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---
title: forward-auth
keywords:
- Apache APISIX
- API 网关
- Plugin
- Forward Authentication
- forward-auth
description: 本文介绍了关于 Apache APISIX `forward-auth` 插件的基本信息及使用方法。
---
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## 描述
`forward-auth` 插件使用的是经典外部认证。当身份认证失败时,可以实现自定义错误或者重定向到认证页面的场景。
`forward-auth` 插件巧妙地将身份认证和授权逻辑移到了一个专门的外部服务中,APISIX 将用户的请求转发给认证服务并阻塞原始请求,然后在认证服务下以非 2xx 状态响应时进行结果替换。
## 属性
| 名称 | 类型 | 必选项 | 默认值 | 有效值 | 描述 |
| ----------------- | ------------- | ------| ------- | -------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| uri | string | | | | 设置 `authorization` 服务的地址 (例如:https://localhost:9188)。 |
| ssl_verify | boolean | | true | [true, false] | 当设置为 `true` 时,验证 SSL 证书。 |
| request_method | string | | GET | ["GET","POST"] | 客户端向 authorization 服务发送请求的方法。当设置为 POST 时,会将 request body 转发至 authorization 服务。 |
| request_headers | array[string] | | | | 设置需要由客户端转发到 `authorization` 服务的请求头。如果没有设置,则只发送 APISIX 提供的 headers (例如:X-Forwarded-XXX)。 |
| extra_headers |object | False | | | 以键值格式传递给授权服务的额外标头。值可以是变量,例如“$request_uri”或“$post_arg.xyz”。 |
| upstream_headers | array[string] | | | | 认证通过时,设置 `authorization` 服务转发至 `upstream` 的请求头。如果不设置则不转发任何请求头。 |
| client_headers | array[string] | | | | 认证失败时,由 `authorization` 服务向 `client` 发送的响应头。如果不设置则不转发任何响应头。 |
| timeout | integer | | 3000ms | [1, 60000]ms | `authorization` 服务请求超时时间。 |
| keepalive | boolean | | true | [true, false] | HTTP 长连接。 |
| keepalive_timeout | integer | | 60000ms | [1000, ...]ms | 长连接超时时间。 |
| keepalive_pool | integer | | 5 | [1, ...]ms | 长连接池大小。 |
| allow_degradation | boolean | | false | | 当设置为 `true` 时,允许在身份验证服务器不可用时跳过身份验证。 |
| status_on_error | integer | | 403 | [200,...,599] | 设置授权服务出现网络错误时返回给客户端的 HTTP 状态。默认状态为“403”。 |
## 数据定义
APISIX 将生成并发送如下所示的请求头到认证服务:
| Scheme | HTTP Method | Host | URI | Source IP |
| ----------------- | ------------------ | ----------------- | --------------- | --------------- |
| X-Forwarded-Proto | X-Forwarded-Method | X-Forwarded-Host | X-Forwarded-Uri | X-Forwarded-For |
## 使用示例
首先,你需要设置一个外部认证服务。以下示例使用的是 Apache APISIX 无服务器插件模拟服务:
:::note
您可以这样从 `config.yaml` 中获取 `admin_key` 并存入环境变量:
```bash
admin_key=$(yq '.deployment.admin.admin_key[0].key' conf/config.yaml | sed 's/"//g')
```
:::
```shell
curl -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/auth' \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
"uri": "/auth",
"plugins": {
"serverless-pre-function": {
"phase": "rewrite",
"functions": [
"return function (conf, ctx)
local core = require(\"apisix.core\");
local authorization = core.request.header(ctx, \"Authorization\");
if authorization == \"123\" then
core.response.exit(200);
elseif authorization == \"321\" then
core.response.set_header(\"X-User-ID\", \"i-am-user\");
core.response.exit(200);
else core.response.set_header(\"Location\", \"http://example.com/auth\");
core.response.exit(403);
end
end"
]
}
}
}'
```
现在你可以在指定 Route 上启用 `forward-auth` 插件:
```shell
curl -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1' \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" \
-d '{
"uri": "/headers",
"plugins": {
"forward-auth": {
"uri": "http://127.0.0.1:9080/auth",
"request_headers": ["Authorization"],
"upstream_headers": ["X-User-ID"],
"client_headers": ["Location"]
}
},
"upstream": {
"nodes": {
"httpbin.org:80": 1
},
"type": "roundrobin"
}
}'
```
完成上述配置后,可通过以下三种方式进行测试:
- 在请求头中发送认证的详细信息:
```shell
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers -H 'Authorization: 123'
```
```
{
"headers": {
"Authorization": "123",
"Next": "More-headers"
}
}
```
- 转发认证服务响应头到 Upstream
```shell
curl http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers -H 'Authorization: 321'
```
```
{
"headers": {
"Authorization": "321",
"X-User-ID": "i-am-user",
"Next": "More-headers"
}
}
```
- 当授权失败时,认证服务可以向用户发送自定义响应:
```shell
curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/headers
```
```shell
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Location: http://example.com/auth
```
### Using data from POST body to make decision on Authorization service
::: note
当要根据 POST 正文做出决定时,建议使用带有 `extra_headers` 字段的 `$post_arg.*` 并根据标头对授权服务做出决定,而不是使用 POST `request_method` 将整个请求正文传递给授权服务。
:::
`/auth` 路由上创建一个无服务器函数,用于检查 `tenant_id` 标头是否存在。如果存在,路由会使用 HTTP 200 进行响应,并将 `X-User-ID` 标头设置为固定值 `i-am-an-user`。如果缺少 `tenant_id`,则会返回 HTTP 400 和错误消息。
```shell
curl -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/auth' \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{
"uri": "/auth",
"plugins": {
"serverless-pre-function": {
"phase": "rewrite",
"functions": [
"return function(conf, ctx)
local core = require(\"apisix.core\")
local tenant_id = core.request.header(ctx, \"tenant_id\")
if tenant_id == \"123\" then
core.response.set_header(\"X-User-ID\", \"i-am-an-user\");
core.response.exit(200);
else
core.response.exit(400, \"tenant_id is \"..tenant_id .. \" but expected 123\");
end
end"
]
}
}
}'
```
创建一个接受 POST 请求的路由,并使用 `forward-auth` 插件通过请求中的 `tenant_id` 调用身份验证端点。仅当身份验证检查返回 200 时,请求才会转发到上游服务。
```shell
curl -X PUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1' \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" \
-d '{
"uri": "/post",
"methods": ["POST"],
"plugins": {
"forward-auth": {
"uri": "http://127.0.0.1:9080/auth",
"request_method": "GET",
"extra_headers": {"tenant_id": "$post_arg.tenant_id"}
}
},
"upstream": {
"nodes": {
"httpbin.org:80": 1
},
"type": "roundrobin"
}
}'
```
发送带有 `tenant_id` 标头的 POST 请求:
```shell
curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/post -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{
"tenant_id": "123"
}'
```
您应该收到类似以下内容的 `HTTP/1.1 200 OK` 响应:
```json
{
"args": {},
"data": "{\n \"tenant_id\": \"123\"\n}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Content-Length": "25",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Host": "127.0.0.1",
"User-Agent": "curl/8.13.0",
"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-687775d8-6890073173b30c2834901e8b",
"X-Forwarded-Host": "127.0.0.1"
},
"json": {
"tenant_id": "123"
},
"origin": "127.0.0.1, 106.215.82.114",
"url": "http://127.0.0.1/post"
}
```
发送带有错误 `tenant_id` 标头的 POST 请求:
```shell
curl -i http://127.0.0.1:9080/post -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST -d '{
"tenant_id": "asdfasd"
}'
```
您应该收到包含以下消息的 `HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request` 响应:
```shell
tenant_id is asdfasd but expected 123
```
## 删除插件
当你需要禁用 `forward-auth` 插件时,可以通过以下命令删除相应的 JSON 配置,APISIX 将会自动重新加载相关配置,无需重启服务:
```shell
curl http://127.0.0.1:9180/apisix/admin/routes/1 \
-H "X-API-KEY: $admin_key" -X PUT -d '
{
"methods": ["GET"],
"uri": "/hello",
"plugins": {},
"upstream": {
"type": "roundrobin",
"nodes": {
"httpbin.org:80": 1
}
}
}'
```