GH-49382: [Python] Enable OpenTelemetry on PyArrow wheels (#49383)

### Rationale for this change

Currently we are not building wheels with OpenTelemetry.

### What changes are included in this PR?

- Adding a new feature on our `vcpkg.json` to install required opentelemetry-cpp
- Enabling the opentelemetry feature when downloading dependencies via vcpkg for our wheels.
- Setting `ARROW_WITH_OPENTELEMETRY=ON` on the wheel build scripts
- Minor fix on checking exposed symbols (opentelemetry symbols are exposed)
- Minor improvement to `python/examples/flight/middleware.py` to be able to easily enable opentelemetry middleware tracing for testing.
- Fix on `server_tracing_middleware.cc` to retrieve tracer from `arrow::internal::tracing::GetTracer();` instead of `otel::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider()->GetTracer("arrow");`
- Expose missing symbols to enable Windows builds
- Fix Windows compatibility adding windows compat header.
- Add `is_opentelemetry_enabled` utility function in pyarrow to validate whether OpenTelemetry was enabled or not when building Arrow C++. Expose this information on `pa.show_info()`.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, wheels are being successfully built and tested locally with a built wheel that traces are being generated when properly configured.
Added test to validate traces appear on stdout and I've also validated Acero traces are being correctly generated by running the test suite and seeing the opentelemetry traces on Jaeger UI.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, PyArrow wheel users will be able to enable OpenTelemetry traces.

* GitHub Issue: #49382

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>