---
layout: docpage

title: "Documentation"

is_homepage: false
is_sphinx_doc: true

doc-title: "Operating Cassandra"
doc-header-links: '
  <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v4.0-beta4" href="../index.html"/>
      <link rel="next" title="Snitch" href="snitch.html"/>
      <link rel="prev" title="jvm-* files" href="../configuration/cass_jvm_options_file.html"/>
'
doc-search-path: "../search.html"

extra-footer: '
<script type="text/javascript">
    var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
      URL_ROOT:    "",
      VERSION:     "",
      COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
      FILE_SUFFIX: ".html",
      HAS_SOURCE:  false,
      SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: ".txt"
    };
</script>
'

---
<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-3">
      <div class="doc-navigation">
        <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation">
          <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse">
              <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
              <span class="icon-bar"></span>
              <span class="icon-bar"></span>
              <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
          </div>
          <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse">
            <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search">
              <div class="form-group">
                <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs">
                <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
                <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
              </div>
            </form>
            
            
            <ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../new/index.html">New Features in Apache Cassandra 4.0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data_modeling/index.html">Data Modeling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Operating Cassandra</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html">Compaction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Hardware Choices</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Contributing to Cassandra</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../plugins/index.html">Third-Party Plugins</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li>
</ul>

            
          </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-8">
      <div class="content doc-content">
        <div class="content-container">
          
  <div class="section" id="operating-cassandra">
<h1>Operating Cassandra<a class="headerlink" href="#operating-cassandra" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html">Snitch</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html#dynamic-snitching">Dynamic snitching</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="snitch.html#snitch-classes">Snitch classes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html">Adding, replacing, moving and removing nodes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#bootstrap">Bootstrap</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#removing-nodes">Removing nodes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#moving-nodes">Moving nodes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#replacing-a-dead-node">Replacing a dead node</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#monitoring-progress">Monitoring progress</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="topo_changes.html#cleanup-data-after-range-movements">Cleanup data after range movements</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html">Repair</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html#incremental-and-full-repairs">Incremental and Full Repairs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html#usage-and-best-practices">Usage and Best Practices</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html#other-options">Other Options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="repair.html#full-repair-example">Full Repair Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html">Read repair</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html#expectation-of-monotonic-quorum-reads">Expectation of Monotonic Quorum Reads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html#table-level-configuration-of-monotonic-reads">Table level configuration of monotonic reads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html#read-repair-example">Read Repair Example</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html#read-consistency-level-and-read-repair">Read Consistency Level and Read Repair</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html#improved-read-repair-blocking-behavior-in-cassandra-4-0">Improved Read Repair Blocking Behavior in Cassandra 4.0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html#diagnostic-events-for-read-repairs">Diagnostic Events for Read Repairs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="read_repair.html#background-read-repair">Background Read Repair</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html">Hints</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html#hinted-handoff">Hinted Handoff</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html#configuring-hints">Configuring Hints</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html#configuring-hints-at-runtime-with-nodetool">Configuring Hints at Runtime with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nodetool</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hints.html#monitoring-hint-delivery">Monitoring Hint Delivery</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html">Compaction</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#strategies">Strategies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#types-of-compaction">Types of compaction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#when-is-a-minor-compaction-triggered">When is a minor compaction triggered?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#merging-sstables">Merging sstables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#tombstones-and-garbage-collection-gc-grace">Tombstones and Garbage Collection (GC) Grace</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#ttl">TTL</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#fully-expired-sstables">Fully expired sstables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#repaired-unrepaired-data">Repaired/unrepaired data</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#data-directories">Data directories</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#single-sstable-tombstone-compaction">Single sstable tombstone compaction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#common-options">Common options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#compaction-nodetool-commands">Compaction nodetool commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#switching-the-compaction-strategy-and-options-using-jmx">Switching the compaction strategy and options using JMX</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compaction/index.html#more-detailed-compaction-logging">More detailed compaction logging</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html">Bloom Filters</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bloom_filters.html#changing">Changing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html">Compression</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#configuring-compression">Configuring Compression</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#benefits-and-uses">Benefits and Uses</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#operational-impact">Operational Impact</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compression.html#advanced-use">Advanced Use</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html">Change Data Capture</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#reading-commitlogsegments">Reading CommitLogSegments</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#warnings">Warnings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cdc.html#further-reading">Further Reading</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html">Backups</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html#types-of-backups">Types of Backups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html#data-directory-structure">Data Directory Structure</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html#snapshots">Snapshots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html#incremental-backups">Incremental Backups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="backups.html#restoring-from-incremental-backups-and-snapshots">Restoring from  Incremental Backups and Snapshots</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html">Bulk Loading</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html#tools-for-bulk-loading">Tools for Bulk Loading</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html#using-sstableloader">Using sstableloader</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html#using-nodetool-import">Using nodetool import</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bulk_loading.html#bulk-loading-external-data">Bulk Loading External Data</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html">Monitoring</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#metric-types">Metric Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#table-metrics">Table Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#keyspace-metrics">Keyspace Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#threadpool-metrics">ThreadPool Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#client-request-metrics">Client Request Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#cache-metrics">Cache Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#cql-metrics">CQL Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#droppedmessage-metrics">DroppedMessage Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#streaming-metrics">Streaming Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#compaction-metrics">Compaction Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#commitlog-metrics">CommitLog Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#storage-metrics">Storage Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#hintsservice-metrics">HintsService Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#sstable-index-metrics">SSTable Index Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#bufferpool-metrics">BufferPool Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#client-metrics">Client Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#batch-metrics">Batch Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#jvm-metrics">JVM Metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#jmx">JMX</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metrics.html#metric-reporters">Metric Reporters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html">Security</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#tls-ssl-encryption">TLS/SSL Encryption</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#ssl-certificate-hot-reloading">SSL Certificate Hot Reloading</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#roles">Roles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#authentication">Authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#authorization">Authorization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#caching">Caching</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security.html#jmx-access">JMX access</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html">Hardware Choices</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#cpu">CPU</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#memory">Memory</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#disks">Disks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#common-cloud-choices">Common Cloud Choices</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>


          <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
            
            <a href="snitch.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="Snitch" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
            
            
            <a href="../configuration/cass_jvm_options_file.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="jvm-* files" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
            
          </div>
          
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>