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<title>Zip Task</title>
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<body>

<h2 id="zip">Zip</h2>
<h3>Description</h3>
<p>Creates a zipfile.</p>
<p>The <var>basedir</var> attribute is the reference directory from where to zip.</p>
<p>Note that file permissions will not be stored in the resulting zipfile.</p>

<p>It is possible to refine the set of files that are being zipped. This can be done with
the <var>includes</var>, <var>includesfile</var>, <var>excludes</var>, <var>excludesfile</var>
and <var>defaultexcludes</var> attributes. With the <var>includes</var> or <var>includesfile</var>
attribute you specify the files you want to have included by using patterns. The <var>exclude</var>
or <var>excludesfile</var> attribute is used to specify the files you want to have excluded. This is
also done with patterns. And finally with the <var>defaultexcludes</var> attribute, you can specify
whether you want to use default exclusions or not. See the section
on <a href="../dirtasks.html#directorybasedtasks">directory based tasks</a>, on how the
inclusion/exclusion of files works, and how to write patterns.</p>

<p>This task forms an implicit <a href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a> and supports most
attributes of <code>&lt;fileset&gt;</code> (<var>dir</var> becomes <var>basedir</var>) as well as
the nested <code>&lt;include&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;exclude&gt;</code>
and <code>&lt;patternset&gt;</code> elements.</p>

<p>Or, you may place within it nested file sets, or references to file sets.  In this
case <var>basedir</var> is optional; the implicit file set is <em>only used</em>
if <var>basedir</var> is set. You may use any mixture of the implicit file set
(with <var>basedir</var> set, and optional attributes like <var>includes</var> and optional
subelements like <code>&lt;include&gt;</code>); explicit nested <code>&lt;fileset&gt;</code>
elements so long as at least one fileset total is specified. The ZIP file will only reflect the
relative paths of files <em>within</em> each fileset. The Zip task and its derivatives know a
special form of a fileset named <code>zipfileset</code> that has additional attributes (described
below).</p>

<p>The Zip task also supports the merging of multiple zip files into the zip file.  This is possible
through either the <var>src</var> attribute of any nested filesets or by using the special nested
fileset <code>zipgroupfileset</code>.</p>

<p>The <var>update</var> parameter controls what happens if the ZIP file already exists. When set
to <q>yes</q>, the ZIP file is updated with the files specified. (New files are added; old files are
replaced with the new versions.) When set to <q>no</q> (the default) the ZIP file is overwritten if
any of the files that would be added to the archive are newer than the entries inside the archive.
Please note that ZIP files store file modification times with a granularity of 2 seconds.  If a file
is less than 2 seconds newer than the entry in the archive, Apache Ant will not consider it
newer.</p>

<p>The <var>whenempty</var> parameter controls what happens when no files match.  If <q>skip</q>
(the default), the ZIP is not created and a warning is issued.  If <q>fail</q>, the ZIP is not
created and the build is halted with an error.  If <q>create</q>, an empty ZIP file (explicitly zero
entries) is created, which should be recognized as such by compliant ZIP manipulation tools.</p>

<p>This task will now use default JVM character encoding for filenames&mdash;this is consistent with
the command line ZIP tools, but causes problems if you try to open them from within Java and your
filenames contain non US-ASCII characters. Use the <var>encoding</var> attribute and set it
to <q>UTF8</q> to create zip files that can safely be read by Java.  For a more complete discussion,
see <a href="#encoding">below</a></p>

<p><em>Since Ant 1.5.2</em>, <code>&lt;zip&gt;</code> can store Unix permissions inside the archive
(see description of the <var>filemode</var> and <var>dirmode</var> attributes
for <a href="../Types/zipfileset.html">&lt;zipfileset&gt;</a>).  Unfortunately there is no portable
way to store these permissions.  Ant uses the algorithm used by <a href="http://www.info-zip.org"
target="_top">Info-Zip's</a> implementation of the <kbd>zip</kbd> and <kbd>unzip</kbd>
commands&mdash;these are the default versions of <kbd>zip</kbd> and <kbd>unzip</kbd> for many
Unix(-like) systems.</p>

<p><strong>Please note that the zip format allows multiple files of the same fully-qualified name to
exist within a single archive.  This has been documented as causing various problems for
unsuspecting users.  If you wish to avoid this behavior you must set the <var>duplicate</var>
attribute to a value other than its default, <q>add</q>.</strong></p>

<p><strong>Please also note</strong> that different ZIP tools handle timestamps differently when it
comes to applying timezone offset calculations of files.  Some ZIP libraries will store the
timestamps as they've been read from the filesystem while others will modify the timestamps both
when reading and writing the files to make all timestamps use the same timezone.  A ZIP archive
created by one library may extract files with "wrong timestamps" when extracted by another
library.</p>

<p>Ant's ZIP classes use the same algorithm as the InfoZIP tools and zlib (timestamps get adjusted),
Windows' "compressed folders" function and WinZIP don't change the timestamps.  This means that
using the <code>unzip</code> task on files created by Windows' compressed folders function may
create files with timestamps that are "wrong", the same is true if you use Windows' functions to
extract an Ant generated ZIP archive.</p>

<h3>Parameters</h3>
<table class="attr">
  <tr>
    <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
    <th scope="col">Description</th>
    <th scope="col">Required</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>destfile</td>
    <td>the zip file to create.</td>
    <td rowspan="2">Exactly one of the two</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>zipfile</td>
    <td class="left"><em><u>deprecated</u></em> old name of <var>destfile</var>.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>basedir</td>
    <td>the directory from which to zip the files.</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>compress</td>
    <td>Not only store data but also compress them.  Unless you set the <var>keepcompression</var>
      attribute to <q>false</q>, this will apply to the entire archive, not only the files you've
      added while updating.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>true</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>keepcompression</td>
    <td>For entries coming from existing archives (like nested <code>zipfileset</code>s or while
      updating the archive), keep the compression as it has been originally instead of using
      the <var>compress</var> attribute. <em>Since Ant 1.6</em></td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>encoding</td>
    <td>The character encoding to use for filenames inside the zip file.  For a list of possible
      values see
      the <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/intl/encoding.doc.html"
      target="_top">Supported Encodings</a>.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to default JVM character encoding</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>filesonly</td>
    <td>Store only file entries.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>includes</td>
    <td>comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be included.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to all (<q>**</q>)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>includesfile</td>
    <td>name of a file. Each line of this file is taken to be an include pattern.</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>excludes</td>
    <td>comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be excluded.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to default excludes or none if <var>defaultexcludes</var> is <q>no</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>excludesfile</td>
    <td>name of a file. Each line of this file is taken to be an exclude pattern.</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>defaultexcludes</td>
    <td>indicates whether default excludes should be used or not (<q>yes|no</q>).</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>yes</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>update</td>
    <td>indicates whether to update or overwrite the destination file if it already exists.</td>
    <td>No; default is <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>whenempty</td>
    <td>behavior when no files match.  Valid values are <q>fail</q>, <q>skip</q>,
      and <q>create</q>.</td>
    <td>No; default is <q>skip</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>duplicate</td>
    <td>behavior when a duplicate file is found.  Valid values are <q>add</q>, <q>preserve</q>,
      and <q>fail</q>.</td>
    <td>No; default is <q>add</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>roundup</td>
    <td>Whether the file modification times will be rounded up to the next even number of
      seconds.<br/>Zip archives store file modification times with a granularity of 2 seconds, so
      the times will either be rounded up or down. If you round down, the archive will always seem
      out-of-date when you rerun the task, so the default is to round up.  Rounding up may lead to a
      different type of problems like JSPs inside a web archive that seem to be slightly more recent
      than precompiled pages, rendering precompilation useless. <em>Since Ant 1.6.2</em></td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>true</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>comment</td>
    <td>Comment to store in the archive. <em>Since Ant 1.6.3</em></td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>level</td>
    <td>Non-default level at which file compression should be performed. Valid values range
      from <q>0</q> (no compression/fastest) to <q>9</q> (maximum compression/slowest). <em>Since
      Ant 1.7</em></td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>preserve0permissions</td>
    <td>when updating an archive or adding entries from a different archive Ant will assume that a
      Unix permissions value of 0 (nobody is allowed to do anything to the file/directory) means
      that the permissions haven't been stored at all rather than real permissions and will instead
      apply its own default values.<br/>  Set this attribute to <q>true</q> if you really want to
      preserve the original permission field. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>
    </td>
    <td>No; default is <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>useLanguageEncodingFlag</td>
    <td>Whether to set the language encoding flag if the encoding is UTF-8. This setting doesn't
      have any effect if the encoding is not UTF-8.  <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.<br/>See also
      the <a href="#encoding">discussion below</a></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>true</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>createUnicodeExtraFields</td>
    <td>Whether to create Unicode extra fields to store the file names a second time inside the
      entry's metadata.<br/>Possible values are <q>never</q>, <q>always</q>
      and <q>not-encodeable</q> which will only add Unicode extra fields if the file name cannot be
      encoded using the specified encoding.  <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.<br/>See also
      the <a href="#encoding">discussion below</a></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>never</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>fallbacktoUTF8</td>
    <td>Whether to use UTF-8 and the language encoding flag instead of the specified encoding if a
      file name cannot be encoded using the specified encoding.  <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.<br/>See
      also the <a href="#encoding">discussion below</a></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>zip64Mode</td>
    <td>When to use Zip64 extensions for entries.  The possible values
      are <q>never</q>, <q>always</q> and <q>as-needed</q>.  <em>Since Ant 1.9.1</em>.<br/>See also
      the <a href="#zip64">discussion below</a></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>as-needed</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td valign="top">modificationtime</td>
    <td valign="top">Set all stored file modification times to the
    given time. This can either be a number interpreted as
    milliseconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z or a string that can be
    parsed as a ISO 8601 timestamp with optional timezone.
      <em>Since Ant 1.10.2</em>.
    </td>
    <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<h3 id="encoding">Encoding of file names</h3>

<p>Traditionally the ZIP archive format uses CodePage 437 as encoding for file name, which is not
sufficient for many international character sets.</p>

<p>Over time different archivers have chosen different ways to work around the
limitation&mdash;the <code class="code">java.util.zip</code> packages simply uses UTF-8 as its
encoding for example.</p>

<p>Ant has been offering the <q>encoding</q> attribute of the <code>zip</code>
and <code>unzip</code> task as a way to explicitly specify the encoding to use (or expect) <em>since
Ant 1.4</em>.  It defaults to default JVM character encoding for <code>zip</code> and UTF-8
for <code>jar</code> and other jar-like tasks (<code>war</code>, <code>ear</code>, ...) as well as
the <code>unzip</code> family of tasks.</p>

<p>More recent versions of the ZIP specification introduce something called the <q>language encoding
flag</q> which can be used to signal that a file name has been encoded using UTF-8. <em>Since Ant
1.8.0</em>, all zip, jar and similar archives written by Ant will set this flag, if the encoding has
been set to UTF-8.  Our interoperability tests with existing archivers didn't show any ill effects
(in fact, most archivers ignore the flag to date), but you can turn off the <q>language encoding
flag</q> by setting the attribute <var>useLanguageEncodingFlag</var> to <q>false</q> on
the <code>zip</code> task if you should encounter problems.</p>

<p>The <code>unzip</code> task (and similar tasks) will recognize the language encoding flag and
ignore the encoding set on the task if it has been found.</p>

<p>The InfoZIP developers have introduced new ZIP extra fields that can be used to add an additional
UTF-8 encoded file name to the entry's metadata.  Most archivers ignore these extra
fields.  <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>, the <code>zip</code> family of tasks support an
option <var>createUnicodeExtraFields</var>, which makes Ant write these extra fields either for all
entries (<q>always</q>) or only those whose name cannot be encoded using the specified encoding
(<q>not-encodeable</q>), it defaults to <q>never</q> since the extra fields create bigger
archives.</p>

<p>The <var>fallbackToUTF8</var> attribute of <code>zip</code> can be used to create archives that
use the specified encoding in the majority of cases but UTF-8 and the language encoding flag for
filenames that cannot be encoded using the specified encoding.</p>

<p>The <code>unzip</code> task will recognize the Unicode extra fields by default and read the file
name information from them, unless you set the optional
attribute <var>scanForUnicodeExtraFields</var> to <q>false</q>.</p>

<h4>Recommendations for interoperability</h4>

<p>The optimal setting of flags depends on the archivers you expect as consumers/producers of the
ZIP archives.  Below are some test results which may be superseded with later versions of each
tool.</p>

<ul>
  <li>The <code class="code">java.util.zip</code> package used by the <kbd>jar</kbd> executable or
    to read jars from your <code>CLASSPATH</code> reads and writes UTF-8 names, it doesn't set or
    recognize any flags or unicode extra fields.</li>
  <li>Since Java 7, <code class="code">java.util.zip</code> writes UTF-8 by default and uses the
    language encoding flag.  It is possible to specify a different encoding when reading/writing
    ZIPs via new constructors.  The package now recognizes the language encoding flag when reading
    and ignores the Unicode extra fields.</li>
  <li>7Zip writes CodePage 437 by default but uses UTF-8 and the language encoding flag when writing
    entries that cannot be encoded as CodePage 437 (similar to the <code>zip</code> task
    with <var>fallbacktoUTF8</var> set to <q>true</q>).  It recognizes the language encoding flag
    when reading and ignores the Unicode extra fields.</li>
  <li>WinZIP writes CodePage 437 and uses Unicode extra fields by default.  It recognizes the
    Unicode extra field and the language encoding flag when reading.</li>
  <li>Windows' "compressed folder" feature doesn't recognize any flag or extra field and creates
    archives using the default platform encoding&mdash;and expects archives to be in that encoding
    when reading them.</li>
  <li>InfoZIP based tools can recognize and write both, it is a compile time option and depends on
    the platform so your mileage may vary.</li>
  <li>PKWARE zip tools recognize both and prefer the language encoding flag.  They create archives
    using CodePage 437 if possible and UTF-8 plus the language encoding flag for file names that
    cannot be encoded as CodePage 437.</li>
</ul>

<p>So, what to do?</p>

<p>If you are creating jars, then <code class="code">java.util.zip</code> is your main consumer.  We
recommend you set the encoding to UTF-8 and keep the language encoding flag enabled.  The flag won't
help or hurt <code class="code">java.util.zip</code> prior to Java 7 but archivers that support it
will show the correct file names.</p>

<p>For maximum interoparability it is probably best to set the encoding to UTF-8, enable the
language encoding flag and create Unicode extra fields when writing ZIPs.  Such archives should be
extracted correctly by <code class="code">java.util.zip</code>, 7Zip, WinZIP, PKWARE tools and most
likely InfoZIP tools.  They will be unusable with Windows' "compressed folders" feature and bigger
than archives without the Unicode extra fields, though.</p>

<p>If Windows' "compressed folders" is your primary consumer, then your best option is to explicitly
set the encoding to the target platform.  You may want to enable creation of Unicode extra fields so
the tools that support them will extract the file names correctly.</p>

<h3 id="zip64">Zip64 extensions</h3>

<p>Zip64 extensions provide a way to create archives bigger than 4 GB or holding more than 65535
entries&mdash;or add individual entries bigger than 4 GB using the ZIP extension field mechanism.
These extensions are supported by most modern ZIP implementations.</p>

<p>When Ant writes compressed entries into the archive it creates it doesn't know the compressed
size of an entry before it has been written.  Unfortunately the decision whether a Zip64 extra field
will be written has to be made before writing the entry's content.</p>

<p>Ant 1.9.0 introduced support for Zip64 extensions but didn't provide any control over their
usage. <em>Since Ant 1.9.1</em>, a new <var>zip64mode</var> attribute was added to
the <code>zip</code> family of tasks.  It supports three values:

<ul>
  <li><q>never</q> means no Zip64 extra fields will ever be written. This is the behavior of Ant
    prior to 1.9.0 and the default behavior of <code>jar</code>, <code>ear</code>
    and <code>war</code> <em>since Ant 1.9.1</em>.</li>
  <li><q>always</q> means Zip64 extra fields are written for all entries.</li>
  <li><q>as-needed</q> means Zip64 extra fields are written for all compressed entries to the "local
    file header" (by default these are all files but not the directories) but only written to the
    central directory if the entry really required Zip64 features.  This is the default behavior of
    Ant 1.9.0 and remains the default behavior of the <code>zip</code> task.</li>
</ul>

<p><q>as-needed</q> provides a good compromise if you don't know whether you archive will exceed the
limits of traditional zip files but don't want to waste too much space (the Zip64 extensions take up
extra space).  Unfortunately some ZIP implementations don't understand Zip64 extra fields or fail to
parse archives with extra fields in local file headers that are not present in the central
directory, one such implementation is the <code class="code">java.util.zip</code> package of Java 5,
that's why the <code>jar</code> tasks default to <q>never</q>.  Archives created
with <q>as-needed</q> can be read without problems with Java 6 and later.</p>

<h3>Parameters specified as nested elements</h3>

<h4>any resource collection</h4>
<p><a href="../Types/resources.html#collection">resource collections</a> are used to select groups
of files to archive.</p>
<p>Prior to Ant 1.7 only <code>&lt;fileset&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;zipfileset&gt;</code> have been
supported as nested elements.</p>

<h4 id="zipgroupfileset">zipgroupfileset</h4>
<p>A <code>&lt;zipgroupfileset&gt;</code> allows for multiple zip files to be merged into the
archive. Each file found in this fileset is added to the archive the same way
that <code>zipfileset</code> <var>src</var> files are added.</p>

<p><code>&lt;zipgroupfileset&gt;</code> is a <a href="../Types/fileset.html">fileset</a> and
supports all of its attributes and nested elements.</p>

<h3>Examples</h3>
<p>Zip all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory into a file
called <samp>manual.zip</samp> in the <samp>${dist}</samp> directory.</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.zip&quot;
     basedir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot;/&gt;</pre>

<p>Zip all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory into a file
called <samp>manual.zip</samp> in the <samp>${dist}</samp> directory. If <samp>manual.zip</samp>
doesn't exist, it is created; otherwise it is updated with the new/changed files.</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.zip&quot;
     basedir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot;
     update=&quot;true&quot;/&gt;</pre>

<p>Zip all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory. Files in the
directory <samp>mydocs</samp>, or files with the name <samp>todo.html</samp> are excluded.</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.zip&quot;
     basedir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot;
     excludes=&quot;mydocs/**, **/todo.html&quot;/&gt;</pre>

<p>Zip all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory. Only <samp>html</samp> files under the
directory <samp>api</samp> are zipped, and files with the name <samp>todo.html</samp> are
excluded.</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.zip&quot;
     basedir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot;
     includes=&quot;api/**/*.html&quot;
     excludes=&quot;**/todo.html&quot;/&gt;</pre>

<p>Zip all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory, and also add the
file <samp>ChangeLog.txt</samp> in the current directory. <samp>ChangeLog.txt</samp> will be added
to the top of the ZIP file, just as if it had been located
at <samp>htdocs/manual/ChangeLog.txt</samp>.</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.zip&quot;&gt;
  &lt;fileset dir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;fileset dir=&quot;.&quot; includes=&quot;ChangeLog.txt&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/zip&gt;</pre>

<p>Zip all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory into the <samp>docs/user-guide</samp>
directory in the archive, adds the file <samp>ChangeLog27.txt</samp> in the current directory
as <samp>docs/ChangeLog.txt</samp>, and includes all the <samp>html</samp> files
in <samp>examples.zip</samp> under <samp>docs/examples</samp>.</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.zip&quot;&gt;
  &lt;zipfileset dir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot; prefix=&quot;docs/user-guide&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;zipfileset dir=&quot;.&quot; includes=&quot;ChangeLog27.txt&quot; fullpath=&quot;docs/ChangeLog.txt&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;zipfileset src=&quot;examples.zip&quot; includes=&quot;**/*.html&quot; prefix=&quot;docs/examples&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/zip&gt;</pre>
<p>The archive might end up containing the files:</p>
<pre>
    docs/user-guide/html/index.html
    docs/ChangeLog.txt
    docs/examples/index.html</pre>

<p>Zip all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory into the <samp>docs/user-guide</samp>
directory in the archive and include all the files in any file that
matches <samp>examples*.zip</samp>, such as all files within <samp>examples1.zip</samp>
or <samp>examples_for_brian.zip</samp>.</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.zip&quot;&gt;
  &lt;zipfileset dir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot; prefix=&quot;docs/user-guide&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;zipgroupfileset dir=&quot;.&quot; includes=&quot;examples*.zip&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/zip&gt;</pre>
<p>The same can be achieved with</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.zip&quot;&gt;
  &lt;mappedresources&gt;
    &lt;fileset dir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;globmapper from="*" to="docs/user-guide/*"/&gt;
  &lt;/mappedresources&gt;
  &lt;archives&gt;
    &lt;zips&gt;
      &lt;fileset dir=&quot;.&quot; includes=&quot;examples*.zip&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/zips&gt;
  &lt;/archives&gt;
&lt;/zip&gt;</pre>

<p>Re-package a TAR archive as a ZIP archive. If Unix file permissions have been stored as part of
the TAR file, they will be retained in the resulting ZIP archive.</p>
<pre>
&lt;zip destfile="release.zip"&gt;
  &lt;tarfileset src="release.tar"/&gt;
&lt;/zip&gt;</pre>

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