| --- |
| title: proxy-cache |
| --- |
| |
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| |
| ## 描述 |
| |
| 代理缓存插件,该插件提供缓存后端响应数据的能力,它可以和其他插件一起使用。该插件支持基于磁盘的缓存,未来也会支持基于内存的缓存。目前可以根据响应码、请求 Method 来指定需要缓存的数据,另外也可以通过 no_cache 和 cache_bypass 配置更复杂的缓存策略。 |
| |
| 基于磁盘的缓存需要注意: |
| |
| 1. 不能动态配置缓存的过期时间,只能通过后端服务响应头 Expires 或 Cache-Control 来设置过期时间,如果后端响应头中没有 Expires 或 Cache-Control,那么 APISIX 将默认只缓存 10 秒钟 |
| 2. 如果后端服务不可用, APISIX 将返回 502 或 504,那么 502 或 504 将被缓存 10 秒钟 |
| |
| ## 属性 |
| |
| | 名称 | 类型 | 必选项 | 默认值 | 有效值 | 描述 | |
| | ------------------ | -------------- | ------ | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| | cache_strategy | string | 可选 | disk | ["disk","memory"] | 缓存策略,指定缓存数据存储在磁盘还是内存中 | |
| | cache_zone | string | 可选 | disk_cache_one | | 指定使用哪个缓存区域,不同的缓存区域可以配置不同的路径,在 conf/config.yaml 文件中可以预定义使用的缓存区域。当不使用默认值时,指定的缓存区域与 conf/config.yaml 文件中预定义的缓存区域不一致,缓存无效。 | |
| | cache_key | array[string] | 可选 | ["$host", "$request_uri"] | | 缓存 key,可以使用变量。例如:["$host", "$uri", "-cache-id"] | |
| | cache_bypass | array[string] | 可选 | | | 是否跳过缓存检索,即不在缓存中查找数据,可以使用变量,需要注意当此参数的值不为空或非'0'时将会跳过缓存的检索。例如:["$arg_bypass"] | |
| | cache_method | array[string] | 可选 | ["GET", "HEAD"] | ["GET", "POST", "HEAD"] | 根据请求 method 决定是否需要缓存 | |
| | cache_http_status | array[integer] | 可选 | [200, 301, 404] | [200, 599] | 根据响应码决定是否需要缓存 | |
| | hide_cache_headers | boolean | 可选 | false | | 是否将 Expires 和 Cache-Control 响应头返回给客户端 | |
| | cache_control | boolean | 可选 | false | | 是否遵守 HTTP 协议规范中的 Cache-Control 的行为 | |
| | no_cache | array[string] | 可选 | | | 是否缓存数据,可以使用变量,需要注意当此参数的值不为空或非'0'时将不会缓存数据 | |
| | cache_ttl | integer | 可选 | 300 秒 | | 当选项 cache_control 未开启或开启以后服务端没有返回缓存控制头时,提供的默认缓存时间 | |
| |
| 注:变量以$开头,也可以使用变量和字符串的结合,但是需要以数组的形式分开写,最终变量被解析后会和字符串拼接在一起。 |
| |
| 在 `conf/config.yaml` 文件中的配置示例: |
| |
| ```yaml |
| proxy_cache: # 代理缓存配置 |
| cache_ttl: 10s # 如果上游未指定缓存时间,则为默认缓存时间 |
| zones: # 缓存的参数 |
| - name: disk_cache_one # 缓存名称 (缓存区域),管理员可以通过 admin api 中的 cache_zone 字段指定要使用的缓存区域 |
| memory_size: 50m # 共享内存的大小,用于存储缓存索引 |
| disk_size: 1G # 磁盘大小,用于存储缓存数据 |
| disk_path: "/tmp/disk_cache_one" # 存储缓存数据的路径 |
| cache_levels: "1:2" # 缓存的层次结构级别 |
| ``` |
| |
| ## 示例 |
| |
| ### 启用插件 |
| |
| 示例一:cache_zone 参数默认为 `disk_cache_one` |
| |
| 1、为特定路由启用 `proxy-cache` 插件: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d ' |
| { |
| "plugins": { |
| "proxy-cache": { |
| "cache_key": ["$uri", "-cache-id"], |
| "cache_bypass": ["$arg_bypass"], |
| "cache_method": ["GET"], |
| "cache_http_status": [200], |
| "hide_cache_headers": true, |
| "no_cache": ["$arg_test"] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "nodes": { |
| "127.0.0.1:1999": 1 |
| }, |
| "type": "roundrobin" |
| }, |
| "uri": "/hello" |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 测试: |
| |
| ```shell |
| $ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -i |
| HTTP/1.1 200 OK |
| Content-Type: application/octet-stream |
| Content-Length: 6 |
| Connection: keep-alive |
| Server: APISIX web server |
| Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 10:45:36 GMT |
| Last-Modified: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 10:36:38 GMT |
| Apisix-Cache-Status: MISS |
| |
| hello |
| ``` |
| |
| > http status 返回 `200` 并且响应头中包含 `Apisix-Cache-Status`,表示该插件已启用。 |
| |
| 2、验证数据是否被缓存,再次请求上边的地址: |
| |
| ```shell |
| $ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -i |
| HTTP/1.1 200 OK |
| Content-Type: application/octet-stream |
| Content-Length: 6 |
| Connection: keep-alive |
| Server: APISIX web server |
| Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 11:14:46 GMT |
| Last-Modified: Thu, 20 Feb 2020 14:21:41 GMT |
| Apisix-Cache-Status: HIT |
| |
| hello |
| ``` |
| |
| > 响应头 Apisix-Cache-Status 值变为了 HIT,说明数据已经被缓存 |
| |
| 示例二:自定义 cache_zone 参数为 `disk_cache_two` |
| |
| 1、在 `conf/config.yaml` 文件中的指定缓存区域等信息: |
| |
| ```yaml |
| proxy_cache: |
| cache_ttl: 10s |
| zones: |
| - name: disk_cache_two |
| memory_size: 50m |
| disk_size: 1G |
| disk_path: "/tmp/disk_cache_one" |
| cache_levels: "1:2" |
| ``` |
| |
| 2、为特定路由启用 `proxy-cache` 插件: |
| |
| ```shell |
| $ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d ' |
| { |
| "plugins": { |
| "proxy-cache": { |
| "cache_zone": "disk_cache_two", |
| "cache_key": ["$uri", "-cache-id"], |
| "cache_bypass": ["$arg_bypass"], |
| "cache_method": ["GET"], |
| "cache_http_status": [200], |
| "hide_cache_headers": true, |
| "no_cache": ["$arg_test"] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "nodes": { |
| "127.0.0.1:1999": 1 |
| }, |
| "type": "roundrobin" |
| }, |
| "uri": "/hello" |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 测试: |
| |
| ```shell |
| $ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -i |
| HTTP/1.1 200 OK |
| Content-Type: application/octet-stream |
| Content-Length: 6 |
| Connection: keep-alive |
| Server: APISIX web server |
| Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 10:45:36 GMT |
| Last-Modified: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 10:36:38 GMT |
| Apisix-Cache-Status: MISS |
| |
| hello |
| ``` |
| |
| > http status 返回 `200` 并且响应头中包含 `Apisix-Cache-Status`,表示该插件已启用。 |
| |
| 3、验证数据是否被缓存,再次请求上面的地址: |
| |
| ```shell |
| $ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -i |
| HTTP/1.1 200 OK |
| Content-Type: application/octet-stream |
| Content-Length: 6 |
| Connection: keep-alive |
| Server: APISIX web server |
| Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 11:14:46 GMT |
| Last-Modified: Thu, 20 Feb 2020 14:21:41 GMT |
| Apisix-Cache-Status: HIT |
| |
| hello |
| ``` |
| |
| > 响应头 `Apisix-Cache-Status` 值变为了 HIT,说明数据已经被缓存 |
| |
| 示例 3:指定 cache_zone 为 `invalid_disk_cache` 与 `conf/config.yaml` 文件中指定的缓存区域 `disk_cache_one` 不一致。 |
| |
| ```shell |
| $ curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d ' |
| { |
| "plugins": { |
| "proxy-cache": { |
| "cache_zone": "invalid_disk_cache", |
| "cache_key": ["$uri", "-cache-id"], |
| "cache_bypass": ["$arg_bypass"], |
| "cache_method": ["GET"], |
| "cache_http_status": [200], |
| "hide_cache_headers": true, |
| "no_cache": ["$arg_test"] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "nodes": { |
| "127.0.0.1:1999": 1 |
| }, |
| "type": "roundrobin" |
| }, |
| "uri": "/hello" |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| ```json |
| {"error_msg":"failed to check the configuration of plugin proxy-cache err: cache_zone invalid_disk_cache not found"} |
| ``` |
| |
| 响应错误信息,表示插件配置无效。 |
| |
| ### 清除缓存数据 |
| |
| 如何清理缓存的数据,只需要指定请求的 method 为 PURGE。 |
| |
| 测试: |
| |
| ```shell |
| $ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -X PURGE |
| HTTP/1.1 200 OK |
| Date: Tue, 03 Mar 2020 11:17:35 GMT |
| Content-Type: text/plain |
| Transfer-Encoding: chunked |
| Connection: keep-alive |
| Server: APISIX web server |
| ``` |
| |
| > 响应码为 200 即表示删除成功,如果缓存的数据未找到将返回 404。 |
| |
| 再次请求,缓存数据未找到返回 404: |
| |
| ```shell |
| $ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/hello -X PURGE |
| HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found |
| Date: Wed, 18 Nov 2020 05:46:34 GMT |
| Content-Type: text/plain |
| Transfer-Encoding: chunked |
| Connection: keep-alive |
| Server: APISIX web server |
| |
| <html> |
| <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head> |
| <body> |
| <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center> |
| <hr><center>openresty</center> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
| ``` |
| |
| ### 禁用插件 |
| |
| 移除插件配置中相应的 JSON 配置可立即禁用该插件,无需重启服务: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H 'X-API-KEY: edd1c9f034335f136f87ad84b625c8f1' -X PUT -d ' |
| { |
| "uri": "/hello", |
| "plugins": {}, |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "nodes": { |
| "127.0.0.1:1999": 1 |
| } |
| } |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 这时该插件已被禁用。 |