/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.UUID;

import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.apache.cassandra.OrderedJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.apache.cassandra.SchemaLoader;
import org.apache.cassandra.Util;
import org.apache.cassandra.UpdateBuilder;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.ColumnFamilyStore;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.DecoratedKey;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.Keyspace;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Range;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Token;
import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.ConfigurationException;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.ISSTableScanner;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.format.SSTableReader;
import org.apache.cassandra.notifications.SSTableAddedNotification;
import org.apache.cassandra.notifications.SSTableRepairStatusChanged;
import org.apache.cassandra.repair.RepairJobDesc;
import org.apache.cassandra.repair.Validator;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.CompactionParams;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.KeyspaceParams;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.ActiveRepairService;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;

import static java.util.Collections.singleton;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

@RunWith(OrderedJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class LeveledCompactionStrategyTest
{
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LeveledCompactionStrategyTest.class);

    private static final String KEYSPACE1 = "LeveledCompactionStrategyTest";
    private static final String CF_STANDARDDLEVELED = "StandardLeveled";
    private Keyspace keyspace;
    private ColumnFamilyStore cfs;

    @BeforeClass
    public static void defineSchema() throws ConfigurationException
    {
        // Disable tombstone histogram rounding for tests
        System.setProperty("cassandra.streaminghistogram.roundseconds", "1");

        SchemaLoader.prepareServer();

        SchemaLoader.createKeyspace(KEYSPACE1,
                                    KeyspaceParams.simple(1),
                                    SchemaLoader.standardCFMD(KEYSPACE1, CF_STANDARDDLEVELED)
                                                .compaction(CompactionParams.lcs(Collections.singletonMap("sstable_size_in_mb", "1"))));
        }

    @Before
    public void enableCompaction()
    {
        keyspace = Keyspace.open(KEYSPACE1);
        cfs = keyspace.getColumnFamilyStore(CF_STANDARDDLEVELED);
        cfs.enableAutoCompaction();
    }

    /**
     * Since we use StandardLeveled CF for every test, we want to clean up after the test.
     */
    @After
    public void truncateSTandardLeveled()
    {
        cfs.truncateBlocking();
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that the grouping operation preserves the levels of grouped tables
     */
    @Test
    public void testGrouperLevels() throws Exception{
        ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[100 * 1024]); // 100 KB value, make it easy to have multiple files

        //Need entropy to prevent compression so size is predictable with compression enabled/disabled
        new Random().nextBytes(value.array());

        // Enough data to have a level 1 and 2
        int rows = 40;
        int columns = 20;

        // Adds enough data to trigger multiple sstable per level
        for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)
        {
            UpdateBuilder update = UpdateBuilder.create(cfs.metadata, String.valueOf(r));
            for (int c = 0; c < columns; c++)
                update.newRow("column" + c).add("val", value);
            update.applyUnsafe();
            cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
        }

        waitForLeveling(cfs);
        CompactionStrategyManager strategyManager = cfs.getCompactionStrategyManager();
        // Checking we're not completely bad at math

        int l1Count = strategyManager.getSSTableCountPerLevel()[1];
        int l2Count = strategyManager.getSSTableCountPerLevel()[2];
        if (l1Count == 0 || l2Count == 0)
        {
            logger.error("L1 or L2 has 0 sstables. Expected > 0 on both.");
            logger.error("L1: " + l1Count);
            logger.error("L2: " + l2Count);
            Assert.fail();
        }

        Collection<Collection<SSTableReader>> groupedSSTables = cfs.getCompactionStrategyManager().groupSSTablesForAntiCompaction(cfs.getLiveSSTables());
        for (Collection<SSTableReader> sstableGroup : groupedSSTables)
        {
            int groupLevel = -1;
            Iterator<SSTableReader> it = sstableGroup.iterator();
            while (it.hasNext())
            {

                SSTableReader sstable = it.next();
                int tableLevel = sstable.getSSTableLevel();
                if (groupLevel == -1)
                    groupLevel = tableLevel;
                assert groupLevel == tableLevel;
            }
        }

    }

    /*
     * This exercises in particular the code of #4142
     */
    @Test
    public void testValidationMultipleSSTablePerLevel() throws Exception
    {
        byte [] b = new byte[100 * 1024];
        new Random().nextBytes(b);
        ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(b); // 100 KB value, make it easy to have multiple files

        // Enough data to have a level 1 and 2
        int rows = 40;
        int columns = 20;

        // Adds enough data to trigger multiple sstable per level
        for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)
        {
            UpdateBuilder update = UpdateBuilder.create(cfs.metadata, String.valueOf(r));
            for (int c = 0; c < columns; c++)
                update.newRow("column" + c).add("val", value);
            update.applyUnsafe();
            cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
        }

        waitForLeveling(cfs);
        CompactionStrategyManager strategyManager = cfs.getCompactionStrategyManager();
        // Checking we're not completely bad at math
        assertTrue(strategyManager.getSSTableCountPerLevel()[1] > 0);
        assertTrue(strategyManager.getSSTableCountPerLevel()[2] > 0);

        Range<Token> range = new Range<>(Util.token(""), Util.token(""));
        int gcBefore = keyspace.getColumnFamilyStore(CF_STANDARDDLEVELED).gcBefore(FBUtilities.nowInSeconds());
        UUID parentRepSession = UUID.randomUUID();
        ActiveRepairService.instance.registerParentRepairSession(parentRepSession, FBUtilities.getBroadcastAddress(), Arrays.asList(cfs), Arrays.asList(range), false, System.currentTimeMillis(), true);
        RepairJobDesc desc = new RepairJobDesc(parentRepSession, UUID.randomUUID(), KEYSPACE1, CF_STANDARDDLEVELED, Arrays.asList(range));
        Validator validator = new Validator(desc, FBUtilities.getBroadcastAddress(), gcBefore);
        CompactionManager.instance.submitValidation(cfs, validator).get();
    }

    /**
     * wait for leveled compaction to quiesce on the given columnfamily
     */
    public static void waitForLeveling(ColumnFamilyStore cfs) throws InterruptedException
    {
        CompactionStrategyManager strategyManager = cfs.getCompactionStrategyManager();
        while (true)
        {
            // since we run several compaction strategies we wait until L0 in all strategies is empty and
            // atleast one L1+ is non-empty. In these tests we always run a single data directory with only unrepaired data
            // so it should be good enough
            boolean allL0Empty = true;
            boolean anyL1NonEmpty = false;
            for (List<AbstractCompactionStrategy> strategies : strategyManager.getStrategies())
            {
                for (AbstractCompactionStrategy strategy : strategies)
                {
                    if (!(strategy instanceof LeveledCompactionStrategy))
                        return;
                    // note that we check > 1 here, if there is too little data in L0, we don't compact it up to L1
                    if (((LeveledCompactionStrategy)strategy).getLevelSize(0) > 1)
                        allL0Empty = false;
                    for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
                        if (((LeveledCompactionStrategy)strategy).getLevelSize(i) > 0)
                            anyL1NonEmpty = true;
                }
            }
            if (allL0Empty && anyL1NonEmpty)
                return;
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testCompactionProgress() throws Exception
    {
        // make sure we have SSTables in L1
        byte [] b = new byte[100 * 1024];
        new Random().nextBytes(b);
        ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(b);
        int rows = 2;
        int columns = 10;
        for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)
        {
            UpdateBuilder update = UpdateBuilder.create(cfs.metadata, String.valueOf(r));
            for (int c = 0; c < columns; c++)
                update.newRow("column" + c).add("val", value);
            update.applyUnsafe();
            cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
        }

        waitForLeveling(cfs);
        LeveledCompactionStrategy strategy = (LeveledCompactionStrategy) cfs.getCompactionStrategyManager().getStrategies().get(1).get(0);
        assert strategy.getLevelSize(1) > 0;

        // get LeveledScanner for level 1 sstables
        Collection<SSTableReader> sstables = strategy.manifest.getLevel(1);
        List<ISSTableScanner> scanners = strategy.getScanners(sstables).scanners;
        assertEquals(1, scanners.size()); // should be one per level
        ISSTableScanner scanner = scanners.get(0);
        // scan through to the end
        while (scanner.hasNext())
            scanner.next();

        // scanner.getCurrentPosition should be equal to total bytes of L1 sstables
        assertEquals(scanner.getCurrentPosition(), SSTableReader.getTotalUncompressedBytes(sstables));
    }

    @Test
    public void testMutateLevel() throws Exception
    {
        cfs.disableAutoCompaction();
        ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[100 * 1024]); // 100 KB value, make it easy to have multiple files

        // Enough data to have a level 1 and 2
        int rows = 40;
        int columns = 20;

        // Adds enough data to trigger multiple sstable per level
        for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)
        {
            UpdateBuilder update = UpdateBuilder.create(cfs.metadata, String.valueOf(r));
            for (int c = 0; c < columns; c++)
                update.newRow("column" + c).add("val", value);
            update.applyUnsafe();
            cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
        }
        cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
        LeveledCompactionStrategy strategy = (LeveledCompactionStrategy) cfs.getCompactionStrategyManager().getStrategies().get(1).get(0);
        cfs.forceMajorCompaction();

        for (SSTableReader s : cfs.getLiveSSTables())
        {
            assertTrue(s.getSSTableLevel() != 6 && s.getSSTableLevel() > 0);
            strategy.manifest.remove(s);
            s.descriptor.getMetadataSerializer().mutateLevel(s.descriptor, 6);
            s.reloadSSTableMetadata();
            strategy.manifest.add(s);
        }
        // verify that all sstables in the changed set is level 6
        for (SSTableReader s : cfs.getLiveSSTables())
            assertEquals(6, s.getSSTableLevel());

        int[] levels = strategy.manifest.getAllLevelSize();
        // verify that the manifest has correct amount of sstables
        assertEquals(cfs.getLiveSSTables().size(), levels[6]);
    }

    @Test
    public void testNewRepairedSSTable() throws Exception
    {
        byte [] b = new byte[100 * 1024];
        new Random().nextBytes(b);
        ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(b); // 100 KB value, make it easy to have multiple files

        // Enough data to have a level 1 and 2
        int rows = 40;
        int columns = 20;

        // Adds enough data to trigger multiple sstable per level
        for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)
        {
            UpdateBuilder update = UpdateBuilder.create(cfs.metadata, String.valueOf(r));
            for (int c = 0; c < columns; c++)
                update.newRow("column" + c).add("val", value);
            update.applyUnsafe();
            cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
        }
        waitForLeveling(cfs);
        cfs.disableAutoCompaction();

        while(CompactionManager.instance.isCompacting(Arrays.asList(cfs)))
            Thread.sleep(100);

        CompactionStrategyManager manager = cfs.getCompactionStrategyManager();
        List<List<AbstractCompactionStrategy>> strategies = manager.getStrategies();
        LeveledCompactionStrategy repaired = (LeveledCompactionStrategy) strategies.get(0).get(0);
        LeveledCompactionStrategy unrepaired = (LeveledCompactionStrategy) strategies.get(1).get(0);
        assertEquals(0, repaired.manifest.getLevelCount() );
        assertEquals(2, unrepaired.manifest.getLevelCount());
        assertTrue(manager.getSSTableCountPerLevel()[1] > 0);
        assertTrue(manager.getSSTableCountPerLevel()[2] > 0);

        for (SSTableReader sstable : cfs.getLiveSSTables())
            assertFalse(sstable.isRepaired());

        int sstableCount = 0;
        for (List<SSTableReader> level : unrepaired.manifest.generations)
            sstableCount += level.size();
        // we only have unrepaired sstables:
        assertEquals(sstableCount, cfs.getLiveSSTables().size());

        SSTableReader sstable1 = unrepaired.manifest.generations[2].get(0);
        SSTableReader sstable2 = unrepaired.manifest.generations[1].get(0);

        sstable1.descriptor.getMetadataSerializer().mutateRepairedAt(sstable1.descriptor, System.currentTimeMillis());
        sstable1.reloadSSTableMetadata();
        assertTrue(sstable1.isRepaired());

        manager.handleNotification(new SSTableRepairStatusChanged(Arrays.asList(sstable1)), this);

        int repairedSSTableCount = 0;
        for (List<SSTableReader> level : repaired.manifest.generations)
            repairedSSTableCount += level.size();
        assertEquals(1, repairedSSTableCount);
        // make sure the repaired sstable ends up in the same level in the repaired manifest:
        assertTrue(repaired.manifest.generations[2].contains(sstable1));
        // and that it is gone from unrepaired
        assertFalse(unrepaired.manifest.generations[2].contains(sstable1));

        unrepaired.removeSSTable(sstable2);
        manager.handleNotification(new SSTableAddedNotification(singleton(sstable2)), this);
        assertTrue(unrepaired.manifest.getLevel(1).contains(sstable2));
        assertFalse(repaired.manifest.getLevel(1).contains(sstable2));
    }


    @Test
    public void testTokenRangeCompaction() throws Exception
    {
        // Remove any existing data so we can start out clean with predictable number of sstables
        cfs.truncateBlocking();

        // Disable auto compaction so cassandra does not compact
        CompactionManager.instance.disableAutoCompaction();

        ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(new byte[100 * 1024]); // 100 KB value, make it easy to have multiple files

        DecoratedKey key1 = Util.dk(String.valueOf(1));
        DecoratedKey key2 = Util.dk(String.valueOf(2));
        List<DecoratedKey> keys = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(key1, key2));
        int numIterations = 10;
        int columns = 2;

        // Add enough data to trigger multiple sstables.

        // create 10 sstables that contain data for both key1 and key2
        for (int i = 0; i < numIterations; i++) {
            for (DecoratedKey key : keys) {
                UpdateBuilder update = UpdateBuilder.create(cfs.metadata, key);
                for (int c = 0; c < columns; c++)
                    update.newRow("column" + c).add("val", value);
                update.applyUnsafe();
            }
            cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
        }

        // create 20 more sstables with 10 containing data for key1 and other 10 containing data for key2
        for (int i = 0; i < numIterations; i++) {
            for (DecoratedKey key : keys) {
                UpdateBuilder update = UpdateBuilder.create(cfs.metadata, key);
                for (int c = 0; c < columns; c++)
                    update.newRow("column" + c).add("val", value);
                update.applyUnsafe();
                cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
            }
        }

        // We should have a total of 30 sstables by now
        assertEquals(30, cfs.getLiveSSTables().size());

        // Compact just the tables with key2
        // Bit hackish to use the key1.token as the prior key but works in BytesToken
        Range<Token> tokenRange = new Range<>(key2.getToken(), key2.getToken());
        Collection<Range<Token>> tokenRanges = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(tokenRange));
        cfs.forceCompactionForTokenRange(tokenRanges);

        while(CompactionManager.instance.isCompacting(Arrays.asList(cfs))) {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }

        // 20 tables that have key2 should have been compacted in to 1 table resulting in 11 (30-20+1)
        assertEquals(11, cfs.getLiveSSTables().size());

        // Compact just the tables with key1. At this point all 11 tables should have key1
        Range<Token> tokenRange2 = new Range<>(key1.getToken(), key1.getToken());
        Collection<Range<Token>> tokenRanges2 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(tokenRange2));
        cfs.forceCompactionForTokenRange(tokenRanges2);


        while(CompactionManager.instance.isCompacting(Arrays.asList(cfs))) {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }

        // the 11 tables containing key1 should all compact to 1 table
        assertEquals(1, cfs.getLiveSSTables().size());
    }

    @Test
    public void testCompactionCandidateOrdering() throws Exception
    {
        // add some data
        byte [] b = new byte[100 * 1024];
        new Random().nextBytes(b);
        ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(b);
        int rows = 4;
        int columns = 10;
        // Just keep sstables in L0 for this test
        cfs.disableAutoCompaction();
        for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)
        {
            UpdateBuilder update = UpdateBuilder.create(cfs.metadata, String.valueOf(r));
            for (int c = 0; c < columns; c++)
                update.newRow("column" + c).add("val", value);
            update.applyUnsafe();
            cfs.forceBlockingFlush();
        }
        LeveledCompactionStrategy strategy = (LeveledCompactionStrategy) (cfs.getCompactionStrategyManager()).getStrategies().get(1).get(0);
        // get readers for level 0 sstables
        Collection<SSTableReader> sstables = strategy.manifest.getLevel(0);
        Collection<SSTableReader> sortedCandidates = strategy.manifest.ageSortedSSTables(sstables);
        assertTrue(String.format("More than 1 sstable required for test, found: %d .", sortedCandidates.size()), sortedCandidates.size() > 1);
        long lastMaxTimeStamp = Long.MIN_VALUE;
        for (SSTableReader sstable : sortedCandidates)
        {
            assertTrue(String.format("SStables not sorted into oldest to newest by maxTimestamp. Current sstable: %d , last sstable: %d", sstable.getMaxTimestamp(), lastMaxTimeStamp),
                       sstable.getMaxTimestamp() > lastMaxTimeStamp);
            lastMaxTimeStamp = sstable.getMaxTimestamp();
        }
    }
}