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class=section-nav-list-title>Yaml</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/sdks/yaml/>Yaml overview</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/sdks/yaml-udf/>Yaml User Defined Functions</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/sdks/yaml-combine/>Yaml Aggregation</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/sdks/yaml-errors/>Error handling</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/sdks/yaml-inline-python/>Inlining Python</a></li><li><a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/yamldoc/current/ target=_blank>YAML API reference <img src=/images/external-link-icon.png width=14 height=14 alt="External link."></a></ul></li><li><span class=section-nav-list-title>SQL</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/overview/>Overview</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/walkthrough/>Walkthrough</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/shell/>Shell</a></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Apache Calcite dialect</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/calcite/overview/>Calcite support overview</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/calcite/query-syntax/>Query syntax</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/calcite/lexical/>Lexical structure</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/calcite/data-types/>Data types</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/calcite/scalar-functions/>Scalar functions</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/calcite/aggregate-functions/>Aggregate functions</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>ZetaSQL dialect</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/overview/>ZetaSQL support overview</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/syntax/>Function call rules</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/conversion-rules/>Conversion rules</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/query-syntax/>Query syntax</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/lexical/>Lexical structure</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/data-types/>Data types</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/operators/>Operators</a></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Scalar functions</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/string-functions/>String functions</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/math-functions/>Mathematical functions</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/conditional-expressions/>Conditional expressions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/aggregate-functions/>Aggregate functions</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Beam SQL extensions</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/extensions/create-external-table/>CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/extensions/windowing-and-triggering/>Windowing & triggering</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/extensions/joins/>Joins</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/extensions/user-defined-functions/>User-defined functions</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/extensions/set/>SET pipeline options</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><span class=section-nav-list-title>DataFrames</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/dataframes/overview/>Overview</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/dsls/dataframes/differences-from-pandas/>Differences from pandas</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/apache/beam/tree/master/sdks/python/apache_beam/examples/dataframe target=_blank>Example pipelines <img src=/images/external-link-icon.png width=14 height=14 alt="External link."></a></li><li><a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/pydoc/2.55.1/apache_beam.dataframe.html target=_blank>DataFrame API reference <img src=/images/external-link-icon.png width=14 height=14 alt="External link."></a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><nav class="page-nav clearfix" data-offset-top=90 data-offset-bottom=500><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#walkthrough>Walkthrough</a></li><li><a href=#shell>Shell</a></li><li><a href=#apache-calcite-dialect>Apache Calcite dialect</a></li><li><a href=#zetasql-dialect>ZetaSQL dialect</a></li><li><a href=#beam-sql-extensions>Beam SQL extensions</a></li></ul></nav></nav><div class="body__contained body__section-nav"><h1 id=beam-sql-overview>Beam SQL overview</h1><p>Beam SQL allows a Beam user (currently only available in Beam Java and Python) to query |
| bounded and unbounded <code>PCollections</code> with SQL statements. Your SQL query |
| is translated to a <code>PTransform</code>, an encapsulated segment of a Beam pipeline. |
| You can freely mix SQL <code>PTransforms</code> and other <code>PTransforms</code> in your pipeline.</p><p>Beam SQL includes the following dialects:</p><ul><li><a href=https://calcite.apache.org>Beam Calcite SQL</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/google/zetasql>Beam ZetaSQL</a></li></ul><p>Beam Calcite SQL is a variant of Apache Calcite, a dialect widespread in |
| big data processing. Beam Calcite SQL is the default Beam SQL dialect. Beam ZetaSQL is more compatible with BigQuery, so it’s especially useful in pipelines that <a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/javadoc/current/org/apache/beam/sdk/io/gcp/bigquery/BigQueryIO.html>write to or read from BigQuery tables</a>.</p><p>To change dialects, pass <a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/javadoc/current/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/sql/package-summary.html>the dialect’s full package name</a> to the <a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/javadoc/current/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/sql/impl/BeamSqlPipelineOptions.html#setPlannerName-java.lang.String-><code>setPlannerName</code></a> method in the <a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/javadoc/2.15.0/org/apache/beam/sdk/options/PipelineOptions.html><code>PipelineOptions</code></a> interface.</p><p>There are two additional concepts you need to know to use SQL in your pipeline:</p><ul><li><a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/javadoc/2.55.1/index.html?org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/sql/SqlTransform.html>SqlTransform</a>: the interface for creating <code>PTransforms</code> from SQL queries.</li><li><a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/javadoc/2.55.1/index.html?org/apache/beam/sdk/values/Row.html>Row</a>: |
| the type of elements that Beam SQL operates on. A <code>PCollection<Row></code> plays the role of a table.</li></ul><h2 id=walkthrough>Walkthrough</h2><p>The <a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/walkthrough>SQL pipeline walkthrough</a> works through how to use Beam SQL with example code.</p><h2 id=shell>Shell</h2><p>The Beam SQL shell allows you to write pipelines as SQL queries without using the Java SDK. |
| The <a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/shell>Shell page</a> describes how to work with the interactive Beam SQL shell.</p><h2 id=apache-calcite-dialect>Apache Calcite dialect</h2><p>The <a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/calcite/overview>Beam Calcite SQL overview</a> summarizes Apache Calcite operators, |
| functions, syntax, and data types supported by Beam Calcite SQL.</p><h2 id=zetasql-dialect>ZetaSQL dialect</h2><p>For more information on the ZetaSQL features in Beam SQL, see the <a href=/documentation/dsls/sql/zetasql/overview>Beam ZetaSQL dialect reference</a>.</p><p>To switch to Beam ZetaSQL, configure the <a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/javadoc/2.15.0/org/apache/beam/sdk/options/PipelineOptions.html>pipeline options</a> as follows:</p><pre tabindex=0><code>PipelineOptions options = ...; |
| options |
| .as(BeamSqlPipelineOptions.class) |
| .setPlannerName("org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.sql.zetasql.ZetaSQLQueryPlanner"); |
| </code></pre><p>Note, Use of the <code>ZetaSQLQueryPlanner</code> requires an additional dependency on <code>beam-sdks-java-extensions-sql-zetasql</code> in addition to the <code>beam-sdks-java-extensions-sql</code> package required for <code>CalciteQueryPlanner</code>.</p><h2 id=beam-sql-extensions>Beam SQL extensions</h2><p>Beam SQL has additional extensions leveraging Beam’s unified batch/streaming model and processing complex data types. You can use these extensions with all Beam SQL dialects.</p></div></div><footer class=footer><div class=footer__contained><div class=footer__cols><div class="footer__cols__col footer__cols__col__logos"><div class=footer__cols__col__logo><img src=/images/beam_logo_circle.svg class=footer__logo alt="Beam logo"></div><div class=footer__cols__col__logo><img src=/images/apache_logo_circle.svg class=footer__logo alt="Apache logo"></div></div><div class=footer-wrapper><div class=wrapper-grid><div class=footer__cols__col><div class=footer__cols__col__title>Start</div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/beam-overview/>Overview</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/quickstart-java/>Quickstart (Java)</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/quickstart-py/>Quickstart (Python)</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/quickstart-go/>Quickstart (Go)</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/downloads/>Downloads</a></div></div><div class=footer__cols__col><div class=footer__cols__col__title>Docs</div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/>Concepts</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/documentation/pipelines/design-your-pipeline/>Pipelines</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/documentation/runners/capability-matrix/>Runners</a></div></div><div class=footer__cols__col><div class=footer__cols__col__title>Community</div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/contribute/>Contribute</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=https://projects.apache.org/committee.html?beam target=_blank>Team<img src=/images/external-link-icon.png width=14 height=14 alt="External link."></a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/community/presentation-materials/>Media</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/community/in-person/>Events/Meetups</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/community/contact-us/>Contact Us</a></div></div><div class=footer__cols__col><div class=footer__cols__col__title>Resources</div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/blog/>Blog</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=https://github.com/apache/beam>GitHub</a></div></div></div><div class=footer__bottom>© |
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