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| <div class="section" id="json-support"> |
| <span id="cql-json"></span><h1>JSON Support<a class="headerlink" href="#json-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>Cassandra 2.2 introduces JSON support to <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#select-statement"><span class="std std-ref">SELECT</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#insert-statement"><span class="std std-ref">INSERT</span></a> |
| statements. This support does not fundamentally alter the CQL API (for example, the schema is still enforced), it simply |
| provides a convenient way to work with JSON documents.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="select-json"> |
| <h2>SELECT JSON<a class="headerlink" href="#select-json" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>With <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statements, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> keyword can be used to return each row as a single <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> encoded map. The |
| remainder of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement behavior is the same.</p> |
| <p>The result map keys are the same as the column names in a normal result set. For example, a statement like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span> |
| <span class="pre">a,</span> <span class="pre">ttl(b)</span> <span class="pre">FROM</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code> would result in a map with keys <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"a"</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"ttl(b)"</span></code>. However, this is one notable exception: |
| for symmetry with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code> behavior, case-sensitive column names with upper-case letters will be surrounded with |
| double quotes. For example, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span> <span class="pre">myColumn</span> <span class="pre">FROM</span> <span class="pre">...</span></code> would result in a map key <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">"\"myColumn\""</span></code> (note the |
| escaped quotes).</p> |
| <p>The map values will <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code>-encoded representations (as described below) of the result set values.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="insert-json"> |
| <h2>INSERT JSON<a class="headerlink" href="#insert-json" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>With <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span></code> statements, the new <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> keyword can be used to enable inserting a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> encoded map as a single |
| row. The format of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> map should generally match that returned by a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code> statement on the same |
| table. In particular, case-sensitive column names should be surrounded with double quotes. For example, to insert into a |
| table with two columns named “myKey” and “value”, you would do the following:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-cql"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">mytable</span> <span class="k">JSON</span> <span class="s1">'{ "\"myKey\"": 0, "value": 0}'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>By default (or if <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DEFAULT</span> <span class="pre">NULL</span></code> is explicitly used), a column omitted from the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> map will be set to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NULL</span></code>, |
| meaning that any pre-existing value for that column will be removed (resulting in a tombstone being created). |
| Alternatively, if the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DEFAULT</span> <span class="pre">UNSET</span></code> directive is used after the value, omitted column values will be left unset, |
| meaning that pre-existing values for those column will be preserved.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="json-encoding-of-cassandra-data-types"> |
| <h2>JSON Encoding of Cassandra Data Types<a class="headerlink" href="#json-encoding-of-cassandra-data-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Where possible, Cassandra will represent and accept data types in their native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> representation. Cassandra will |
| also accept string representations matching the CQL literal format for all single-field types. For example, floats, |
| ints, UUIDs, and dates can be represented by CQL literal strings. However, compound types, such as collections, tuples, |
| and user-defined types must be represented by native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">JSON</span></code> collections (maps and lists) or a JSON-encoded string |
| representation of the collection.</p> |
| <p>The following table describes the encodings that Cassandra will accept in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code> values (and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromJson()</span></code> |
| arguments) as well as the format Cassandra will use when returning data for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code> statements (and |
| <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromJson()</span></code>):</p> |
| <table border="1" class="docutils"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col width="13%" /> |
| <col width="21%" /> |
| <col width="13%" /> |
| <col width="54%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead valign="bottom"> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Type</th> |
| <th class="head">Formats accepted</th> |
| <th class="head">Return format</th> |
| <th class="head">Notes</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody valign="top"> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ascii</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>Uses JSON’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\u</span></code> character escape</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bigint</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, string</td> |
| <td>integer</td> |
| <td>String must be valid 64 bit integer</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">blob</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>String should be 0x followed by an even number of hex digits</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boolean</span></code></td> |
| <td>boolean, string</td> |
| <td>boolean</td> |
| <td>String must be “true” or “false”</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>Date in format <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DD</span></code>, timezone UTC</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">decimal</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, float, string</td> |
| <td>float</td> |
| <td>May exceed 32 or 64-bit IEEE-754 floating point precision in |
| client-side decoder</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">double</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, float, string</td> |
| <td>float</td> |
| <td>String must be valid integer or float</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">float</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, float, string</td> |
| <td>float</td> |
| <td>String must be valid integer or float</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inet</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>IPv4 or IPv6 address</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">int</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, string</td> |
| <td>integer</td> |
| <td>String must be valid 32 bit integer</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></code></td> |
| <td>list, string</td> |
| <td>list</td> |
| <td>Uses JSON’s native list representation</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">map</span></code></td> |
| <td>map, string</td> |
| <td>map</td> |
| <td>Uses JSON’s native map representation</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">smallint</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, string</td> |
| <td>integer</td> |
| <td>String must be valid 16 bit integer</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set</span></code></td> |
| <td>list, string</td> |
| <td>list</td> |
| <td>Uses JSON’s native list representation</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">text</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>Uses JSON’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\u</span></code> character escape</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>Time of day in format <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">HH-MM-SS[.fffffffff]</span></code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>A timestamp. Strings constant allows to input <a class="reference internal" href="types.html#timestamps"><span class="std std-ref">timestamps |
| as dates</span></a>. Datestamps with format <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">YYYY-MM-DD</span> |
| <span class="pre">HH:MM:SS.SSS</span></code> are returned.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timeuuid</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>Type 1 UUID. See <a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html#grammar-token-constant"><code class="xref std std-token docutils literal"><span class="pre">constant</span></code></a> for the UUID format</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tinyint</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, string</td> |
| <td>integer</td> |
| <td>String must be valid 8 bit integer</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></td> |
| <td>list, string</td> |
| <td>list</td> |
| <td>Uses JSON’s native list representation</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UDT</span></code></td> |
| <td>map, string</td> |
| <td>map</td> |
| <td>Uses JSON’s native map representation with field names as keys</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">uuid</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>See <a class="reference internal" href="definitions.html#grammar-token-constant"><code class="xref std std-token docutils literal"><span class="pre">constant</span></code></a> for the UUID format</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">varchar</span></code></td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>string</td> |
| <td>Uses JSON’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\u</span></code> character escape</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">varint</span></code></td> |
| <td>integer, string</td> |
| <td>integer</td> |
| <td>Variable length; may overflow 32 or 64 bit integers in |
| client-side decoder</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="the-fromjson-function"> |
| <h2>The fromJson() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#the-fromjson-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fromJson()</span></code> function may be used similarly to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code>, but for a single column value. It may only be used |
| in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">VALUES</span></code> clause of an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">INSERT</span></code> statement or as one of the column values in an <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UPDATE</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DELETE</span></code>, or |
| <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement. For example, it cannot be used in the selection clause of a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="the-tojson-function"> |
| <h2>The toJson() Function<a class="headerlink" href="#the-tojson-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">toJson()</span></code> function may be used similarly to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span> <span class="pre">JSON</span></code>, but for a single column value. It may only be used |
| in the selection clause of a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SELECT</span></code> statement.</p> |
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