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<div class="section" id="the-cassandra-query-language-cql">
<span id="cql"></span><h1>The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)<a class="headerlink" href="#the-cassandra-query-language-cql" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>This document describes the Cassandra Query Language (CQL) <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id2" id="id1">[1]</a>. Note that this document describes the last version of
the languages. However, the <a class="reference external" href="#changes">changes</a> section provides the diff between the different versions of CQL.</p>
<p>CQL offers a model close to SQL in the sense that data is put in <em>tables</em> containing <em>rows</em> of <em>columns</em>. For
that reason, when used in this document, these terms (tables, rows and columns) have the same definition than they have
in SQL.</p>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html#working-with-times">Working with times</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html#working-with-durations">Working with durations</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html#tuples">Tuples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#common-definitions">Common definitions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#create-keyspace">CREATE KEYSPACE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#use">USE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#alter-keyspace">ALTER KEYSPACE</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#create-table">CREATE TABLE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ddl.html#alter-table">ALTER TABLE</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#select">SELECT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dml.html#insert">INSERT</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="indexes.html#create-index">CREATE INDEX</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="mvs.html#create-materialized-view">CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#scalar-functions">Scalar functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="operators.html#number-arithmetic">Number Arithmetic</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#select-json">SELECT JSON</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#insert-json">INSERT JSON</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#json-encoding-of-cassandra-data-types">JSON Encoding of Cassandra Data Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#the-fromjson-function">The fromJson() Function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="json.html#the-tojson-function">The toJson() Function</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="triggers.html#create-trigger">CREATE TRIGGER</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="triggers.html#drop-trigger">DROP TRIGGER</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="appendices.html">Appendices</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="appendices.html#appendix-a-cql-keywords">Appendix A: CQL Keywords</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="appendices.html#appendix-b-cql-reserved-types">Appendix B: CQL Reserved Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="appendices.html#appendix-c-dropping-compact-storage">Appendix C: Dropping Compact Storage</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html">Changes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id1">3.4.5</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id2">3.4.4</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id3">3.4.3</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id6">3.4.2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id7">3.4.1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id8">3.4.0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id9">3.3.1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id10">3.3.0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id11">3.2.0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id12">3.1.7</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id13">3.1.6</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id14">3.1.5</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id15">3.1.4</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id16">3.1.3</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id17">3.1.2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id18">3.1.1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id19">3.1.0</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id20">3.0.5</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id21">3.0.4</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id22">3.0.3</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id23">3.0.2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#id24">3.0.1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html#versioning">Versioning</a></li>
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<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id2" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td>Technically, this document CQL version 3, which is not backward compatible with CQL version 1 and 2 (which have
been deprecated and remove) and differs from it in numerous ways.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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