFilter = new Filter(NetworkOfferingVO.class, "sortKey", isAscending, cmd.getStartIndex(), cmd.getPageSizeVal());
        Account caller = UserContext.current().getCaller();
        SearchCriteria<NetworkOfferingVO> sc = _networkOfferingDao.createSearchCriteria();

        Long id = cmd.getId();
        Object name = cmd.getNetworkOfferingName();
        Object displayText = cmd.getDisplayText();
        Object trafficType = cmd.getTrafficType();
        Object isDefault = cmd.getIsDefault();
        Object specifyVlan = cmd.getSpecifyVlan();
        Object availability = cmd.getAvailability();
        Object state = cmd.getState();
        Long zoneId = cmd.getZoneId();
        DataCenter zone = null;
        Long networkId = cmd.getNetworkId();
        String guestIpType = cmd.getGuestIpType();
        List<String> supportedServicesStr = cmd.getSupportedServices();
        Object specifyIpRanges = cmd.getSpecifyIpRanges();
        String tags = cmd.getTags();
        Boolean isTagged = cmd.isTagged();
        Boolean forVpc = cmd.getForVpc();

        if (zoneId != null) {
            zone = getZone(zoneId);
            if (zone == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find the zone by id=" + zoneId);
            }
        }

        Object keyword = cmd.getKeyword();

        if (keyword != null) {
            SearchCriteria<NetworkOfferingVO> ssc = _networkOfferingDao.createSearchCriteria();
            ssc.addOr("displayText", SearchCriteria.Op.LIKE, "%" + keyword + "%");
            ssc.addOr("name", SearchCriteria.Op.LIKE, "%" + keyword + "%");

            sc.addAnd("name", SearchCriteria.Op.SC, ssc);
        }

        if (name != null) {
            sc.addAnd("name", SearchCriteria.Op.LIKE, "%" + name + "%");
        }

        if (guestIpType != null) {
            sc.addAnd("guestType", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, guestIpType);
        }

        if (displayText != null) {
            sc.addAnd("displayText", SearchCriteria.Op.LIKE, "%" + displayText + "%");
        }

        if (trafficType != null) {
            sc.addAnd("trafficType", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, trafficType);
        }

        if (isDefault != null) {
            sc.addAnd("isDefault", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, isDefault);
        }

        if (specifyVlan != null) {
            sc.addAnd("specifyVlan", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, specifyVlan);
        }

        if (availability != null) {
            sc.addAnd("availability", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, availability);
        }

        if (state != null) {
            sc.addAnd("state", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, state);
        }

        if (specifyIpRanges != null) {
            sc.addAnd("specifyIpRanges", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, specifyIpRanges);
        }

        if (zone != null) {
            if (zone.getNetworkType() == NetworkType.Basic) {
                // return empty list as we don't allow to create networks in
                // basic zone, and shouldn't display networkOfferings
                return new ArrayList<NetworkOffering>();
            }
        }

        // Don't return system network offerings to the user
        sc.addAnd("systemOnly", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, false);

        // if networkId is specified, list offerings available for upgrade only (for this network)
        Network network = null;
        if (networkId != null) {
            // check if network exists and the caller can operate with it
            network = _networkModel.getNetwork(networkId);
            if (network == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find the network by id=" + networkId);
            }
            // Don't allow to update system network
            NetworkOffering offering = _networkOfferingDao.findByIdIncludingRemoved(network.getNetworkOfferingId());
            if (offering.isSystemOnly()) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't update system networks");
            }

            _accountMgr.checkAccess(caller, null, true, network);

            List<Long> offeringIds = _networkModel.listNetworkOfferingsForUpgrade(networkId);

            if (!offeringIds.isEmpty()) {
                sc.addAnd("id", SearchCriteria.Op.IN, offeringIds.toArray());
            } else {
                return new ArrayList<NetworkOffering>();
            }
        }

        if (id != null) {
            sc.addAnd("id", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, id);
        }

        if (tags != null) {
            sc.addAnd("tags", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, tags);
        }

        if (isTagged != null) {
            if (isTagged) {
                sc.addAnd("tags", SearchCriteria.Op.NNULL);
            } else {
                sc.addAnd("tags", SearchCriteria.Op.NULL);
            }
        }

        List<NetworkOfferingVO> offerings = _networkOfferingDao.search(sc, searchFilter);
        Boolean sourceNatSupported = cmd.getSourceNatSupported();
        List<String> pNtwkTags = new ArrayList<String>();
        boolean checkForTags = false;
        if (zone != null) {
            List<PhysicalNetworkVO> pNtwks = _physicalNetworkDao.listByZoneAndTrafficType(zoneId, TrafficType.Guest);
            if (pNtwks.size() > 1) {
                checkForTags = true;
                // go through tags
                for (PhysicalNetworkVO pNtwk : pNtwks) {
                    List<String> pNtwkTag = pNtwk.getTags();
                    if (pNtwkTag == null || pNtwkTag.isEmpty()) {
                        throw new CloudRuntimeException("Tags are not defined for physical network in the zone id=" + zoneId);
                    }
                    pNtwkTags.addAll(pNtwkTag);
                }
            }
        }

        // filter by supported services
        boolean listBySupportedServices = (supportedServicesStr != null && !supportedServicesStr.isEmpty() && !offerings.isEmpty());
        boolean checkIfProvidersAreEnabled = (zoneId != null);
        boolean parseOfferings = (listBySupportedServices || sourceNatSupported != null || checkIfProvidersAreEnabled 
                || forVpc != null || network != null);

        if (parseOfferings) {
            List<NetworkOfferingVO> supportedOfferings = new ArrayList<NetworkOfferingVO>();
            Service[] supportedServices = null;

            if (listBySupportedServices) {
                supportedServices = new Service[supportedServicesStr.size()];
                int i = 0;
                for (String supportedServiceStr : supportedServicesStr) {
                    Service service = Service.getService(supportedServiceStr);
                    if (service == null) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid service specified " + supportedServiceStr);
                    } else {
                        supportedServices[i] = service;
                    }
                    i++;
                }
            }

            for (NetworkOfferingVO offering : offerings) {
                boolean addOffering = true;
                List<Service> checkForProviders = new ArrayList<Service>();

                if (checkForTags) {
                    if (!pNtwkTags.contains(offering.getTags())) {
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                if (listBySupportedServices) {
                    addOffering = addOffering && _networkModel.areServicesSupportedByNetworkOffering(offering.getId(), supportedServices);
                }

                if (checkIfProvidersAreEnabled) {
                    if (supportedServices != null && supportedServices.length > 0) {
                        checkForProviders = Arrays.asList(supportedServices);
                    } else {
                        checkForProviders = _networkModel.listNetworkOfferingServices(offering.getId());
                    }

                    addOffering = addOffering && _networkModel.areServicesEnabledInZone(zoneId, offering, checkForProviders);
                }

                if (sourceNatSupported != null) {
                    addOffering = addOffering && (_networkModel.areServicesSupportedByNetworkOffering(offering.getId(), Network.Service.SourceNat) == sourceNatSupported);
                }
                
                if (forVpc != null) {
                    addOffering = addOffering && (isOfferingForVpc(offering) == forVpc.booleanValue());
                } else if (network != null){
                    addOffering = addOffering && (isOfferingForVpc(offering) == (network.getVpcId() != null));
                }

                if (addOffering) {
                    supportedOfferings.add(offering);
                }

            }

            return supportedOfferings;
        } else {
            return offerings;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isOfferingForVpc(NetworkOffering offering) {
        boolean vpcProvider = _ntwkOffServiceMapDao.isProviderForNetworkOffering(offering.getId(),
                Provider.VPCVirtualRouter);
        return vpcProvider;
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_NETWORK_OFFERING_DELETE, eventDescription = "deleting network offering")
    public boolean deleteNetworkOffering(DeleteNetworkOfferingCmd cmd) {
        Long offeringId = cmd.getId();
        UserContext.current().setEventDetails(" Id: " + offeringId);

        // Verify network offering id
        NetworkOfferingVO offering = _networkOfferingDao.findById(offeringId);
        if (offering == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("unable to find network offering " + offeringId);
        } else if (offering.getRemoved() != null || offering.isSystemOnly()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("unable to find network offering " + offeringId);
        }

        // Don't allow to delete default network offerings
        if (offering.isDefault() == true) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Default network offering can't be deleted");
        }

        // don't allow to delete network offering if it's in use by existing networks (the offering can be disabled
        // though)
        int networkCount = _networkDao.getNetworkCountByNetworkOffId(offeringId);
        if (networkCount > 0) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't delete network offering " + offeringId + " as its used by " + networkCount + " networks. " +
                    "To make the network offering unavaiable, disable it");
        }

        if (_networkOfferingDao.remove(offeringId)) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_NETWORK_OFFERING_EDIT, eventDescription = "updating network offering")
    public NetworkOffering updateNetworkOffering(UpdateNetworkOfferingCmd cmd) {
        String displayText = cmd.getDisplayText();
        Long id = cmd.getId();
        String name = cmd.getNetworkOfferingName();
        String availabilityStr = cmd.getAvailability();
        Integer sortKey = cmd.getSortKey();
        Availability availability = null;
        String state = cmd.getState();
        UserContext.current().setEventDetails(" Id: " + id);

        // Verify input parameters
        NetworkOfferingVO offeringToUpdate = _networkOfferingDao.findById(id);
        if (offeringToUpdate == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("unable to find network offering " + id);
        }

        // Don't allow to update system network offering
        if (offeringToUpdate.isSystemOnly()) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can't update system network offerings");
        }

        NetworkOfferingVO offering = _networkOfferingDao.createForUpdate(id);

        if (name != null) {
            offering.setName(name);
        }

        if (displayText != null) {
            offering.setDisplayText(displayText);
        }

        if (sortKey != null) {
            offering.setSortKey(sortKey);
        }

        if (state != null) {
            boolean validState = false;
            for (NetworkOffering.State st : NetworkOffering.State.values()) {
                if (st.name().equalsIgnoreCase(state)) {
                    validState = true;
                    offering.setState(st);
                }
            }
            if (!validState) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Incorrect state value: " + state);
            }
        }

        // Verify availability
        if (availabilityStr != null) {
            for (Availability avlb : Availability.values()) {
                if (avlb.name().equalsIgnoreCase(availabilityStr)) {
                    availability = avlb;
                }
            }
            if (availability == null) {
                throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Invalid value for Availability. Supported types: " 
            + Availability.Required + ", " + Availability.Optional);
            } else {
                if (availability == NetworkOffering.Availability.Required) {
                    boolean canOffBeRequired = (offeringToUpdate.getGuestType() == GuestType.Isolated 
                            && _networkModel.areServicesSupportedByNetworkOffering(offeringToUpdate.getId(), Service.SourceNat));
                    if (!canOffBeRequired) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Availability can be " + 
                    NetworkOffering.Availability.Required + " only for networkOfferings of type " + GuestType.Isolated + " and with "
                                + Service.SourceNat.getName() + " enabled");
                    }

                    // only one network offering in the system can be Required
                    List<NetworkOfferingVO> offerings = _networkOfferingDao.listByAvailability(Availability.Required, false);
                    if (!offerings.isEmpty() && offerings.get(0).getId() != offeringToUpdate.getId()) {
                        throw new InvalidParameterValueException("System already has network offering id=" + 
                    offerings.get(0).getId() + " with availability " + Availability.Required);
                    }
                }
                offering.setAvailability(availability);
            }
        }

        if (_networkOfferingDao.update(id, offering)) {
            return _networkOfferingDao.findById(id);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    @ActionEvent(eventType = EventTypes.EVENT_ACCOUNT_MARK_DEFAULT_ZONE, eventDescription = "Marking account with the " +
    		"default zone", async=true)
    public AccountVO markDefaultZone(String accountName, long domainId, long defaultZoneId) {
    	
    	// Check if the account exists
    	Account account = _accountDao.findEnabledAccount(accountName, domainId);
    	if (account == null) {
            s_logger.error("Unable to find account by name: " + accountName + " in domain " + domainId);
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Account by name: " + accountName + " doesn't exist in domain " + domainId);
        }

        // Don't allow modification of system account
        if (account.getId() == Account.ACCOUNT_ID_SYSTEM) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Can not modify system account");
    	}

    	AccountVO acctForUpdate = _accountDao.findById(account.getId());
    	
    	acctForUpdate.setDefaultZoneId(defaultZoneId);
    	
    	if (_accountDao.update(account.getId(), acctForUpdate)) {
    		UserContext.current().setEventDetails("Default zone id= " + defaultZoneId);
    		return _accountDao.findById(account.getId());
    	} else {
    		return null;
    	}
    }
    
    // Note: This method will be used for entity name validations in the coming
    // releases (place holder for now)
    private void validateEntityName(String str) {
        String forbidden = "~!@#$%^&*()+=";
        char[] searchChars = forbidden.toCharArray();
        if (str == null || str.length() == 0 || searchChars == null || searchChars.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
            char ch = str.charAt(i);
            for (int j = 0; j < searchChars.length; j++) {
                if (searchChars[j] == ch) {
                    throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Name cannot contain any of the following special characters:" + forbidden);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public DataCenterVO getZone(long id) {
        return _zoneDao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public NetworkOffering getNetworkOffering(long id) {
        return _networkOfferingDao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public Integer getNetworkOfferingNetworkRate(long networkOfferingId) {

        // validate network offering information
        NetworkOffering no = getNetworkOffering(networkOfferingId);
        if (no == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find network offering by id=" + networkOfferingId);
        }

        Integer networkRate;
        if (no.getRateMbps() != null) {
            networkRate = no.getRateMbps();
        } else {
            networkRate = Integer.parseInt(_configDao.getValue(Config.NetworkThrottlingRate.key()));
        }

        // networkRate is unsigned int in netowrkOfferings table, and can't be
        // set to -1
        // so 0 means unlimited; we convert it to -1, so we are consistent with
        // all our other resources where -1 means unlimited
        if (networkRate == 0) {
            networkRate = -1;
        }

        return networkRate;
    }

    @Override
    public Account getVlanAccount(long vlanId) {
        Vlan vlan = _vlanDao.findById(vlanId);
        Long accountId = null;

        // if vlan is Virtual Account specific, get vlan information from the
        // accountVlanMap; otherwise get account information
        // from the network
        if (vlan.getVlanType() == VlanType.VirtualNetwork) {
            List<AccountVlanMapVO> maps = _accountVlanMapDao.listAccountVlanMapsByVlan(vlanId);
            if (maps != null && !maps.isEmpty()) {
                return _accountMgr.getAccount(maps.get(0).getAccountId());
            }
        }

        Long networkId = vlan.getNetworkId();
        if (networkId != null) {
            Network network = _networkModel.getNetwork(networkId);
            if (network != null) {
                accountId = network.getAccountId();
            }
        }

        return _accountMgr.getAccount(accountId);
    }

    @Override
    public List<? extends NetworkOffering> listNetworkOfferings(TrafficType trafficType, boolean systemOnly) {
        Filter searchFilter = new Filter(NetworkOfferingVO.class, "created", false, null, null);
        SearchCriteria<NetworkOfferingVO> sc = _networkOfferingDao.createSearchCriteria();
        if (trafficType != null) {
            sc.addAnd("trafficType", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, trafficType);
        }
        sc.addAnd("systemOnly", SearchCriteria.Op.EQ, systemOnly);

        return _networkOfferingDao.search(sc, searchFilter);
    }

    @Override
    @DB
    public boolean releaseAccountSpecificVirtualRanges(long accountId) {
        List<AccountVlanMapVO> maps = _accountVlanMapDao.listAccountVlanMapsByAccount(accountId);
        boolean result = true;
        if (maps != null && !maps.isEmpty()) {
            Transaction txn = Transaction.currentTxn();
            txn.start();
            for (AccountVlanMapVO map : maps) {
                if (!releasePublicIpRange(map.getVlanDbId(), _accountMgr.getSystemUser().getId(),
                        _accountMgr.getAccount(Account.ACCOUNT_ID_SYSTEM))) {
                    result = false;
                }
            }
            if (result) {
                txn.commit();
            } else {
                s_logger.error("Failed to release account specific virtual ip ranges for account id=" + accountId);
            }
        } else {
            s_logger.trace("Account id=" + accountId + " has no account specific virtual ip ranges, nothing to release");
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public HostPodVO getPod(long id) {
        return _podDao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public ClusterVO getCluster(long id) {
        return _clusterDao.findById(id);
    }
    
    @Override
    public AllocationState findClusterAllocationState(ClusterVO cluster){
    	
    	if(cluster.getAllocationState() == AllocationState.Disabled){
    		return AllocationState.Disabled;
    	}else if(ApiDBUtils.findPodById(cluster.getPodId()).getAllocationState() == AllocationState.Disabled){
    		return AllocationState.Disabled;
    	}else {
    		DataCenterVO zone = ApiDBUtils.findZoneById(cluster.getDataCenterId());
    		return zone.getAllocationState();
    	}    	
    }   

    @Override
    public AllocationState findPodAllocationState(HostPodVO pod){
    	
    	if(pod.getAllocationState() == AllocationState.Disabled){
    		return AllocationState.Disabled;
    	}else {
    		DataCenterVO zone = ApiDBUtils.findZoneById(pod.getDataCenterId());
    		return zone.getAllocationState();
    	}    	
    }
    
    private boolean allowIpRangeOverlap(VlanVO vlan, boolean forVirtualNetwork, long networkId) {
        // FIXME - delete restriction for virtual network in the future
        if (vlan.getVlanType() == VlanType.DirectAttached && !forVirtualNetwork) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public ServiceOffering getServiceOffering(long serviceOfferingId) {
        ServiceOfferingVO offering = _serviceOfferingDao.findById(serviceOfferingId);
        if (offering != null && offering.getRemoved() == null) {
            return offering;
        }

        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Long getDefaultPageSize() {
        return _defaultPageSize;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer getServiceOfferingNetworkRate(long serviceOfferingId) {

        // validate network offering information
        ServiceOffering offering = _serviceOfferingDao.findById(serviceOfferingId);
        if (offering == null) {
            throw new InvalidParameterValueException("Unable to find service offering by id=" + serviceOfferingId);
        }

        Integer networkRate;
        if (offering.getRateMbps() != null) {
            networkRate = offering.getRateMbps();
        } else {
            // for domain router service offering, get network rate from
            if (offering.getSystemVmType() != null && offering.getSystemVmType().equalsIgnoreCase(VirtualMachine.Type.DomainRouter.toString())) {
                networkRate = Integer.parseInt(_configDao.getValue(Config.NetworkThrottlingRate.key()));
            } else {
                networkRate = Integer.parseInt(_configDao.getValue(Config.VmNetworkThrottlingRate.key()));
            }
        }

        // networkRate is unsigned int in serviceOffering table, and can't be
        // set to -1
        // so 0 means unlimited; we convert it to -1, so we are consistent with
        // all our other resources where -1 means unlimited
        if (networkRate == 0) {
            networkRate = -1;
        }

        return networkRate;
    }

    @Override
    public DiskOffering getDiskOffering(long diskOfferingId) {
        DiskOfferingVO offering = _diskOfferingDao.findById(diskOfferingId);
        if (offering != null && offering.getRemoved() == null) {
            return offering;
        }

        return null;
    }
}