| --- |
| title: traffic-split |
| keywords: |
| - APISIX |
| - API 网关 |
| - Traffic Split |
| - 灰度发布 |
| - 蓝绿发布 |
| description: traffic-split 插件根据条件和/或权重将流量引导至各种上游服务。它提供了一种动态灵活的方法来实施发布策略和管理流量。 |
| --- |
| |
| <!-- |
| # |
| # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more |
| # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with |
| # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. |
| # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 |
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| # |
| # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
| # |
| # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
| # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
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| --> |
| |
| <head> |
| <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.api7.ai/hub/traffic-split" /> |
| </head> |
| |
| ## 描述 |
| |
| `traffic-split` 插件根据条件和/或权重将流量引导至各种上游服务。它提供了一种动态且灵活的方法来实施发布策略和管理流量。 |
| |
| :::note 注意 |
| |
| 由于该插件使用了加权循环算法(特别是在重置 `wrr` 状态时),因此在使用该插件时,可能会存在上游服务之间的流量比例不精准现象。 |
| |
| ::: |
| |
| ## 属性 |
| |
| | 名称 | 类型 | 必选项 | 默认值 | 有效值 | 描述 | |
| | ---------------------- | --------------| ------ | ------ | ------ |-------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------| |
| | rules.match | array[object] | 否 | | | 要执行的一对或多对匹配条件和操作的数组。 | |
| | rules.match | array[object] | 否 | | | 条件流量分割的匹配规则。 | |
| | rules.match.vars | array[array] | 否 | | | 以 [lua-resty-expr](https://github.com/api7/lua-resty-expr#operator-list) 形式包含一个或多个匹配条件的数组,用于有条件地执行插件。 | |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams | array[object] | 否 | | | 上游配置列表。 | |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream_id | 字符串/整数 | 否 | | | 配置的上游对象的 ID。 | |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.weight | 整数 | 否 | weight = 1 | | 每个上游的权重。 | |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream | object | 否 | | | 上游配置。此处不支持某些上游配置选项。这些字段为 `service_name`、`discovery_type`、`checks`、`retries`、`retry_timeout`、`desc` 和 `labels`。作为解决方法,您可以创建一个上游对象并在 `upstream_id` 中配置它。| |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream.type | array | 否 | roundrobin | [roundrobin, chash] | 流量分割算法。`roundrobin` 用于加权循环,`chash` 用于一致性哈希。| |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream.hash_on | array | 否 | vars | | 当 `type` 为 `chash` 时使用。支持对 [NGINX 变量](https://nginx.org/en/docs/varindex.html)、headers、cookie、Consumer 或 [Nginx 变量](https://nginx.org/en/docs/varindex.html) 的组合进行哈希处理。 | |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream.key | string | 否 | | | 当 `type` 为 `chash` 时使用。当 `hash_on` 设置为 `header` 或 `cookie` 时,需要 `key`。当 `hash_on` 设置为 `consumer` 时,不需要 `key`,因为消费者名称将自动用作密钥。 | |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream.nodes | object | 否 | | | 上游节点的地址。 | |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream.timeout | object | 否 | 15 | | 连接、发送和接收消息的超时时间(秒)。 | |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream.pass_host | array | 否 | "pass" | ["pass", "node", "rewrite"] | 决定如何传递主机名的模式。`pass` 将客户端的主机名传递给上游。`node` 传递上游节点中配置的主机。`rewrite` 传递 `upstream_host` 中配置的值。| |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream.name | string | 否 | | | 用于指定服务名称、使用场景等的上游标识符。| |
| | rules.weighted_upstreams.upstream.upstream_host | string | 否 | | | 当 `pass_host` 为 `rewrite` 时使用。上游的主机名。| |
| |
| ## 示例 |
| |
| 以下示例展示了使用 `traffic-split` 插件的不同用例。 |
| |
| :::note |
| |
| 您可以这样从 `config.yaml` 中获取 `admin_key` 并存入环境变量: |
| |
| ```bash |
| admin_key=$(yq '.deployment.admin.admin_key[0].key' conf/config.yaml | sed 's/"//g') |
| ``` |
| |
| ::: |
| |
| ### 实现 Canary 发布 |
| |
| 以下示例演示了如何使用此插件实现 Canary 发布。 |
| |
| Canary 发布是一种逐步部署,其中越来越多的流量被定向到新版本,从而实现受控和受监控的发布。此方法可确保在完全重定向所有流量之前,尽早识别和解决新版本中的任何潜在问题或错误。 |
| |
| 创建路由并使用以下规则配置 `traffic-split` 插件: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT \ |
| -H "X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \ |
| -d '{ |
| "uri": "/headers", |
| "id": "traffic-split-route", |
| "plugins": { |
| "traffic-split": { |
| "rules": [ |
| { |
| "weighted_upstreams": [ |
| { |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "httpbin.org:443":1 |
| } |
| }, |
| "weight": 3 |
| }, |
| { |
| "weight": 2 |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "mock.api7.ai:443":1 |
| } |
| } |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 每个 Upstream 的流量比例由该 Upstream 的权重占所有 Upstream 总权重的比例决定,这里总权重计算为:3 + 2 = 5。 |
| |
| 因此,60% 的流量要转发到 `httpbin.org`,另外 40% 的流量要转发到 `mock.api7.ai`。 |
| |
| 向路由发送 10 个连续请求来验证: |
| |
| ```shell |
| resp=$(seq 10 | xargs -I{} curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers" -sL) && \ |
| count_httpbin=$(echo "$resp" | grep "httpbin.org" | wc -l) && \ |
| count_mockapi7=$(echo "$resp" | grep "mock.api7.ai" | wc -l) && \ |
| echo httpbin.org: $count_httpbin, mock.api7.ai: $count_mockapi7 |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```text |
| httpbin.org: 6, mock.api7.ai: 4 |
| ``` |
| |
| 相应地调整上游权重以完成金丝雀发布。 |
| |
| ### 实现蓝绿部署 |
| |
| 以下示例演示如何使用此插件实现蓝绿部署。 |
| |
| 蓝绿部署是一种部署策略,涉及维护两个相同的环境:蓝色和绿色。蓝色环境指的是当前的生产部署,绿色环境指的是新的部署。一旦绿色环境经过测试可以投入生产,流量将被路由到绿色环境,使其成为新的生产部署。 |
| |
| 创建路由并配置 `traffic-split` 插件,以便仅当请求包含标头 `release: new_release` 时才执行插件以重定向流量: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT \ |
| -H "X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \ |
| -d '{ |
| "uri": "/headers", |
| "id": "traffic-split-route", |
| "plugins": { |
| "traffic-split": { |
| "rules": [ |
| { |
| "match": [ |
| { |
| "vars": [ |
| ["http_release","==","new_release"] |
| ] |
| } |
| ], |
| "weighted_upstreams": [ |
| { |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "httpbin.org:443":1 |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "mock.api7.ai:443":1 |
| } |
| } |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 向路由发送一个带有 `release` 标头的请求: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers" -H 'release: new_release' |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```json |
| { |
| "headers": { |
| "Accept": "*/*", |
| "Host": "httpbin.org", |
| ... |
| } |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| 向路由发送一个不带任何附加标头的请求: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers" |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```json |
| { |
| "headers": { |
| "accept": "*/*", |
| "host": "mock.api7.ai", |
| ... |
| } |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| ### 使用 APISIX 表达式定义 POST 请求的匹配条件 |
| |
| 以下示例演示了如何在规则中使用 [lua-resty-expr](https://github.com/api7/lua-resty-expr#operator-list),在满足 POST 请求的某些条件时有条件地执行插件。 |
| |
| 创建路由并使用以下规则配置 `traffic-split` 插件: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT \ |
| -H "X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \ |
| -d '{ |
| "uri": "/post", |
| "methods": ["POST"], |
| "id": "traffic-split-route", |
| "plugins": { |
| "traffic-split": { |
| "rules": [ |
| { |
| "match": [ |
| { |
| "vars": [ |
| ["post_arg_id", "==", "1"] |
| ] |
| } |
| ], |
| "weighted_upstreams": [ |
| { |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "httpbin.org:443":1 |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "mock.api7.ai:443":1 |
| } |
| } |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 发送主体为 `id=1` 的 POST 请求: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/post" -X POST \ |
| -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \ |
| -d 'id=1' |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```json |
| { |
| "args": {}, |
| "data": "", |
| "files": {}, |
| "form": { |
| "id": "1" |
| }, |
| "headers": { |
| "Accept": "*/*", |
| "Content-Length": "4", |
| "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", |
| "Host": "httpbin.org", |
| ... |
| }, |
| ... |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| 发送主体中不包含 `id=1` 的 POST 请求: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/post" -X POST \ |
| -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' \ |
| -d 'random=string' |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该看到请求已转发到 `mock.api7.ai`。 |
| |
| ### 使用 APISIX 表达式定义 AND 匹配条件 |
| |
| 以下示例演示了如何在规则中使用 [lua-resty-expr](https://github.com/api7/lua-resty-expr#operator-list),在满足多个条件时有条件地执行插件。 |
| |
| 创建路由并配置 `traffic-split` 插件,以便仅在满足所有三个条件时重定向流量: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT \ |
| -H "X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \ |
| -d '{ |
| "uri": "/headers", |
| "id": "traffic-split-route", |
| "plugins": { |
| "traffic-split": { |
| "rules": [ |
| { |
| "match": [ |
| { |
| "vars": [ |
| ["arg_name","==","jack"], |
| ["http_user-id",">","23"], |
| ["http_apisix-key","~~","[a-z]+"] |
| ] |
| } |
| ], |
| "weighted_upstreams": [ |
| { |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "httpbin.org:443":1 |
| } |
| }, |
| "weight": 3 |
| }, |
| { |
| "weight": 2 |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "mock.api7.ai:443":1 |
| } |
| } |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 如果满足条件,则 60% 的流量应定向到 `httpbin.org`,另外 40% 的流量应定向到 `mock.api7.ai`。如果不满足条件,则所有流量都应定向到 `mock.api7.ai`。 |
| |
| 发送 10 个满足所有条件的连续请求以验证: |
| |
| ```shell |
| resp=$(seq 10 | xargs -I{} curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers?name=jack" -H 'user-id: 30' -H 'apisix-key: helloapisix' -sL) && \ |
| count_httpbin=$(echo "$resp" | grep "httpbin.org" | wc -l) && \ |
| count_mockapi7=$(echo "$resp" | grep "mock.api7.ai" | wc -l) && \ |
| echo httpbin.org: $count_httpbin, mock.api7.ai: $count_mockapi7 |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```text |
| httpbin.org: 6, mock.api7.ai: 4 |
| ``` |
| |
| 连续发送 10 个不满足条件的请求进行验证: |
| |
| ```shell |
| resp=$(seq 10 | xargs -I{} curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers?name=random" -sL) && \ |
| count_httpbin=$(echo "$resp" | grep "httpbin.org" | wc -l) && \ |
| count_mockapi7=$(echo "$resp" | grep "mock.api7.ai" | wc -l) && \ |
| echo httpbin.org: $count_httpbin, mock.api7.ai: $count_mockapi7 |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```text |
| httpbin.org: 0, mock.api7.ai: 10 |
| ``` |
| |
| ### 使用 APISIX 表达式定义或匹配条件 |
| |
| 以下示例演示了如何在规则中使用 [lua-resty-expr](https://github.com/api7/lua-resty-expr#operator-list),在满足任一条件集时有条件地执行插件。 |
| |
| 创建路由并配置 `traffic-split` 插件,以在满足任一配置条件集时重定向流量: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT \ |
| -H "X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \ |
| -d '{ |
| "uri": "/headers", |
| "id": "traffic-split-route", |
| "plugins": { |
| "traffic-split": { |
| "rules": [ |
| { |
| "match": [ |
| { |
| "vars": [ |
| ["arg_name","==","jack"], |
| ["http_user-id",">","23"], |
| ["http_apisix-key","~~","[a-z]+"] |
| ] |
| }, |
| { |
| "vars": [ |
| ["arg_name2","==","rose"], |
| ["http_user-id2","!",">","33"], |
| ["http_apisix-key2","~~","[a-z]+"] |
| ] |
| } |
| ], |
| "weighted_upstreams": [ |
| { |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "httpbin.org:443":1 |
| } |
| }, |
| "weight": 3 |
| }, |
| { |
| "weight": 2 |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "mock.api7.ai:443":1 |
| } |
| } |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 或者,您也可以使用 [lua-resty-expr](https://github.com/api7/lua-resty-expr#operator-list) 中的 OR 运算符来实现这些条件。 |
| |
| 如果满足条件,则 60% 的流量应定向到 `httpbin.org`,其余 40% 应定向到 `mock.api7.ai`。如果不满足条件,则所有流量都应定向到 `mock.api7.ai`。 |
| |
| 发送 10 个满足第二组条件的连续请求以验证: |
| |
| ```shell |
| resp=$(seq 10 | xargs -I{} curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers?name2=rose" -H 'user-id:30' -H 'apisix-key2: helloapisix' -sL) && \ |
| count_httpbin=$(echo "$resp" | grep "httpbin.org" | wc -l) && \ |
| count_mockapi7=$(echo "$resp" | grep "mock.api7.ai" | wc -l) && \ |
| echo httpbin.org: $count_httpbin, mock.api7.ai: $count_mockapi7 |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```json |
| httpbin.org: 6, mock.api7.ai: 4 |
| ``` |
| |
| 发送 10 个连续的不满足任何一组条件的请求来验证: |
| |
| ```shell |
| resp=$(seq 10 | xargs -I{} curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers?name=random" -sL) && \ |
| count_httpbin=$(echo "$resp" | grep "httpbin.org" | wc -l) && \ |
| count_mockapi7=$(echo "$resp" | grep "mock.api7.ai" | wc -l) && \ |
| echo httpbin.org: $count_httpbin, mock.api7.ai: $count_mockapi7 |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```json |
| httpbin.org: 0, mock.api7.ai: 10 |
| ``` |
| |
| ### 为不同的上游配置不同的规则 |
| |
| 以下示例演示了如何在规则集和上游之间设置一对一映射。 |
| |
| 创建一个路由并使用以下匹配规则配置 `traffic-split` 插件,以便在请求包含标头 `x-api-id: 1` 或 `x-api-id: 2` 时将流量重定向到相应的上游服务: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes" -X PUT \ |
| -H "X-API-KEY: ${ADMIN_API_KEY}" \ |
| -d '{ |
| "uri": "/headers", |
| "id": "traffic-split-route", |
| "plugins": { |
| "traffic-split": { |
| "rules": [ |
| { |
| "match": [ |
| { |
| "vars": [ |
| ["http_x-api-id","==","1"] |
| ] |
| } |
| ], |
| "weighted_upstreams": [ |
| { |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "httpbin.org:443":1 |
| } |
| }, |
| "weight": 1 |
| } |
| ] |
| }, |
| { |
| "match": [ |
| { |
| "vars": [ |
| ["http_x-api-id","==","2"] |
| ] |
| } |
| ], |
| "weighted_upstreams": [ |
| { |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node", |
| "nodes": { |
| "mock.api7.ai:443":1 |
| } |
| }, |
| "weight": 1 |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| ] |
| } |
| }, |
| "upstream": { |
| "type": "roundrobin", |
| "nodes": { |
| "postman-echo.com:443": 1 |
| }, |
| "scheme": "https", |
| "pass_host": "node" |
| } |
| }' |
| ``` |
| |
| 发送带有标头 `x-api-id: 1` 的请求: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers" -H 'x-api-id: 1' |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似于以下内容的 `HTTP/1.1 200 OK` 响应: |
| |
| ```json |
| { |
| "headers": { |
| "Accept": "*/*", |
| "Host": "httpbin.org", |
| ... |
| } |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| 发送带有标头 `x-api-id: 2` 的请求: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers" -H 'x-api-id: 2' |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似于以下内容的 `HTTP/1.1 200 OK` 响应: |
| |
| ```json |
| { |
| "headers": { |
| "accept": "*/*", |
| "host": "mock.api7.ai", |
| ... |
| } |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| 发送不带任何附加标头的请求: |
| |
| ```shell |
| curl "http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers" |
| ``` |
| |
| 您应该会看到类似以下内容的响应: |
| |
| ```json |
| { |
| "headers": { |
| "accept": "*/*", |
| "host": "postman-echo.com", |
| ... |
| } |
| } |
| ``` |