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href=/documentation/programming-guide/#applying-transforms>Applying transforms</a></li><li><span class=section-nav-list-title>Core Beam transforms</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#pardo>ParDo</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#groupbykey>GroupByKey</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#cogroupbykey>CoGroupByKey</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#combine>Combine</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#flatten>Flatten</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#partition>Partition</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#requirements-for-writing-user-code-for-beam-transforms>Requirements for user code</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#side-inputs>Side inputs</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#additional-outputs>Additional outputs</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#composite-transforms>Composite transforms</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Pipeline I/O</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#pipeline-io>Using I/O transforms</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/connectors/>I/O connectors</a></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>I/O connector guides</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/parquet/>Apache Parquet I/O connector</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/hadoop/>Hadoop Input/Output Format IO</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/hcatalog/>HCatalog IO</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/google-bigquery/>Google BigQuery I/O connector</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/snowflake/>Snowflake I/O connector</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/cdap/>CDAP I/O connector</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/sparkreceiver/>Spark Receiver I/O connector</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/singlestore/>SingleStoreDB I/O connector</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/built-in/webapis/>Web APIs I/O connector</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Developing new I/O connectors</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/io/developing-io-overview/>Overview: Developing connectors</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/developing-io-java/>Developing connectors (Java)</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/developing-io-python/>Developing connectors (Python)</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/io-standards/>I/O Standards</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=/documentation/io/testing/>Testing I/O transforms</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Schemas</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#what-is-a-schema>What is a schema</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#schemas-for-pl-types>Schemas for programming language types</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#schema-definition>Schema definition</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#logical-types>Logical types</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#creating-schemas>Creating schemas</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#using-schemas>Using schemas</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Data encoding and type safety</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#data-encoding-and-type-safety>Data encoding basics</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#specifying-coders>Specifying coders</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#default-coders-and-the-coderregistry>Default coders and the CoderRegistry</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Windowing</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#windowing>Windowing basics</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#provided-windowing-functions>Provided windowing functions</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#setting-your-pcollections-windowing-function>Setting your PCollection’s windowing function</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#watermarks-and-late-data>Watermarks and late data</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#adding-timestamps-to-a-pcollections-elements>Adding timestamps to a PCollection’s elements</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Triggers</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#triggers>Trigger basics</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#event-time-triggers>Event time triggers and the default trigger</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#processing-time-triggers>Processing time triggers</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#data-driven-triggers>Data-driven triggers</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#setting-a-trigger>Setting a trigger</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#composite-triggers>Composite triggers</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Metrics</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#metrics>Metrics basics</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#types-of-metrics>Types of metrics</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#querying-metrics>Querying metrics</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#using-metrics>Using metrics in pipeline</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#export-metrics>Export metrics</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>State and Timers</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#types-of-state>Types of state</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#deferred-state-reads>Deferred state reads</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#timers>Timers</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#garbage-collecting-state>Garbage collecting state</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#state-timers-examples>State and timers examples</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Splittable DoFns</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#sdf-basics>Basics</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#sizing-and-progress>Sizing and progress</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#user-initiated-checkpoint>User-initiated checkpoint</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#runner-initiated-split>Runner initiated split</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#watermark-estimation>Watermark estimation</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#truncating-during-drain>Truncating during drain</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#bundle-finalization>Bundle finalization</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Multi-language Pipelines</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#create-x-lang-transforms>Creating cross-language transforms</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#use-x-lang-transforms>Using cross-language transforms</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/#x-lang-transform-runner-support>Runner Support</a></li></ul></li><li><a 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href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/combine/>Combine</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/combinewithcontext/>CombineWithContext</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/count/>Count</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/distinct/>Distinct</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/groupbykey/>GroupByKey</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/groupintobatches/>GroupIntoBatches</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/hllcount/>HllCount</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/latest/>Latest</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/max/>Max</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/mean/>Mean</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/min/>Min</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/sample/>Sample</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/sum/>Sum</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/aggregation/top/>Top</a></li></ul></li><li class=section-nav-item--collapsible><span class=section-nav-list-title>Other</span><ul class=section-nav-list><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/other/create/>Create</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/other/flatten/>Flatten</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/other/passert/>PAssert</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/other/view/>View</a></li><li><a href=/documentation/transforms/java/other/window/>Window</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href=/documentation/glossary/>Glossary</a></li><li><a href=https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/BEAM/Apache+Beam>Beam Wiki <img src=/images/external-link-icon.png width=14 height=14 alt="External link."></a></li></ul></nav></div><nav class="page-nav clearfix" data-offset-top=90 data-offset-bottom=500><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#build-a-tensorrt-engine-for-inference>Build a TensorRT engine for inference</a><ul><li><a href=#conversion-to-onnx>Conversion to ONNX</a></li><li><a href=#from-onnx-to-tensorrt-engine>From ONNX to TensorRT engine</a></li></ul></li><li><a href=#run-tensorrt-engine-with-runinference-in-a-beam-pipeline>Run TensorRT engine with RunInference in a Beam pipeline</a></li><li><a href=#dataflow-benchmarking>Dataflow Benchmarking</a></li></ul></nav></nav><div class="body__contained body__section-nav arrow-list arrow-list--no-mt"><h1 id=use-tensorrt-with-runinference>Use TensorRT with RunInference</h1><ul><li><p><a href=https://developer.nvidia.com/tensorrt>NVIDIA TensorRT</a> is an SDK that facilitates high-performance machine learning inference. It is designed to work with deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, and MXNet. It focuses specifically on optimizing and running a trained neural network to efficiently run inference on NVIDIA GPUs. TensorRT can maximize inference throughput with multiple optimizations while preserving model accuracy including model quantization, layer and tensor fusions, kernel auto-tuning, multi-stream executions, and efficient tensor memory usage.</p></li><li><p>In Apache Beam 2.43.0, Beam introduced the <a href=https://beam.apache.org/releases/pydoc/2.43.0/apache_beam.ml.inference.tensorrt_inference.html#apache_beam.ml.inference.tensorrt_inference.TensorRTEngineHandlerNumPy>TensorRTEngineHandler</a>, which lets you deploy a TensorRT engine in a Beam pipeline. The RunInference transform simplifies the ML inference pipeline creation process by allowing developers to use Sklearn, PyTorch, TensorFlow and now TensorRT models in production pipelines without needing lots of boilerplate code.</p></li></ul><p>The following example that demonstrates how to use TensorRT with the RunInference API using a BERT-based text classification model in a Beam pipeline.</p><h2 id=build-a-tensorrt-engine-for-inference>Build a TensorRT engine for inference</h2><p>To use TensorRT with Apache Beam, you need a converted TensorRT engine file from a trained model. We take a trained BERT based text classification model that does sentiment analysis and classifies any text into two classes: positive or negative. The trained model is available <a href=https://huggingface.co/textattack/bert-base-uncased-SST-2>from HuggingFace</a>. To convert the PyTorch Model to TensorRT engine, you need to first convert the model to ONNX and then from ONNX to TensorRT.</p><h3 id=conversion-to-onnx>Conversion to ONNX</h3><p>You can use the HuggingFace <code>transformers</code> library to convert a PyTorch model to ONNX. For details, see the blog post <a href=https://huggingface.co/blog/convert-transformers-to-onnx>Convert Transformers to ONNX with Hugging Face Optimum</a>. The blog post explains which required packages to install. The following code is used for the conversion.</p><pre tabindex=0><code>from pathlib import Path
import transformers
from transformers.onnx import FeaturesManager
from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForMaskedLM, AutoModelForSequenceClassification


# load model and tokenizer
model_id = &#34;textattack/bert-base-uncased-SST-2&#34;
feature = &#34;sequence-classification&#34;
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(model_id)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)

# load config
model_kind, model_onnx_config = FeaturesManager.check_supported_model_or_raise(model, feature=feature)
onnx_config = model_onnx_config(model.config)

# export
onnx_inputs, onnx_outputs = transformers.onnx.export(
        preprocessor=tokenizer,
        model=model,
        config=onnx_config,
        opset=12,
        output=Path(&#34;bert-sst2-model.onnx&#34;)
)
</code></pre><h3 id=from-onnx-to-tensorrt-engine>From ONNX to TensorRT engine</h3><p>To convert an ONNX model to a TensorRT engine, use the following command from the <code>CLI</code>:</p><pre tabindex=0><code>trtexec --onnx=&lt;path to onnx model&gt; --saveEngine=&lt;path to save TensorRT engine&gt; --useCudaGraph --verbose
</code></pre><p>To use <code>trtexec</code>, follow the steps in the blog post <a href=https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/simplifying-and-accelerating-machine-learning-predictions-in-apache-beam-with-nvidia-tensorrt/>Simplifying and Accelerating Machine Learning Predictions in Apache Beam with NVIDIA TensorRT</a>. The post explains how to build a docker image from a DockerFile that can be used for conversion. We use the following Docker file, which is similar to the file used in the blog post:</p><pre tabindex=0><code>ARG BUILD_IMAGE=nvcr.io/nvidia/tensorrt:22.05-py3

FROM ${BUILD_IMAGE}

ENV PATH=&#34;/usr/src/tensorrt/bin:${PATH}&#34;

WORKDIR /workspace

RUN apt-get update -y &amp;&amp; apt-get install -y python3-venv
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir apache-beam[gcp]==2.44.0
COPY --from=apache/beam_python3.8_sdk:2.44.0 /opt/apache/beam /opt/apache/beam

RUN pip install --upgrade pip \
    &amp;&amp; pip install torch==1.13.1 \
    &amp;&amp; pip install torchvision&gt;=0.8.2 \
    &amp;&amp; pip install pillow&gt;=8.0.0 \
    &amp;&amp; pip install transformers&gt;=4.18.0 \
    &amp;&amp; pip install cuda-python

ENTRYPOINT [ &#34;/opt/apache/beam/boot&#34; ]
</code></pre><p>The blog post also contains instructions explaining how to test the TensorRT engine locally.</p><h2 id=run-tensorrt-engine-with-runinference-in-a-beam-pipeline>Run TensorRT engine with RunInference in a Beam pipeline</h2><p>Now that you have the TensorRT engine, you can use TensorRT engine with RunInference in a Beam pipeline that can run both locally and on Google Cloud.</p><p>The following code example is a part of the pipeline. You use <code>TensorRTEngineHandlerNumPy</code> to load the TensorRT engine and to set other inference parameters.</p><pre tabindex=0><code>  model_handler = TensorRTEngineHandlerNumPy(
      min_batch_size=1,
      max_batch_size=1,
      engine_path=known_args.trt_model_path,
  )

  tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(known_args.model_id)

  with beam.Pipeline(options=pipeline_options) as pipeline:
    _ = (
        pipeline
        | &#34;ReadSentences&#34; &gt;&gt; beam.io.ReadFromText(known_args.input)
        | &#34;Preprocess&#34; &gt;&gt; beam.ParDo(Preprocess(tokenizer=tokenizer))
        | &#34;RunInference&#34; &gt;&gt; RunInference(model_handler=model_handler)
        | &#34;PostProcess&#34; &gt;&gt; beam.ParDo(Postprocess(tokenizer=tokenizer)))
</code></pre><p>The full code can be found <a href=https://github.com/apache/beam/tree/master/sdks/python/apache_beam/examples/inference/tensorrt_text_classification.py>on GitHub</a>.</p><p>To run this job on Dataflow, run the following command locally:</p><pre tabindex=0><code>python tensorrt_text_classification.py \
--input gs://{GCP_PROJECT}/sentences.txt \
--trt_model_path gs://{GCP_PROJECT}/sst2-text-classification.trt \
--runner DataflowRunner \
--experiment=use_runner_v2 \
--machine_type=n1-standard-4 \
--experiment=&#34;worker_accelerator=type:nvidia-tesla-t4;count:1;install-nvidia-driver&#34; \
--disk_size_gb=75 \
--project {GCP_PROJECT} \
--region us-central1 \
--temp_location gs://{GCP_PROJECT}/tmp/ \
--job_name tensorrt-text-classification \
--sdk_container_image=&#34;us.gcr.io/{GCP_PROJECT}/{MY_DIR}/tensor_rt&#34;
</code></pre><h2 id=dataflow-benchmarking>Dataflow Benchmarking</h2><p>We ran experiments in Dataflow using a TensorRT engine and the following configurations: <code>n1-standard-4</code> machine with a disk size of <code>75GB</code>. To mimic data streaming into Dataflow via <code>PubSub</code>, we set the batch size to 1 by setting the min and max batch sizes for <code>ModelHandlers</code> to 1.</p><table><thead><tr><th style=text-align:center></th><th style=text-align:center>Stage with RunInference</th><th style=text-align:center>Mean inference_batch_latency_micro_secs</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style=text-align:center>TensorFlow with T4 GPU</td><td style=text-align:center>3 min 1 sec</td><td style=text-align:center>15,176</td></tr><tr><td style=text-align:center>TensorRT with T4 GPU</td><td style=text-align:center>45 sec</td><td style=text-align:center>3,685</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The Dataflow runner decomposes a pipeline into multiple stages. You can get a better picture of the performance of RunInference by looking at the stage that contains the inference call, and not the other stages that read and write data. This is in the Stage with RunInference column.</p><p>The metric <code>inference_batch_latency_micro_secs</code> is the time, in microseconds, that it takes to perform the inference on the batch of examples, that is, the time to call <code>model_handler.run_inference</code>. This varies over time depending on the dynamic batching decision of BatchElements, and the particular values or dtype values of the elements. For this metric, you can see that TensorRT is about 4.1x faster than TensorFlow.</p><div class=feedback><p class=update>Last updated on 2024/05/03</p><h3>Have you found everything you were looking for?</h3><p class=description>Was it all useful and clear? Is there anything that you would like to change? Let us know!</p><button class=load-button><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfID7abne3GE6k6RdJIyZhPz2Gef7UkpggUEhTIDjjplHuxSA/viewform?usp=header_link" target=_blank>SEND FEEDBACK</a></button></div></div></div><footer class=footer><div class=footer__contained><div class=footer__cols><div class="footer__cols__col footer__cols__col__logos"><div class=footer__cols__col__logo><img src=/images/beam_logo_circle.svg class=footer__logo alt="Beam logo"></div><div class=footer__cols__col__logo><img src=/images/apache_logo_circle.svg class=footer__logo alt="Apache logo"></div></div><div class=footer-wrapper><div class=wrapper-grid><div class=footer__cols__col><div class=footer__cols__col__title>Start</div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/beam-overview/>Overview</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/quickstart-java/>Quickstart (Java)</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/quickstart-py/>Quickstart (Python)</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/quickstart-go/>Quickstart (Go)</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/get-started/downloads/>Downloads</a></div></div><div class=footer__cols__col><div class=footer__cols__col__title>Docs</div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/documentation/programming-guide/>Concepts</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/documentation/pipelines/design-your-pipeline/>Pipelines</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/documentation/runners/capability-matrix/>Runners</a></div></div><div class=footer__cols__col><div class=footer__cols__col__title>Community</div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/contribute/>Contribute</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=https://projects.apache.org/committee.html?beam target=_blank>Team<img src=/images/external-link-icon.png width=14 height=14 alt="External link."></a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/community/presentation-materials/>Media</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/community/in-person/>Events/Meetups</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/community/contact-us/>Contact Us</a></div></div><div class=footer__cols__col><div class=footer__cols__col__title>Resources</div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=/blog/>Blog</a></div><div class=footer__cols__col__link><a href=https://github.com/apache/beam>GitHub</a></div></div></div><div class=footer__bottom>&copy;
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