---
layout: docpage

title: "Documentation"

is_homepage: false
is_sphinx_doc: true

doc-parent: "Data Modeling"

doc-title: "Conceptual Data Modeling"
doc-header-links: '
  <link rel="top" title="Apache Cassandra Documentation v4.0-beta3" href="../index.html"/>
      <link rel="up" title="Data Modeling" href="index.html"/>
      <link rel="next" title="RDBMS Design" href="data_modeling_rdbms.html"/>
      <link rel="prev" title="Introduction" href="intro.html"/>
'
doc-search-path: "../search.html"

extra-footer: '
<script type="text/javascript">
    var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
      URL_ROOT:    "",
      VERSION:     "",
      COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
      FILE_SUFFIX: ".html",
      HAS_SOURCE:  false,
      SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: ".txt"
    };
</script>
'

---
<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-3">
      <div class="doc-navigation">
        <div class="doc-menu" role="navigation">
          <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="pull-left navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".sidebar-navbar-collapse">
              <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
              <span class="icon-bar"></span>
              <span class="icon-bar"></span>
              <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
          </div>
          <div class="navbar-collapse collapse sidebar-navbar-collapse">
            <form id="doc-search-form" class="navbar-form" action="../search.html" method="get" role="search">
              <div class="form-group">
                <input type="text" size="30" class="form-control input-sm" name="q" placeholder="Search docs">
                <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" />
                <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" />
              </div>
            </form>
            
            
            <ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../getting_started/index.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../new/index.html">New Features in Apache Cassandra 4.0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Data Modeling</a><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html">Introduction</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Conceptual Data Modeling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="data_modeling_rdbms.html">RDBMS Design</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="data_modeling_queries.html">Defining Application Queries</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="data_modeling_logical.html">Logical Data Modeling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="data_modeling_physical.html">Physical Data Modeling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="data_modeling_refining.html">Evaluating and Refining Data Models</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="data_modeling_schema.html">Defining Database Schema</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="data_modeling_tools.html">Cassandra Data Modeling Tools</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../configuration/index.html">Configuring Cassandra</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating/index.html">Operating Cassandra</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Contributing to Cassandra</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../plugins/index.html">Third-Party Plugins</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li>
</ul>

            
          </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-8">
      <div class="content doc-content">
        <div class="content-container">
          
  <div class="section" id="conceptual-data-modeling">
<h1>Conceptual Data Modeling<a class="headerlink" href="#conceptual-data-modeling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>First, let’s create a simple domain model that is easy to understand in
the relational world, and then see how you might map it from a relational
to a distributed hashtable model in Cassandra.</p>
<p>Let’s use an example that is complex enough
to show the various data structures and design patterns, but not
something that will bog you down with details. Also, a domain that’s
familiar to everyone will allow you to concentrate on how to work with
Cassandra, not on what the application domain is all about.</p>
<p>For example, let’s use a domain that is easily understood and that
everyone can relate to: making hotel reservations.</p>
<p>The conceptual domain includes hotels, guests that stay in the hotels, a
collection of rooms for each hotel, the rates and availability of those
rooms, and a record of reservations booked for guests. Hotels typically
also maintain a collection of “points of interest,” which are parks,
museums, shopping galleries, monuments, or other places near the hotel
that guests might want to visit during their stay. Both hotels and
points of interest need to maintain geolocation data so that they can be
found on maps for mashups, and to calculate distances.</p>
<p>The conceptual domain is depicted below using the entity–relationship
model popularized by Peter Chen. This simple diagram represents the
entities in the domain with rectangles, and attributes of those entities
with ovals. Attributes that represent unique identifiers for items are
underlined. Relationships between entities are represented as diamonds,
and the connectors between the relationship and each entity show the
multiplicity of the connection.</p>
<img alt="../_images/data_modeling_hotel_erd.png" src="../_images/data_modeling_hotel_erd.png" />
<p>Obviously, in the real world, there would be many more considerations
and much more complexity. For example, hotel rates are notoriously
dynamic, and calculating them involves a wide array of factors. Here
you’re defining something complex enough to be interesting and touch on
the important points, but simple enough to maintain the focus on
learning Cassandra.</p>
<p><em>Material adapted from Cassandra, The Definitive Guide. Published by
O’Reilly Media, Inc. Copyright © 2020 Jeff Carpenter, Eben Hewitt.
All rights reserved. Used with permission.</em></p>
</div>


          <div class="doc-prev-next-links" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
            
            <a href="data_modeling_rdbms.html" class="btn btn-default pull-right " role="button" title="RDBMS Design" accesskey="n">Next <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>
            
            
            <a href="intro.html" class="btn btn-default" role="button" title="Introduction" accesskey="p"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> Previous</a>
            
          </div>
          
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>