                                    ------
                                    Apache Any23 - Data Conversion
                                    ------
                              The Apache Software Foundation
                                    ------
                                     2011-2012

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~~  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
~~  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
~~  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
~~
~~     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
~~
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~~  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
~~  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
~~  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
~~  limitations under the License.

Data Conversion

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*1*/ Any23 runner = new Any23();
/*2*/ final String content = "@prefix foo: <http://example.org/ns#> .   " +
                             "@prefix : <http://other.example.org/ns#> ." +
                             "foo:bar foo: : .                          " +
                             ":bar : foo:bar .                           ";
//    The second argument of StringDocumentSource() must be a valid IRI.
/*3*/ DocumentSource source = new StringDocumentSource(content, "http://host.com/service");
/*4*/ ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
/*5*/ TripleHandler handler = new NTriplesWriter(out);
      try {
/*6*/     runner.extract(source, handler);
      } finally {
/*7*/     handler.close();
      }
/*8*/ String nt = out.toString("UTF-8");
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 This example aims to demonstrate how to use <<Apache Any23>> to perform RDF data conversion.
 In this code we provide some input data expressed as <<Turtle>> and convert it in <<NTriples>> format.

 At <<line 1>> we define a new instance of the <<Apache Any23>> facade, that provides all the methods
 useful for the transformation. The facade constructor accepts a list of extractor names, if specified
 the extraction will be done only over this list, otherwise the data <MIME Type> will detected and will be applied
 all the compatible extractors declared within the
 {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/extractor/ExtractorRegistry.html}ExtractorRegistry}}.

 The <<line 2>> defines the input string containing some {{{http://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/turtle/}Turtle}} data.

 At <<line 3>> we instantiate a {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/source/StringDocumentSource.html}StringDocumentSource}},
  specifying a content and a the source <IRI>.
 The <IRI> should be the source of the content data, and must be valid.
 Besides the {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/source/StringDocumentSource.html}StringDocumentSource}},
 you can also provide input from other sources, such as <HTTP> requests
 and local files. See the classes in the sources {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/source/package-summary.html}package}}.

 The <<line 4>> defines a buffered output stream that will be used to store the data produced by the
 writer declared at <<line 5>>.

 A writer stores the extracted triples in some destination.
 We use an {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/writer/NTriplesWriter.html}NTriplesWriter}} here that writes
 into a <<ByteArrayOutputStream>>. The main <<RDF>> formats writers are available and it is possible also to store
 the triples directly into an <<RDF4J>> repository to query them via <<SPARQL>>.
 See {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/writer/RepositoryWriter.html}RepositoryWriter}} and the writer
 {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/writer/package-summary.html}package}}.

 The extractor method invoked at <<line 6>> performs the metadata extraction.
 This method accepts as first argument a {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/source/DocumentSource.html}DocumentSource}} and as
 second argument a {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/writer/TripleHandler.html}TripleHandler}},
 that will receive the sequence parsing events generated by the applied extractors. The extract method defines also
 another signature where it is possible to specify a charset encoding for the input data. If <<null>>, the charset
 will be auto detected.

 The {{{./apidocs/org/apache/any23/writer/TripleHandler.html}TripleHandler}} needs to be explicitly closed,
 this is done safely in a <<finally>> block at <<line 7>>.

 The expected output is <UTF-8> encoded at <<line 8>>:

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<http://example.org/ns#bar> <http://example.org/ns#> <http://other.example.org/ns#> .
<http://other.example.org/ns#bar> <http://other.example.org/ns#> <http://example.org/ns#bar> .
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