# Apache Server Configs v2.2.0 | MIT License
# https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache


# ##############################################################################
# # ERRORS                                                                     #
# ##############################################################################

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | 404 error prevention for non-existing redirected folders                   |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Prevent Apache from returning a 404 error as the result of a rewrite
# when the directory with the same name does not exist.
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews
# http://www.webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htm

Options -MultiViews

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Custom error messages / pages                                              |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error.
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument

ErrorDocument 404 /404.html


# ##############################################################################
# # INTERNET EXPLORER                                                          #
# ##############################################################################

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Better website experience                                                  |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Force Internet Explorer to render pages in the highest available mode
# in the various cases when it may not.
# http://hsivonen.iki.fi/doctype/ie-mode.pdf

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge"
    # `mod_headers` cannot match based on the content-type, however, this
    # header should be send only for HTML pages and not for the other resources
    <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|tt[cf]|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff|xml|xpi)$">
        Header unset X-UA-Compatible
    </FilesMatch>
</IfModule>


# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | UTF-8 encoding                                                             |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Use UTF-8 encoding for anything served as `text/html` or `text/plain`.
AddDefaultCharset utf-8

# Force UTF-8 for certain file formats.
<IfModule mod_mime.c>
    AddCharset utf-8 .atom .css .js .json .jsonld .rss .vtt .webapp .xml
</IfModule>


# ##############################################################################
# # SECURITY                                                                   #
# ##############################################################################

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Clickjacking                                                               |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Protect website against clickjacking.

# The example below sends the `X-Frame-Options` response header with the value
# `DENY`, informing browsers not to display the web page content in any frame.

# This might not be the best setting for everyone. You should read about the
# other two possible values for `X-Frame-Options`: `SAMEORIGIN` & `ALLOW-FROM`.
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034#section-2.1

# Keep in mind that while you could send the `X-Frame-Options` header for all
# of your site’s pages, this has the potential downside that it forbids even
# non-malicious framing of your content (e.g.: when users visit your site using
# a Google Image Search results page).

# Nonetheless, you should ensure that you send the `X-Frame-Options` header for
# all pages that allow a user to make a state changing operation (e.g: pages
# that contain one-click purchase links, checkout or bank-transfer confirmation
# pages, pages that make permanent configuration changes, etc.).

# Sending the `X-Frame-Options` header can also protect your website against
# more than just clickjacking attacks: https://cure53.de/xfo-clickjacking.pdf.

# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7034
# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2010/03/30/combating-clickjacking-with-x-frame-options.aspx
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Clickjacking

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header set X-Frame-Options "DENY"
    <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|tt[cf]|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff|xml|xpi)$">
        Header unset X-Frame-Options
    </FilesMatch>
</IfModule>


# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | File access                                                                |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Block access to directories without a default document.
# You should leave the following uncommented, as you shouldn't allow anyone to
# surf through every directory on your server (which may includes rather private
# places such as the CMS's directories).

<IfModule mod_autoindex.c>
    Options -Indexes
</IfModule>

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

# Block access to hidden files and directories.
# This includes directories used by version control systems such as Git and SVN.

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR]
    RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f
    RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
</IfModule>

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

# Block access to files that can expose sensitive information.

# By default, block access to backup and source files that may be left by some
# text editors and can pose a security risk when anyone has access to them.
# http://feross.org/cmsploit/

# IMPORTANT: Update the `<FilesMatch>` regular expression from below to include
# any files that might end up on your production server and can expose sensitive
# information about your website. These files may include: configuration files,
# files that contain metadata about the project (e.g.: project dependencies),
# build scripts, etc..

<FilesMatch "(^#.*#|\.(bak|config|dist|fla|in[ci]|log|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$">

    # Apache < 2.3
    <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
        Order allow,deny
        Deny from all
        Satisfy All
    </IfModule>

    # Apache ≥ 2.3
    <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
        Require all denied
    </IfModule>

</FilesMatch>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Reducing MIME type security risks                                          |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Prevent some browsers from MIME-sniffing the response.

# This reduces exposure to drive-by download attacks and cross-origin data
# leaks, and should be left uncommented, especially if the web server is
# serving user-uploaded content or content that could potentially be treated
# as executable by the browser.

# http://www.slideshare.net/hasegawayosuke/owasp-hasegawa
# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-v-comprehensive-protection.aspx
# http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/gg622941.aspx
# http://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/

<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
</IfModule>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks                               |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# (1) Try to re-enable the Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) filter built into the
#     most recent web browsers.
#
#     The filter is usually enabled by default, but in some cases it may be
#     disabled by the user. However, in Internet Explorer for example, it can
#     be re-enabled just by sending the `X-XSS-Protection` header with the
#     value of `1`.
#
# (2) Prevent web browsers from rendering the web page if a potential reflected
#     (a.k.a non-persistent) XSS attack is detected by the filter.
#
#     By default, if the filter is enabled and browsers detect a reflected
#     XSS attack, they will attempt to block the attack by making the smallest
#     possible modifications to the returned web page.
#
#     Unfortunately, in some browsers (e.g.: Internet Explorer), this default
#     behavior may allow the XSS filter to be exploited, thereby, it's better
#     to tell browsers to prevent the rendering of the page altogether, instead
#     of attempting to modify it.
#
#     http://hackademix.net/2009/11/21/ies-xss-filter-creates-xss-vulnerabilities
#
# IMPORTANT: Do not rely on the XSS filter to prevent XSS attacks! Ensure that
# you are taking all possible measures to prevent XSS attacks, the most obvious
# being: validating and sanitizing your site's inputs.
#
# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter.aspx
# http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ieinternals/archive/2011/01/31/controlling-the-internet-explorer-xss-filter-with-the-x-xss-protection-http-header.aspx
# https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Cross-site_Scripting_%28XSS%29

# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
#     #                           (1)    (2)
#     Header set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
#     <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|atom|crx|css|cur|eot|f4[abpv]|flv|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|json(ld)?|m4[av]|manifest|map|mp4|oex|og[agv]|opus|otf|pdf|png|rdf|rss|safariextz|svgz?|swf|tt[cf]|vcf|vtt|webapp|web[mp]|woff|xml|xpi)$">
#         Header unset X-XSS-Protection
#     </FilesMatch>
# </IfModule>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)                                                 |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Rewrite secure requests properly in order to prevent SSL certificate warnings.
# E.g.: prevent `https://www.example.com` when your certificate only allows
# `https://secure.example.com`.

# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
#    RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443
#    RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]
# </IfModule>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)                                      |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Force client-side SSL redirection.

# If a user types `example.com` in his browser, the above rule will redirect
# him to the secure version of the site. That still leaves a window of
# opportunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker to downgrade or
# redirect the request.

# The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to your server
# via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the address bar.

# http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1
# http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/

# IMPORTANT: Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the subdomains
# are not using HTTPS.

# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
#    Header set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains"
# </IfModule>


# ##############################################################################
# # WEB PERFORMANCE                                                            #
# ##############################################################################

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Compression                                                                |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<IfModule mod_deflate.c>

    # Force compression for mangled headers.
    # http://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping
    <IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
        <IfModule mod_headers.c>
            SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding
            RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding
        </IfModule>
    </IfModule>

    # Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types
    # (for Apache versions below 2.3.7, you don't need to enable `mod_filter`
    #  and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>` and `</IfModule>` lines
    #  as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in the core directives).
    <IfModule mod_filter.c>
        AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml \
                                      application/javascript \
                                      application/json \
                                      application/ld+json \
                                      application/rss+xml \
                                      application/vnd.ms-fontobject \
                                      application/x-font-ttf \
                                      application/x-web-app-manifest+json \
                                      application/xhtml+xml \
                                      application/xml \
                                      font/opentype \
                                      image/svg+xml \
                                      image/x-icon \
                                      text/css \
                                      text/html \
                                      text/plain \
                                      text/x-component \
                                      text/xml
    </IfModule>

</IfModule>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Content transformations                                                    |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Prevent mobile network providers from modifying the website's content.
# http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9.5.

# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
#    Header set Cache-Control "no-transform"
# </IfModule>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | ETags                                                                      |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Remove `ETags` as resources are sent with far-future expires headers.
# http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags.

# `FileETag None` doesn't work in all cases.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header unset ETag
</IfModule>

FileETag None

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Expires headers                                                            |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# The following expires headers are set pretty far in the future. If you
# don't control versioning with filename-based cache busting, consider
# lowering the cache time for resources such as style sheets and JavaScript
# files to something like one week.

<IfModule mod_expires.c>

    ExpiresActive on
    ExpiresDefault                                      "access plus 1 month"

  # CSS
    ExpiresByType text/css                              "access plus 1 year"

  # Data interchange
    ExpiresByType application/json                      "access plus 0 seconds"
    ExpiresByType application/ld+json                   "access plus 0 seconds"
    ExpiresByType application/xml                       "access plus 0 seconds"
    ExpiresByType text/xml                              "access plus 0 seconds"

  # Favicon (cannot be renamed!) and cursor images
    ExpiresByType image/x-icon                          "access plus 1 week"

  # HTML components (HTCs)
    ExpiresByType text/x-component                      "access plus 1 month"

  # HTML
    ExpiresByType text/html                             "access plus 0 seconds"

  # JavaScript
    ExpiresByType application/javascript                "access plus 1 year"

  # Manifest files
    ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json   "access plus 0 seconds"
    ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest                   "access plus 0 seconds"

  # Media
    ExpiresByType audio/ogg                             "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/gif                             "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/jpeg                            "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/png                             "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType video/mp4                             "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType video/ogg                             "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType video/webm                            "access plus 1 month"

  # Web feeds
    ExpiresByType application/atom+xml                  "access plus 1 hour"
    ExpiresByType application/rss+xml                   "access plus 1 hour"

  # Web fonts
    ExpiresByType application/font-woff                 "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject         "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf                "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType font/opentype                         "access plus 1 month"
    ExpiresByType image/svg+xml                         "access plus 1 month"

</IfModule>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | Filename-based cache busting                                               |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version revving,
# you might want to consider enabling the following directives to route all
# requests such as `/css/style.12345.css` to `/css/style.css`.

# To understand why this is important and a better idea than `*.css?v231`, read:
# http://stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring

# <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
#    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
#    RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(js|css|png|jpe?g|gif)$ $1.$3 [L]
# </IfModule>

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# | File concatenation                                                         |
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Allow concatenation from within specific style sheets and JavaScript files.

# e.g.:
#
#   If you have the following content in a file
#
#       <!--#include file="libs/jquery.js" -->
#       <!--#include file="plugins/jquery.timer.js" -->
#
#   Apache will replace it with the content from the specified files.

# <IfModule mod_include.c>
#    <FilesMatch "\.combined\.js$">
#        Options +Includes
#        AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript application/json
#        SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
#    </FilesMatch>
#    <FilesMatch "\.combined\.css$">
#        Options +Includes
#        AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css
#        SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
#    </FilesMatch>
# </IfModule>