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| <h1>File adapter</h1> |
| <!-- |
| |
| --> |
| |
| <h2 id="overview">Overview</h2> |
| |
| <p>The file adapter is able to read files in a variety of formats, |
| and can also read files over various protocols, such as HTTP.</p> |
| |
| <p>For example if you define:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>States - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States</li> |
| <li>Cities - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>You can then write a query like:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span class="k">select</span> |
| <span class="k">count</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nv">"City Count"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="k">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">"Population"</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">"Population"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nv">"Pct State Population"</span> |
| <span class="k">from</span> <span class="nv">"Cities"</span> <span class="k">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">"States"</span> <span class="n">s</span> |
| <span class="k">where</span> <span class="k">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">"State"</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">"State"</span> <span class="k">and</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nv">"State"</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'California'</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>And learn that California has 69 cities of 100k or more |
| comprising almost 1/2 of the state’s population:</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>+---------------------+----------------------+ |
| | City Count | Pct State Population | |
| +---------------------+----------------------+ |
| | 69 | 48.574217177106576 | |
| +---------------------+----------------------+ |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>For simple file formats such as CSV, the file is self-describing and |
| you don’t even need a model. |
| See <a href="#csv_files_and_model_free_browsing">CSV files and model-free browsing</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="a-simple-example">A simple example</h2> |
| |
| <p>Let’s start with a simple example. First, we need a |
| <a href="/docs/model.html">model definition</a>, |
| as follows.</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"version"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"1.0"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"defaultSchema"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"SALES"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"schemas"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"SALES"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"custom"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"factory"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"org.apache.calcite.adapter.file.FileSchemaFactory"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"operand"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"tables"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"EMPS"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"url"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"file:file/src/test/resources/sales/EMPS.html"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"name"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"DEPTS"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"url"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"file:file/src/test/resources/sales/DEPTS.html"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>Schemas are defined as a list of tables, each containing minimally a |
| table name and a url. If a page has more than one table, you can |
| include in a table definition <code class="highlighter-rouge">selector</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">index</code> fields to specify the |
| desired table. If there is no table specification, the file adapter |
| chooses the largest table on the page.</p> |
| |
| <p><code class="highlighter-rouge">EMPS.html</code> contains a single HTML table:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"><span class="nt"><html></span> |
| <span class="nt"><body></span> |
| <span class="nt"><table></span> |
| <span class="nt"><thead></span> |
| <span class="nt"><tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><th></span>EMPNO<span class="nt"></th></span> |
| <span class="nt"><th></span>NAME<span class="nt"></th></span> |
| <span class="nt"><th></span>DEPTNO<span class="nt"></th></span> |
| <span class="nt"></tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"></thead></span> |
| <span class="nt"><tbody></span> |
| <span class="nt"><tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>100<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>Fred<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>30<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"></tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>110<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>Eric<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>20<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"></tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>110<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>John<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>40<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"></tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>120<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>Wilma<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>20<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"></tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>130<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>Alice<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"><td></span>40<span class="nt"></td></span> |
| <span class="nt"></tr></span> |
| <span class="nt"></tbody></span> |
| <span class="nt"></table></span> |
| <span class="nt"></body></span> |
| <span class="nt"></html></span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>The model file is stored as <code class="highlighter-rouge">file/src/test/resources/sales.json</code>, |
| so you can connect via <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline"><code class="highlighter-rouge">sqlline</code></a> |
| as follows:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="nv">$ </span>./sqlline |
| sqlline> <span class="o">!</span>connect jdbc:calcite:model<span class="o">=</span>file/src/test/resources/sales.json admin admin |
| sqlline> <span class="k">select</span> <span class="k">*</span> from sales.emps<span class="p">;</span> |
| +-------+--------+------+ |
| | EMPNO | DEPTNO | NAME | |
| +-------+--------+------+ |
| | 100 | 30 | Fred | |
| | 110 | 20 | Eric | |
| | 110 | 40 | John | |
| | 120 | 20 | Wilma | |
| | 130 | 40 | Alice | |
| +-------+--------+------+ |
| 5 rows selected</code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <h2 id="mapping-tables">Mapping tables</h2> |
| |
| <p>Now for a more complex example. This time we connect to Wikipedia via |
| HTTP, read pages for US states and cities, and extract data from HTML |
| tables on those pages. The tables have more complex formats, and the |
| file adapter helps us locate and parse data in those tables.</p> |
| |
| <p>Tables can be simply defined for immediate gratification:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="err">tableName</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"RawCities"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="err">url</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>And subsequently refined for better usability / querying:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="err">tableName</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Cities"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="err">url</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="err">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"#mw-content-text > table.wikitable.sortable"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="err">index</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="err">fieldDefs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"2012 rank"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Rank"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"int"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">pattern</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"(</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s2">d+)"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">matchGroup</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"City"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">selector</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"a"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">selectedElement</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"State[5]"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"State"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">selector</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"a:eq(0)"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"2012 estimate"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Population"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"double"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"2010 Census"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">skip</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"true"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Change"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">skip</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"true"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"2012 land area"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Land Area (sq mi)"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"double"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">selector</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">":not(span)"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"2012 population density"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">skip</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"true"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="err">th</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"ANSI"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">skip</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"true"</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>Connect and execute queries, as follows.</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="nv">$ </span>./sqlline |
| sqlline> <span class="o">!</span>connect jdbc:calcite:model<span class="o">=</span>file/src/test/resources/wiki.json admin admin |
| sqlline> <span class="k">select</span> <span class="k">*</span> from wiki.<span class="s2">"RawCities"</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| sqlline> <span class="k">select</span> <span class="k">*</span> from wiki.<span class="s2">"Cities"</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>Note that <code class="highlighter-rouge">Cities</code> is easier to consume than <code class="highlighter-rouge">RawCities</code>, |
| because its table definition has a field list.</p> |
| |
| <p>The file adapter uses <a href="https://jsoup.org/">Jsoup</a> for HTML DOM |
| navigation; selectors for both tables and fields follow the |
| <a href="https://jsoup.org/cookbook/extracting-data/selector-syntax">Jsoup selector specification</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>Field definitions may be used to rename or skip source fields, to |
| select and condition the cell contents and to set a data type.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="parsing-cell-contents">Parsing cell contents</h3> |
| |
| <p>The file adapter can select DOM nodes within a cell, replace text |
| within the selected element, match within the selected text, and |
| choose a data type for the resulting database column. Processing |
| steps are applied in the order described and replace and match |
| patterns are based on |
| <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html">Java regular expressions</a>.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="further-examples">Further examples</h3> |
| |
| <p>There are more examples in the form of a script:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="nv">$ </span>./sqlline <span class="nt">-f</span> file/src/test/resources/webjoin.sql</code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>(When running <code class="highlighter-rouge">webjoin.sql</code> you will see a number of warning messages for |
| each query containing a join. These are expected and do not affect |
| query results. These messages will be suppressed in the next release.)</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="csv-files-and-model-free-browsing">CSV files and model-free browsing</h2> |
| |
| <p>Some files are describe their own schema, and for these files, we do not need a model. For example, <code class="highlighter-rouge">DEPTS.csv</code> has an |
| integer <code class="highlighter-rouge">DEPTNO</code> column and a string <code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME</code> column:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span class="err">DEPTNO</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="err">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">NAME</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="err">string</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"Sales"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"Marketing"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"Accounts"</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>You can launch <code class="highlighter-rouge">sqlline</code>, and pointing the file adapter that directory, |
| and every CSV file becomes a table:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="nv">$ </span><span class="nb">ls </span>file/src/test/resources/sales-csv |
| <span class="nt">-rw-r--r--</span> 1 jhyde jhyde 62 Mar 15 10:16 DEPTS.csv |
| <span class="nt">-rw-r--r--</span> 1 jhyde jhyde 262 Mar 15 10:16 EMPS.csv.gz |
| |
| <span class="nv">$ </span>./sqlline <span class="nt">-u</span> <span class="s2">"jdbc:calcite:schemaFactory=org.apache.calcite.adapter.file.FileSchemaFactory;schema.directory=file/src/test/resources/sales-csv"</span> |
| sqlline> <span class="o">!</span>tables |
| +-----------+-------------+------------+------------+ |
| | TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | |
| +-----------+-------------+------------+------------+ |
| | | adhoc | DEPTS | TABLE | |
| | | adhoc | EMPS | TABLE | |
| +-----------+-------------+------------+------------+ |
| |
| sqlline> <span class="k">select </span>distinct deptno from depts<span class="p">;</span> |
| +--------+ |
| | DEPTNO | |
| +--------+ |
| | 20 | |
| | 10 | |
| | 30 | |
| +--------+ |
| 3 rows selected <span class="o">(</span>0.985 seconds<span class="o">)</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <h2 id="json-files-and-model-free-browsing">JSON files and model-free browsing</h2> |
| |
| <p>Some files are describe their own schema, and for these files, we do not need a model. For example, <code class="highlighter-rouge">DEPTS.json</code> has an integer <code class="highlighter-rouge">DEPTNO</code> column and a string <code class="highlighter-rouge">NAME</code> column:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-json" data-lang="json"><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"DEPTNO"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"NAME"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Sales"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"DEPTNO"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"NAME"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Marketing"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"DEPTNO"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="s2">"NAME"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Accounts"</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> |
| </span><span class="p">]</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <p>You can launch <code class="highlighter-rouge">sqlline</code>, and pointing the file adapter that directory, |
| and every JSON file becomes a table:</p> |
| |
| <figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="nv">$ </span><span class="nb">ls </span>file/src/test/resources/sales-json |
| <span class="nt">-rw-r--r--</span> 1 jhyde jhyde 62 Mar 15 10:16 DEPTS.json |
| |
| <span class="nv">$ </span>./sqlline <span class="nt">-u</span> <span class="s2">"jdbc:calcite:schemaFactory=org.apache.calcite.adapter.file.FileSchemaFactory;schema.directory=file/src/test/resources/sales-json"</span> |
| sqlline> <span class="o">!</span>tables |
| +-----------+-------------+------------+------------+ |
| | TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | |
| +-----------+-------------+------------+------------+ |
| | | adhoc | DATE | TABLE | |
| | | adhoc | DEPTS | TABLE | |
| | | adhoc | EMPS | TABLE | |
| | | adhoc | EMPTY | TABLE | |
| | | adhoc | SDEPTS | TABLE | |
| +-----------+-------------+------------+------------+ |
| |
| sqlline> <span class="k">select </span>distinct deptno from depts<span class="p">;</span> |
| +--------+ |
| | DEPTNO | |
| +--------+ |
| | 20 | |
| | 10 | |
| | 30 | |
| +--------+ |
| 3 rows selected <span class="o">(</span>0.985 seconds<span class="o">)</span></code></pre></figure> |
| |
| <h2 id="future-improvements">Future improvements</h2> |
| |
| <p>We are continuing to enhance the adapter, and would welcome |
| contributions of new parsing capabilities (for example parsing JSON |
| files) and being able to form URLs dynamically to push down filters.</p> |
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