/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.cassandra.cql3.validation.operations;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.CQLTester;

import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

public class SelectOrderByTest extends CQLTester
{
    @Test
    public void testNormalSelectionOrderSingleClustering() throws Throwable
    {
        for (String descOption : new String[]{"", " WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (b DESC)"})
        {
            createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (a int, b int, c int, PRIMARY KEY (a, b))" + descOption);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 0);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 0, 1, 1);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 0, 2, 2);

            beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
                assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                           row(0, 0, 0),
                           row(0, 1, 1),
                           row(0, 2, 2)
                        );

                assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                           row(0, 2, 2),
                           row(0, 1, 1),
                           row(0, 0, 0)
                        );

                // order by the only column in the selection
                assertRows(execute("SELECT b FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                           row(0), row(1), row(2));

                assertRows(execute("SELECT b FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                           row(2), row(1), row(0));

                // order by a column not in the selection
                assertRows(execute("SELECT c FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                           row(0), row(1), row(2));

                assertRows(execute("SELECT c FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                           row(2), row(1), row(0));
            });
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testFunctionSelectionOrderSingleClustering() throws Throwable
    {
        for (String descOption : new String[]{"", " WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (b DESC)"})
        {
            createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (a int, b int, c int, PRIMARY KEY (a, b))" + descOption);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 0);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 0, 1, 1);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 0, 2, 2);

            beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
                // order by the only column in the selection
                assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                           row(0), row(1), row(2));

                assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                           row(2), row(1), row(0));

                // order by a column not in the selection
                assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(c)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                           row(0), row(1), row(2));

                assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(c)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                           row(2), row(1), row(0));

                assertInvalid("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY c ASC", 0);
                assertInvalid("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY c DESC", 0);
            });
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testFieldSelectionOrderSingleClustering() throws Throwable
    {
        String type = createType("CREATE TYPE %s (a int)");

        for (String descOption : new String[]{"", " WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (b DESC)"})
        {
            createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (a int, b int, c frozen<" + type + "   >, PRIMARY KEY (a, b))" + descOption);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, {a: ?})", 0, 0, 0);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, {a: ?})", 0, 1, 1);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (?, ?, {a: ?})", 0, 2, 2);

            beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
                // order by a column not in the selection
                assertRows(execute("SELECT c.a FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                        row(0), row(1), row(2));
    
                assertRows(execute("SELECT c.a FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                        row(2), row(1), row(0));
    
                assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(c.a)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                           row(2), row(1), row(0));
            });
            dropTable("DROP TABLE %s");
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testNormalSelectionOrderMultipleClustering() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (a int, b int, c int, d int, PRIMARY KEY (a, b, c))");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 0, 0);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 1, 1);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 2, 2);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 1, 0, 3);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 1, 1, 4);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 1, 2, 5);

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                       row(0, 0, 0, 0),
                       row(0, 0, 1, 1),
                       row(0, 0, 2, 2),
                       row(0, 1, 0, 3),
                       row(0, 1, 1, 4),
                       row(0, 1, 2, 5)
                    );

            assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                       row(0, 1, 2, 5),
                       row(0, 1, 1, 4),
                       row(0, 1, 0, 3),
                       row(0, 0, 2, 2),
                       row(0, 0, 1, 1),
                       row(0, 0, 0, 0)
                    );

            assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC, c DESC", 0),
                       row(0, 1, 2, 5),
                       row(0, 1, 1, 4),
                       row(0, 1, 0, 3),
                       row(0, 0, 2, 2),
                       row(0, 0, 1, 1),
                       row(0, 0, 0, 0)
                    );

            assertInvalid("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY c ASC", 0);
            assertInvalid("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY c DESC", 0);
            assertInvalid("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC, c DESC", 0);
            assertInvalid("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC, c ASC", 0);
            assertInvalid("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY d ASC", 0);

            // select and order by b
            assertRows(execute("SELECT b FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                       row(0), row(0), row(0), row(1), row(1), row(1));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT b FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                       row(1), row(1), row(1), row(0), row(0), row(0));

            // select c, order by b
            assertRows(execute("SELECT c FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                       row(0), row(1), row(2), row(0), row(1), row(2));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT c FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                       row(2), row(1), row(0), row(2), row(1), row(0));

            // select c, order by b, c
            assertRows(execute("SELECT c FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC, c ASC", 0),
                       row(0), row(1), row(2), row(0), row(1), row(2));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT c FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC, c DESC", 0),
                       row(2), row(1), row(0), row(2), row(1), row(0));

            // select d, order by b, c
            assertRows(execute("SELECT d FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC, c ASC", 0),
                       row(0), row(1), row(2), row(3), row(4), row(5));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT d FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC, c DESC", 0),
                       row(5), row(4), row(3), row(2), row(1), row(0));
        });
    }

    @Test
    public void testFunctionSelectionOrderMultipleClustering() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (a int, b int, c int, d int, PRIMARY KEY (a, b, c))");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 0, 0);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 1, 1);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 2, 2);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 1, 0, 3);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 1, 1, 4);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 0, 1, 2, 5);

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertInvalid("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY c ASC", 0);
            assertInvalid("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY c DESC", 0);
            assertInvalid("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC, c DESC", 0);
            assertInvalid("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC, c ASC", 0);
            assertInvalid("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY d ASC", 0);

            // select and order by b
            assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                       row(0), row(0), row(0), row(1), row(1), row(1));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                       row(1), row(1), row(1), row(0), row(0), row(0));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT b, blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                       row(0, 0), row(0, 0), row(0, 0), row(1, 1), row(1, 1), row(1, 1));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT b, blobAsInt(intAsBlob(b)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                       row(1, 1), row(1, 1), row(1, 1), row(0, 0), row(0, 0), row(0, 0));

            // select c, order by b
            assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(c)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC", 0),
                       row(0), row(1), row(2), row(0), row(1), row(2));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(c)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC", 0),
                       row(2), row(1), row(0), row(2), row(1), row(0));

            // select c, order by b, c
            assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(c)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC, c ASC", 0),
                       row(0), row(1), row(2), row(0), row(1), row(2));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(c)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC, c DESC", 0),
                       row(2), row(1), row(0), row(2), row(1), row(0));

            // select d, order by b, c
            assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(d)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b ASC, c ASC", 0),
                       row(0), row(1), row(2), row(3), row(4), row(5));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT blobAsInt(intAsBlob(d)) FROM %s WHERE a=? ORDER BY b DESC, c DESC", 0),
                       row(5), row(4), row(3), row(2), row(1), row(0));
        });
    }

    /**
     * Check ORDER BY support in SELECT statement
     * migrated from cql_tests.py:TestCQL.order_by_test()
     */
    @Test
    public void testSimpleOrderBy() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int, c int, v int, PRIMARY KEY (k, c)) WITH COMPACT STORAGE");

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c, v) VALUES (0, ?, ?)", i, i);

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c DESC"),
                       row(9), row(8), row(7), row(6), row(5), row(4), row(3), row(2), row(1), row(0));
        });

        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int, c1 int, c2 int, v int, PRIMARY KEY (k, c1, c2)) WITH COMPACT STORAGE");

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
                execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2, v) VALUES (0, ?, ?, ?)", i, j, i * 2 + j);

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertInvalid("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c DESC");
            assertInvalid("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c2 DESC");
            assertInvalid("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY k DESC");

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c1 DESC"),
                       row(7), row(6), row(5), row(4), row(3), row(2), row(1), row(0));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c1"),
                       row(0), row(1), row(2), row(3), row(4), row(5), row(6), row(7));
        });
    }

    /**
     * More ORDER BY checks (#4160)
     * migrated from cql_tests.py:TestCQL.more_order_by_test()
     */
    @Test
    public void testMoreOrderBy() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (row text, number int, string text, PRIMARY KEY(row, number)) WITH COMPACT STORAGE ");

        execute("INSERT INTO %s (row, number, string) VALUES ('row', 1, 'one')");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (row, number, string) VALUES ('row', 2, 'two')");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (row, number, string) VALUES ('row', 3, 'three')");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (row, number, string) VALUES ('row', 4, 'four')");

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT number FROM %s WHERE row='row' AND number < 3 ORDER BY number ASC"),
                       row(1), row(2));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT number FROM %s WHERE row='row' AND number >= 3 ORDER BY number ASC"),
                       row(3), row(4));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT number FROM %s WHERE row='row' AND number < 3 ORDER BY number DESC"),
                       row(2), row(1));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT number FROM %s WHERE row='row' AND number >= 3 ORDER BY number DESC"),
                       row(4), row(3));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT number FROM %s WHERE row='row' AND number > 3 ORDER BY number DESC"),
                       row(4));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT number FROM %s WHERE row='row' AND number <= 3 ORDER BY number DESC"),
                       row(3), row(2), row(1));
        });
    }

    /**
     * Check we don't allow order by on row key (#4246)
     * migrated from cql_tests.py:TestCQL.order_by_validation_test()
     */
    @Test
    public void testInvalidOrderBy() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s( k1 int, k2 int, v int, PRIMARY KEY (k1, k2))");

        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k1, k2, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 0, 0, 0);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k1, k2, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 1, 1, 1);
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k1, k2, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", 2, 2, 2);

        assertInvalid("SELECT * FROM %s ORDER BY k2");
    }

    /**
     * Check that order-by works with IN (#4327)
     * migrated from cql_tests.py:TestCQL.order_by_with_in_test()
     */
    @Test
    public void testOrderByForInClause() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (my_id varchar, col1 int, value varchar, PRIMARY KEY (my_id, col1))");

        execute("INSERT INTO %s (my_id, col1, value) VALUES ( 'key1', 1, 'a')");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (my_id, col1, value) VALUES ( 'key2', 3, 'c')");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (my_id, col1, value) VALUES ( 'key3', 2, 'b')");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (my_id, col1, value) VALUES ( 'key4', 4, 'd')");

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT col1 FROM %s WHERE my_id in('key1', 'key2', 'key3') ORDER BY col1"),
                       row(1), row(2), row(3));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT col1 FROM %s WHERE my_id in('key1', 'key2', 'key3') ORDER BY col1 LIMIT 2"),
                       row(1), row(2));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT col1 FROM %s WHERE my_id in('key1', 'key2', 'key3') ORDER BY col1 LIMIT 10"),
                       row(1), row(2), row(3));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT col1, my_id FROM %s WHERE my_id in('key1', 'key2', 'key3') ORDER BY col1"),
                       row(1, "key1"), row(2, "key3"), row(3, "key2"));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT my_id, col1 FROM %s WHERE my_id in('key1', 'key2', 'key3') ORDER BY col1"),
                       row("key1", 1), row("key3", 2), row("key2", 3));
        });

        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (pk1 int, pk2 int, c int, v text, PRIMARY KEY ((pk1, pk2), c) )");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk1, pk2, c, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 1, 1, 2, "A");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk1, pk2, c, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 1, 2, 1, "B");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk1, pk2, c, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 1, 3, 3, "C");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk1, pk2, c, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", 1, 1, 4, "D");

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
        assertRows(execute("SELECT v, ttl(v), c FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c; ", 1, 1, 2),
                   row("B", null, 1),
                   row("A", null, 2),
                   row("D", null, 4));

        assertRows(execute("SELECT v, ttl(v), c as name_1 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c; ", 1, 1, 2),
                   row("B", null, 1),
                   row("A", null, 2),
                   row("D", null, 4));

        assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c; ", 1, 1, 2),
                   row("B"),
                   row("A"),
                   row("D"));

        assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c LIMIT 2; ", 1, 1, 2),
                   row("B"),
                   row("A"));

        assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c LIMIT 10; ", 1, 1, 2),
                   row("B"),
                   row("A"),
                   row("D"));

        assertRows(execute("SELECT v as c FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c; ", 1, 1, 2),
                   row("B"),
                   row("A"),
                   row("D"));
        });

        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (pk1 int, pk2 int, c1 int, c2 int, v text, PRIMARY KEY ((pk1, pk2), c1, c2) )");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk1, pk2, c1, c2, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", 1, 1, 4, 4, "A");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk1, pk2, c1, c2, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", 1, 2, 1, 2, "B");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk1, pk2, c1, c2, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", 1, 3, 3, 3, "C");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk1, pk2, c1, c2, v) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", 1, 1, 4, 1, "D");

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT v, ttl(v), c1, c2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1, c2; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("B", null, 1, 2),
                       row("D", null, 4, 1),
                       row("A", null, 4, 4));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v, ttl(v), c1 as name_1, c2 as name_2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1, c2; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("B", null, 1, 2),
                       row("D", null, 4, 1),
                       row("A", null, 4, 4));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1, c2; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("B"),
                       row("D"),
                       row("A"));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v as c2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1, c2; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("B"),
                       row("D"),
                       row("A"));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v as c2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1, c2 LIMIT 2; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("B"),
                       row("D"));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v as c2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1, c2 LIMIT 10; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("B"),
                       row("D"),
                       row("A"));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v as c2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1 DESC , c2 DESC; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("A"),
                       row("D"),
                       row("B"));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v as c2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1 DESC , c2 DESC LIMIT 2; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("A"),
                       row("D"));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v as c2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1 DESC , c2 DESC LIMIT 10; ", 1, 1, 2),
                       row("A"),
                       row("D"),
                       row("B"));

            assertInvalidMessage("LIMIT must be strictly positive",
                                 "SELECT v as c2 FROM %s where pk1 = ? AND pk2 IN (?, ?) ORDER BY c1 DESC , c2 DESC LIMIT 0; ", 1, 1, 2);
        });
    }

    @Test
    public void testOrderByForInClauseWithNullValue() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (a int, b int, c int, s int static, d int, PRIMARY KEY (a, b, c))");

        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 1)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (1, 1, 2, 1)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 1)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c, d) VALUES (2, 2, 2, 1)");

        execute("UPDATE %s SET s = 1 WHERE a = 1");
        execute("UPDATE %s SET s = 2 WHERE a = 2");
        execute("UPDATE %s SET s = 3 WHERE a = 3");

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT a, b, c, d, s FROM %s WHERE a IN (1, 2, 3) ORDER BY b DESC"),
                       row(2, 2, 2, 1, 2),
                       row(2, 2, 1, 1, 2),
                       row(1, 1, 2, 1, 1),
                       row(1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
                       row(3, null, null, null, 3));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT a, b, c, d, s FROM %s WHERE a IN (1, 2, 3) ORDER BY b ASC"),
                       row(3, null, null, null, 3),
                       row(1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
                       row(1, 1, 2, 1, 1),
                       row(2, 2, 1, 1, 2),
                       row(2, 2, 2, 1, 2));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT a, b, c, d, s FROM %s WHERE a IN (1, 2, 3) ORDER BY b DESC , c DESC"),
                       row(2, 2, 2, 1, 2),
                       row(2, 2, 1, 1, 2),
                       row(1, 1, 2, 1, 1),
                       row(1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
                       row(3, null, null, null, 3));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT a, b, c, d, s FROM %s WHERE a IN (1, 2, 3) ORDER BY b ASC, c ASC"),
                       row(3, null, null, null, 3),
                       row(1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
                       row(1, 1, 2, 1, 1),
                       row(2, 2, 1, 1, 2),
                       row(2, 2, 2, 1, 2));
        });
    }

    /**
     * Test reversed comparators
     * migrated from cql_tests.py:TestCQL.reversed_comparator_test()
     */
    @Test
    public void testReversedComparator() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int, c int, v int, PRIMARY KEY (k, c)) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (c DESC);");

        for(int i =0; i < 10; i++)
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c, v) VALUES (0, ?, ?)", i, i);

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT c, v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c ASC"),
                       row(0, 0), row(1, 1), row(2, 2), row(3, 3), row(4, 4),
                       row(5, 5), row(6, 6), row(7, 7), row(8, 8), row(9, 9));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT c, v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c DESC"),
                       row(9, 9), row(8, 8), row(7, 7), row(6, 6), row(5, 5),
                       row(4, 4), row(3, 3), row(2, 2), row(1, 1), row(0, 0));
        });

        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int, c1 int, c2 int, v text, PRIMARY KEY (k, c1, c2)) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (c1 ASC, c2 DESC)");

        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2, v) VALUES (0, ?, ?, ?)", i, j, String.format("%d%d", i, j));

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertInvalid("SELECT c1, c2, v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c1 ASC, c2 ASC");
            assertInvalid("SELECT c1, c2, v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c1 DESC, c2 DESC");

            Object[][] expectedRows = new Object[100][];
            for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                for(int j = 9; j >= 0; j--)
                    expectedRows[i * 10 + (9 - j)] = row(i, j, String.format("%d%d", i, j));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT c1, c2, v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c1 ASC"),
                       expectedRows);

            assertRows(execute("SELECT c1, c2, v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c1 ASC, c2 DESC"),
                       expectedRows);

            for(int i = 9; i >= 0; i--)
                for(int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
                    expectedRows[(9 - i) * 10 + j] = row(i, j, String.format("%d%d", i, j));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT c1, c2, v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c1 DESC, c2 ASC"),
                       expectedRows);

            assertInvalid("SELECT c1, c2, v FROM %s WHERE k = 0 ORDER BY c2 DESC, c1 ASC");
        });
    }

    /**
     * Migrated from cql_tests.py:TestCQL.multiordering_test()
     */
    @Test
    public void testMultiordering() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k text, c1 int, c2 int, PRIMARY KEY (k, c1, c2) ) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (c1 ASC, c2 DESC)");

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
                    execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2) VALUES ('foo', ?, ?)", i, j);

            assertRows(execute("SELECT c1, c2 FROM %s WHERE k = 'foo'"),
                       row(0, 1), row(0, 0), row(1, 1), row(1, 0));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT c1, c2 FROM %s WHERE k = 'foo' ORDER BY c1 ASC, c2 DESC"),
                       row(0, 1), row(0, 0), row(1, 1), row(1, 0));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT c1, c2 FROM %s WHERE k = 'foo' ORDER BY c1 DESC, c2 ASC"),
                       row(1, 0), row(1, 1), row(0, 0), row(0, 1));

            assertInvalid("SELECT c1, c2 FROM %s WHERE k = 'foo' ORDER BY c2 DESC");
            assertInvalid("SELECT c1, c2 FROM %s WHERE k = 'foo' ORDER BY c2 ASC");
            assertInvalid("SELECT c1, c2 FROM %s WHERE k = 'foo' ORDER BY c1 ASC, c2 ASC");
        });
    }

    /**
     * Migrated from cql_tests.py:TestCQL.in_with_desc_order_test()
     */
    @Test
    public void testSelectInStatementWithDesc() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int, c1 int, c2 int, PRIMARY KEY (k, c1, c2))");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s(k, c1, c2) VALUES (0, 0, 0)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s(k, c1, c2) VALUES (0, 0, 1)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s(k, c1, c2) VALUES (0, 0, 2)");

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE k=0 AND c1 = 0 AND c2 IN (2, 0) ORDER BY c1 DESC"),
                       row(0, 0, 2),
                       row(0, 0, 0));
        });
    }

    /**
     * Test that columns don't need to be selected for ORDER BY when there is a IN (#4911),
     * migrated from cql_tests.py:TestCQL.in_order_by_without_selecting_test()
     */
    @Test
    public void testInOrderByWithoutSelecting() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (k int, c1 int, c2 int, v int, PRIMARY KEY (k, c1, c2))");

        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2, v) VALUES (0, 0, 0, 0)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2, v) VALUES (0, 0, 1, 1)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2, v) VALUES (0, 0, 2, 2)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2, v) VALUES (1, 1, 0, 3)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2, v) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 4)");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (k, c1, c2, v) VALUES (1, 1, 2, 5)");

        beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
            assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE k=0 AND c1 = 0 AND c2 IN (2, 0)"),
                       row(0, 0, 0, 0),
                       row(0, 0, 2, 2));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE k=0 AND c1 = 0 AND c2 IN (2, 0) ORDER BY c1 ASC, c2 ASC"),
                       row(0, 0, 0, 0),
                       row(0, 0, 2, 2));

            // check that we don 't need to select the column on which we order
            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k=0 AND c1 = 0 AND c2 IN (2, 0)"),
                       row(0),
                       row(2));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k=0 AND c1 = 0 AND c2 IN (2, 0) ORDER BY c1 ASC"),
                       row(0),
                       row(2));
            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k=0 AND c1 = 0 AND c2 IN (2, 0) ORDER BY c1 DESC"),
                       row(2),
                       row(0));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k IN (1, 0)"),
                       row(0),
                       row(1),
                       row(2),
                       row(3),
                       row(4),
                       row(5));

            assertRows(execute("SELECT v FROM %s WHERE k IN (1, 0) ORDER BY c1 ASC"),
                       row(0),
                       row(1),
                       row(2),
                       row(3),
                       row(4),
                       row(5));

            // we should also be able to use functions in the select clause (additional test for CASSANDRA - 8286)
            Object[][] results = getRows(execute("SELECT writetime(v) FROM %s WHERE k IN (1, 0) ORDER BY c1 ASC"));

            // since we don 't know the write times, just assert that the order matches the order we expect
            assertTrue(isFirstIntSorted(results));
        });
    }

    @Test
    public void testInOrderByWithTwoPartitionKeyColumns() throws Throwable
    {
        for (String option : asList("", "WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (col_3 DESC)"))
        {
            createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (col_1 int, col_2 int, col_3 int, PRIMARY KEY ((col_1, col_2), col_3)) " + option);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (col_1, col_2, col_3) VALUES(?, ?, ?)", 1, 1, 1);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (col_1, col_2, col_3) VALUES(?, ?, ?)", 1, 1, 2);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (col_1, col_2, col_3) VALUES(?, ?, ?)", 1, 1, 13);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (col_1, col_2, col_3) VALUES(?, ?, ?)", 1, 2, 10);
            execute("INSERT INTO %s (col_1, col_2, col_3) VALUES(?, ?, ?)", 1, 2, 11);

            beforeAndAfterFlush(() -> {
                assertRows(execute("select * from %s where col_1=? and col_2 IN (?, ?) order by col_3;", 1, 1, 2),
                           row(1, 1, 1),
                           row(1, 1, 2),
                           row(1, 2, 10),
                           row(1, 2, 11),
                           row(1, 1, 13));

                assertRows(execute("select * from %s where col_1=? and col_2 IN (?, ?) order by col_3 desc;", 1, 1, 2),
                           row(1, 1, 13),
                           row(1, 2, 11),
                           row(1, 2, 10),
                           row(1, 1, 2),
                           row(1, 1, 1));

                assertRows(execute("select * from %s where col_2 IN (?, ?) and col_1=? order by col_3;", 1, 2, 1),
                           row(1, 1, 1),
                           row(1, 1, 2),
                           row(1, 2, 10),
                           row(1, 2, 11),
                           row(1, 1, 13));

                assertRows(execute("select * from %s where col_2 IN (?, ?) and col_1=? order by col_3 desc;", 1, 2, 1),
                           row(1, 1, 13),
                           row(1, 2, 11),
                           row(1, 2, 10),
                           row(1, 1, 2),
                           row(1, 1, 1));
            });
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectWithReversedTypeInReverseOrderWithStaticColumnsWithoutStaticRow() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (a int, b int, c int, d int static, PRIMARY KEY (a, b)) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (b DESC);");

        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (1, 1, 1);");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (1, 2, 2);");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (1, 3, 3);");

        // read in comparator order
        assertRows(execute("SELECT b, c FROM %s WHERE a = 1 ORDER BY b DESC;"),
                   row(3, 3),
                   row(2, 2),
                   row(1, 1));

        // read in reverse comparator order
        assertRows(execute("SELECT b, c FROM %s WHERE a = 1 ORDER BY b ASC;"),
                   row(1, 1),
                   row(2, 2),
                   row(3, 3));

        /*
         * Flush the sstable. We *should* see the same results when reading in both directions, but prior to CASSANDRA-14910
         * fix this would now have returned an empty result set when reading in reverse comparator order.
         */
        flush();

        // read in comparator order
        assertRows(execute("SELECT b, c FROM %s WHERE a = 1 ORDER BY b DESC;"),
                   row(3, 3),
                   row(2, 2),
                   row(1, 1));

        // read in reverse comparator order
        assertRows(execute("SELECT b, c FROM %s WHERE a = 1 ORDER BY b ASC;"),
                   row(1, 1),
                   row(2, 2),
                   row(3, 3));
    }

    @Test
    public void testSelectWithReversedTypeInReverseOrderWithStaticColumnsWithStaticRow() throws Throwable
    {
        createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (a int, b int, c int, d int static, PRIMARY KEY (a, b)) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (b DESC)");

        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, d) VALUES (1, 0);");

        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (1, 1, 1);");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (1, 2, 2);");
        execute("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, c) VALUES (1, 3, 3);");

        // read in comparator order
        assertRows(execute("SELECT b, c, d FROM %s WHERE a = 1 ORDER BY b DESC;"),
                   row(3, 3, 0),
                   row(2, 2, 0),
                   row(1, 1, 0));

        // read in reverse comparator order
        assertRows(execute("SELECT b, c, d FROM %s WHERE a = 1 ORDER BY b ASC;"),
                   row(1, 1, 0),
                   row(2, 2, 0),
                   row(3, 3, 0));

        flush();

        // read in comparator order
        assertRows(execute("SELECT b, c, d FROM %s WHERE a = 1 ORDER BY b DESC;"),
                   row(3, 3, 0),
                   row(2, 2, 0),
                   row(1, 1, 0));

        // read in reverse comparator order
        assertRows(execute("SELECT b, c, d FROM %s WHERE a = 1 ORDER BY b ASC;"),
                   row(1, 1, 0),
                   row(2, 2, 0),
                   row(3, 3, 0));
    }

    private boolean isFirstIntSorted(Object[][] rows)
    {
        for (int i = 1; i < rows.length; i++)
        {
            Long prev = (Long)rows[i-1][0];
            Long curr = (Long)rows[i][0];

            if (prev > curr)
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }
}