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# Example multi-language pipelines

This project provides examples of Apache Beam
[multi-language pipelines](https://beam.apache.org/documentation/programming-guide/#multi-language-pipelines):

## Using Java transforms from Python

* **python/wordcount_external** - A Python pipeline that runs the Word Count workflow using three external Java
                SchemaTransforms. This example demonstrates the updated `ExternalTransformProvider` API.
    #### _Outdated examples:_
* **python/addprefix** - A Python pipeline that reads a text file and attaches a prefix on the Java side to each input.
* **python/javacount** - A Python pipeline that counts words using the Java `Count.perElement()` transform.
* **python/javadatagenerator** - A Python pipeline that produces a set of strings generated from Java.
                                  This example demonstrates the `JavaExternalTransform` API.

### Instructions for running the pipelines

#### 1) Start the expansion service

1. Download the latest 'beam-examples-multi-language' JAR. Starting with Apache Beam 2.36.0,
   you can find it in [the Maven Central Repository](https://search.maven.org/search?q=g:org.apache.beam).
2. Run the following command, replacing `<version>` and `<port>` with valid values:
  `java -jar beam-examples-multi-language-<version>.jar <port> --javaClassLookupAllowlistFile='*'`

#### 2) Set up a Python virtual environment for Beam

1. See [the Python quickstart](https://beam.apache.org/get-started/quickstart-py/)
   for more information.

#### 3) Execute the Python pipeline

1. In a new shell, run a pipeline in the **python** directory using a Beam runner that supports
   multi-language pipelines.

   The Python files contain details about the actual commands to run.

## Using Python transforms from Java

### Sklearn Mnist Classification

Performs image classification on handwritten digits from the [MNIST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MNIST_database)
database.

Please see [here](https://github.com/apache/beam/tree/master/sdks/python/apache_beam/examples/inference) for
context and information regarding the corresponding Python pipeline.

Please note that the Java pipeline is
[available in the Beam Java examples module](https://github.com/apache/beam/tree/master/examples/java/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/examples/multilanguage/SklearnMnistClassification.java).

#### Setup

* Obtain/generate a csv input file that contains labels and pixels to feed into the model and store it in
GCS. An example input is available
[here](https://storage.googleapis.com/apache-beam-samples/multi-language/mnist/example_input.csv).

* Create a model file that contains the pickled file of a scikit-learn model
trained on MNIST data and store it in GCS. An example model file is available
[here](https://storage.googleapis.com/apache-beam-samples/multi-language/mnist/example_model).
This model was generated by by running the program given
[here](https://python-course.eu/machine-learning/training-and-testing-with-mnist.php)
on the
[example input dataset](https://storage.googleapis.com/apache-beam-samples/multi-language/mnist/example_input.csv).

* Perform Beam runner specific setup according to instructions
[here](https://beam.apache.org/get-started/quickstart-java/#run-a-pipeline).

Following instructions are for running the pipeline with the Dataflow runner. For other portable runners,
please modify the instructions according to the guidelines
[here](https://beam.apache.org/documentation/sdks/java-multi-language-pipelines/#run-with-directrunner)

#### Instructions for running the Java pipeline on released Beam (Beam 2.43.0 and later).

* Checkout the Beam examples Maven archetype for the relevant Beam version.

```
export BEAM_VERSION=<Beam version>

mvn archetype:generate \
    -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.beam \
    -DarchetypeArtifactId=beam-sdks-java-maven-archetypes-examples \
    -DarchetypeVersion=$BEAM_VERSION \
    -DgroupId=org.example \
    -DartifactId=multi-language-beam \
    -Dversion="0.1" \
    -Dpackage=org.apache.beam.examples \
    -DinteractiveMode=false
```

* Run the pipeline.

```
export GCP_PROJECT=<GCP project>
export GCP_BUCKET=<GCP bucket>
export GCP_REGION=<GCP region>

mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=org.apache.beam.examples.multilanguage.SklearnMnistClassification \
    -Dexec.args="--runner=DataflowRunner --project=$GCP_PROJECT \
                 --region=$GCP_REGION \
                 --gcpTempLocation=gs://$GCP_BUCKET/multi-language-beam/tmp \
                 --output=gs://$GCP_BUCKET/multi-language-beam/output" \
    -Pdataflow-runner
```

* Inspect the output. Each line has data separated by a comma ",". The first item is the actual label of
the digit. The second item is the predicted label of the digit.

```
gcloud storage cat gs://$GCP_BUCKET/multi-language-beam/output*
```

#### Instructions for running the Java pipeline at HEAD (Beam 2.41.0 and 2.42.0).

* Activate a new virtual environment following
[these instructions](https://beam.apache.org/get-started/quickstart-py/#create-and-activate-a-virtual-environment).

* 2. Install Apache Beam package with gcp support and the `sklearn` package.

```
pip install apache-beam[gcp]
pip install sklearn
```

* Startup the expansion service

```
python -m apache_beam.runners.portability.expansion_service_main -p <PORT> --fully_qualified_name_glob "*"
```

* Make sure that Docker is installed and available on your system.

* In a different shell, build and push Python and Java Docker containers.

```
export DOCKER_ROOT=<Docker root>

./gradlew :sdks:python:container:py39:docker -Pdocker-repository-root=$DOCKER_ROOT -Pdocker-tag=latest

docker push $DOCKER_ROOT/beam_python3.9_sdk:latest

./gradlew :sdks:java:container:java11:docker -Pdocker-repository-root=$DOCKER_ROOT -Pdocker-tag=latest -Pjava11Home=$JAVA_HOME

docker push $DOCKER_ROOT/beam_java11_sdk:latest
```

* Run the pipeline using the following Gradle command (this guide assumes Dataflow runner).
Note that we override both the Java and Python SDK harness containers here.

```
export GCP_PROJECT=<GCP project>
export GCP_BUCKET=<GCP bucket>
export GCP_REGION=<GCP region>
export EXPANSION_SERVICE_PORT=<PORT>

# This removes any existing output.
gcloud storage rm gs://$GCP_BUCKET/multi-language-beam/output*

./gradlew :examples:multi-language:sklearnMinstClassification --args=" \
--runner=DataflowRunner \
--project=$GCP_PROJECT \
--gcpTempLocation=gs://$GCP_BUCKET/multi-language-beam/tmp \
--output=gs://$GCP_BUCKET/multi-language-beam/output \
--sdkContainerImage=$DOCKER_ROOT/beam_java11_sdk:latest \
--sdkHarnessContainerImageOverrides=.*python.*,$DOCKER_ROOT/beam_python3.9_sdk:latest \
--expansionService=localhost:$EXPANSION_SERVICE_PORT \
--region=${GCP_REGION}"
```

* Inspect the output. Each line has data separated by a comma ",". The first item is the actual label
of the digit. The second item is the predicted label of the digit.

```
gcloud storage cat gs://$GCP_BUCKET/multi-language-beam/output*
```

### Python Dataframe Wordcount

This example is covered in the [Java multi-language pipelines quickstart](https://beam.apache.org/documentation/sdks/java-multi-language-pipelines/).
The pipeline source code is available at
[PythonDataframeWordCount.java](https://github.com/apache/beam/tree/master/examples/java/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/examples/multilanguage/PythonDataframeWordCount.java).