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---
title: opa
keywords:
- Apache APISIX
- API 网关
- Plugin
- Open Policy Agent
- opa
description: 本篇文档介绍了 Apache APISIX 通过 opa 插件与 Open Policy Agent 对接的相关信息。
---
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## 描述
`opa` 插件可用于与 [Open Policy Agent](https://www.openpolicyagent.org) 进行集成,实现后端服务的认证授权与访问服务等功能解耦,减少系统复杂性。
## 属性
| 名称 | 类型 | 必选项 | 默认值 | 有效值 | 描述 |
|-------------------|---------|----------|---------|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| host | string | | | | OPA 服务的主机地址,例如 `https://localhost:8181` |
| ssl_verify | boolean | | true | | 当设置为 `true` 时,将验证 SSL 证书。 |
| policy | string | | | | OPA 策略路径,是 `package` `decision` 配置的组合。当使用高级功能(如自定义响应)时,你可以省略 `decision` 配置。 |
| timeout | integer | | 3000ms | [1, 60000]ms | 设置 HTTP 调用超时时间。 |
| keepalive | boolean | | true | | 当设置为 `true` 时,将为多个请求保持连接并处于活动状态。 |
| keepalive_timeout | integer | | 60000ms | [1000, ...]ms | 连接断开后的闲置时间。 |
| keepalive_pool | integer | | 5 | [1, ...]ms | 连接池限制。 |
| with_route | boolean | | false | | 当设置为 `true` 时,发送关于当前 Route 的信息。 |
| with_service | boolean | | false | | 当设置为 `true` 时,发送关于当前 Service 的信息。 |
| with_consumer | boolean | | false | | 当设置为 `true` 时,发送关于当前 Consumer 的信息。注意,这可能会发送敏感信息,如 API key。请确保在安全的情况下才打开它。 |
## 数据定义
### APISIX 向 OPA 发送信息
下述示例代码展示了如何通过 APISIX OPA 服务发送数据:
```json
{
"type": "http",
"request": {
"scheme": "http",
"path": "\/get",
"headers": {
"user-agent": "curl\/7.68.0",
"accept": "*\/*",
"host": "127.0.0.1:9080"
},
"query": {},
"port": 9080,
"method": "GET",
"host": "127.0.0.1"
},
"var": {
"timestamp": 1701234567,
"server_addr": "127.0.0.1",
"server_port": "9080",
"remote_port": "port",
"remote_addr": "ip address"
},
"route": {},
"service": {},
"consumer": {}
}
```
上述代码具体释义如下:
- `type` 代表请求类型(如 `http` `stream`);
- `request` 则需要在 `type` `http` 时使用,包含基本的请求信息(如 URL、头信息等);
- `var` 包含关于请求连接的基本信息(如 IP、端口、请求时间戳等);
- `route``service` `consumer` 包含的数据与 APISIX 中存储的数据相同,只有当这些对象上配置了 `opa` 插件时才会发送。
### OPA 向 APISIX 返回数据
下述示例代码展示了 OPA 服务对 APISIX 发送请求后的响应数据:
```json
{
"result": {
"allow": true,
"reason": "test",
"headers": {
"an": "header"
},
"status_code": 401
}
}
```
上述响应中的代码释义如下:
- `allow` 配置是必不可少的,它表示请求是否允许通过 APISIX 进行转发;
- `reason``headers` `status_code` 是可选的,只有当你配置一个自定义响应时才会返回这些选项信息,具体使用方法可查看后续测试用例。
## 测试插件
首先启动 OPA 环境:
```shell
docker run -d --name opa -p 8181:8181 openpolicyagent/opa:0.35.0 run -s
```
### 基本用法
一旦你运行了 OPA 服务,就可以进行基本策略的创建:
```shell
curl -X PUT '127.0.0.1:8181/v1/policies/example1' \
-H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
-d 'package example1
import input.request
default allow = false
allow {
# HTTP method must GET
request.method == "GET"
}'
```
然后在指定路由上配置 `opa` 插件:
```shell
curl -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/r1' \
-H 'X-API-KEY: <api-key>' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
"uri": "/*",
"plugins": {
"opa": {
"host": "http://127.0.0.1:8181",
"policy": "example1"
}
},
"upstream": {
"nodes": {
"httpbin.org:80": 1
},
"type": "roundrobin"
}
}'
```
使用如下命令进行测试:
```shell
curl -i -X GET 127.0.0.1:9080/get
```
```shell
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
```
如果尝试向不同的端点发出请求,会出现请求失败的状态:
```shell
curl -i -X POST 127.0.0.1:9080/post
```
```shell
HTTP/1.1 403 FORBIDDEN
```
### 使用自定义响应
除了基础用法外,你还可以为更复杂的使用场景配置自定义响应,参考示例如下:
```shell
curl -X PUT '127.0.0.1:8181/v1/policies/example2' \
-H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
-d 'package example2
import input.request
default allow = false
allow {
request.method == "GET"
}
# custom response body (Accepts a string or an object, the object will respond as JSON format)
reason = "test" {
not allow
}
# custom response header (The data of the object can be written in this way)
headers = {
"Location": "http://example.com/auth"
} {
not allow
}
# custom response status code
status_code = 302 {
not allow
}'
```
同时,你可以将 `opa` 插件的策略参数调整为 `example2`,然后发出请求进行测试:
```shell
curl -i -X GET 127.0.0.1:9080/get
```
```shell
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
```
此时如果你发出一个失败请求,将会收到来自 OPA 服务的自定义响应反馈,如下所示:
```shell
curl -i -X POST 127.0.0.1:9080/post
```
```shell
HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND
Location: http://example.com/auth
test
```
### 发送 APISIX 数据
如果你的 OPA 服务需要根据 APISIX 的某些数据(如 Route Consumer 的详细信息)来进行后续操作时,则可以通过配置插件来实现。
下述示例展示了一个简单的 `echo` 策略,它将原样返回 APISIX 发送的数据:
```shell
curl -X PUT '127.0.0.1:8181/v1/policies/echo' \
-H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
-d 'package echo
allow = false
reason = input'
```
现在就可以在路由上配置插件来发送 APISIX 数据:
```shell
curl -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/r1' \
-H 'X-API-KEY: <api-key>' \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
"uri": "/*",
"plugins": {
"opa": {
"host": "http://127.0.0.1:8181",
"policy": "echo",
"with_route": true
}
},
"upstream": {
"nodes": {
"httpbin.org:80": 1
},
"type": "roundrobin"
}
}'
```
此时如果你提出一个请求,则可以通过自定义响应看到来自路由的数据:
```shell
curl -X GET 127.0.0.1:9080/get
```
```shell
{
"type": "http",
"request": {
xxx
},
"var": {
xxx
},
"route": {
xxx
}
}
```
## 删除插件
当你需要禁用 `opa` 插件时,可以通过以下命令删除相应的 JSON 配置,APISIX 将会自动重新加载相关配置,无需重启服务:
:::note
您可以这样从 `config.yaml` 中获取 `admin_key` 并存入环境变量:
```bash
admin_key=$(yq '.deployment.admin.admin_key[0].key' conf/config.yaml | sed 's/"//g')
```
:::
```shell
curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 -H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -d '
{
"methods": ["GET"],
"uri": "/hello",
"plugins": {},
"upstream": {
"type": "roundrobin",
"nodes": {
"127.0.0.1:1980": 1
}
}
}'
```