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| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#quick-start-scenarios-of-image-extending">Quick start scenarios of image extending</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-new-apt-package">Adding new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-a-new-pypi-package">Adding a new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPI</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#embedding-dags">Embedding DAGs</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#extending-vs-customizing-the-image">Extending vs. customizing the image</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#why-customizing-the-image">Why customizing the image ?</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#building-images-primer">Building images primer</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#extending-the-image">Extending the image</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#base-images">Base images</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#important-notes-for-the-base-images">Important notes for the base images</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-image-extending">Examples of image extending</a><ul> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-customizing-airflow-provider-packages">Example of customizing Airflow Provider packages</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-adding-airflow-provider-package-and-apt-package">Example of adding Airflow Provider package and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-adding-apt-package">Example of adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-adding-pypi-package">Example of adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPI</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#example-when-writable-directory-is-needed">Example when writable directory is needed</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#example-when-you-add-packages-requiring-compilation">Example when you add packages requiring compilation</a></li> |
| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#example-when-you-want-to-embed-dags">Example when you want to embed DAGs</a></li> |
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| <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#the-architecture-of-the-images">The architecture of the images</a></li> |
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| <div class="section" id="building-the-image"> |
| <span id="build-build-image"></span><h1>Building the image<a class="headerlink" href="#building-the-image" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>Before you dive-deeply in the way how the Airflow Image is built, let us first explain why you might need |
| to build the custom container image and we show a few typical ways you can do it.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="quick-start-scenarios-of-image-extending"> |
| <h2>Quick start scenarios of image extending<a class="headerlink" href="#quick-start-scenarios-of-image-extending" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The most common scenarios where you want to build your own image are adding a new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package, |
| adding a new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPI</span></code> dependency and embedding DAGs into the image. |
| Example Dockerfiles for those scenarios are below, and you can read further |
| for more complex cases which might involve either extending or customizing the image. You will find |
| more information about more complex scenarios below, but if your goal is to quickly extend the Airflow |
| image with new provider, package, etc. then here is a quick start for you.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="adding-new-apt-package"> |
| <h3>Adding new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-new-apt-package" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vim</span></code> to the Airflow image. When adding packages via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> you should |
| switch to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root</span></code> user when running the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> commands, but do not forget to switch back to the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span></code> user after installation is complete.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/add-apt-packages/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| <span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">root</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>apt-get update <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends <span class="se">\</span> |
| vim <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get autoremove -yqq --purge <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get clean <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* |
| <span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">airflow</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="adding-a-new-pypi-package"> |
| <h3>Adding a new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPI</span></code> package<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-a-new-pypi-package" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxml</span></code> python package from PyPI to the image. When adding packages via |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> you need to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span></code> user rather than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root</span></code>. Attempts to install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> packages |
| as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root</span></code> will fail with an appropriate error message.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/add-pypi-packages/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>pip install --no-cache-dir lxml |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="embedding-dags"> |
| <h3>Embedding DAGs<a class="headerlink" href="#embedding-dags" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_dag.py</span></code> to your image in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/opt/airflow/dags</span></code> folder.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/embedding-dags/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span>--chown<span class="o">=</span>airflow:root test_dag.py /opt/airflow/dags |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header example-header--with-button"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/embedding-dags/test_dag.py</span><a class="example-header-button viewcode-button reference internal" href="_modules/docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/embedding-dags/test_dag.html"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="sd">"""This dag only runs some simple tasks to test Airflow's task execution."""</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> |
| |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pendulum</span> |
| |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.models.dag</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DAG</span> |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.operators.empty</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">EmptyOperator</span> |
| |
| <span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pendulum</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tz</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"UTC"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">now_to_the_hour</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minute</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">second</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">microsecond</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">START_DATE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">now_to_the_hour</span> |
| <span class="n">DAG_NAME</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'test_dag_v1'</span> |
| |
| <span class="n">dag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAG</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">DAG_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">schedule_interval</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'*/10 * * * *'</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">default_args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'depends_on_past'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">},</span> |
| <span class="n">start_date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">pendulum</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2021</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tz</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"UTC"</span><span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="n">catchup</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="n">run_this_1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmptyOperator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'run_this_1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dag</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">run_this_2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmptyOperator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'run_this_2'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dag</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">run_this_2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_upstream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">run_this_1</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">run_this_3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmptyOperator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'run_this_3'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dag</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">run_this_3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_upstream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">run_this_2</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="extending-vs-customizing-the-image"> |
| <h2>Extending vs. customizing the image<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-vs-customizing-the-image" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>You might want to know very quickly whether you need to extend or customize the existing image |
| for Apache Airflow. This chapter gives you a short answer to those questions.</p> |
| <p>Here is the comparison of the two approaches:</p> |
| <table class="docutils align-default"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 68%" /> |
| <col style="width: 14%" /> |
| <col style="width: 17%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Extending</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Customizing</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Uses familiar ‘FROM’ pattern of image building</p></td> |
| <td><p>Yes</p></td> |
| <td><p>No</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Requires only basic knowledge about images</p></td> |
| <td><p>Yes</p></td> |
| <td><p>No</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Builds quickly</p></td> |
| <td><p>Yes</p></td> |
| <td><p>No</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Produces image heavily optimized for size</p></td> |
| <td><p>No</p></td> |
| <td><p>Yes</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Can build from custom airflow sources (forks)</p></td> |
| <td><p>No</p></td> |
| <td><p>Yes</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Can build on air-gaped system</p></td> |
| <td><p>No</p></td> |
| <td><p>Yes</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <p>TL;DR; If you have a need to build custom image, it is easier to start with “Extending”. However, if your |
| dependencies require compilation steps or when your require to build the image from security vetted |
| packages, switching to “Customizing” the image provides much more optimized images. For example, |
| if we compare equivalent images built by “Extending” and “Customization”, they end up being |
| 1.1GB and 874MB respectively - a 20% improvement in size for the Customized image.</p> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>You can also combine both - customizing & extending the image in one. You can build your |
| optimized base image first using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">customization</span></code> method (for example by your admin team) with all |
| the heavy compilation required dependencies and you can publish it in your registry and let others |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend</span></code> your image using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FROM</span></code> and add their own lightweight dependencies. This reflects well |
| the split where typically “Casual” users will Extend the image and “Power-users” will customize it.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>Airflow Summit 2020’s <a class="reference external" href="https://youtu.be/wDr3Y7q2XoI">Production Docker Image</a> talk provides more |
| details about the context, architecture and customization/extension methods for the Production Image.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="why-customizing-the-image"> |
| <h2>Why customizing the image ?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-customizing-the-image" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The Apache Airflow community, releases Docker Images which are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reference</span> <span class="pre">images</span></code> for Apache Airflow. |
| However, Airflow has more than 60 community managed providers (installable via extras) and some of the |
| default extras/providers installed are not used by everyone, sometimes others extras/providers |
| are needed, sometimes (very often actually) you need to add your own custom dependencies, |
| packages or even custom providers.</p> |
| <p>In Kubernetes and Docker terms this means that you need another image with your specific requirements. |
| This is why you should learn how to build your own Docker (or more properly Container) image. |
| You might be tempted to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reference</span> <span class="pre">image</span></code> and dynamically install the new packages while |
| starting your containers, but this is a bad idea for multiple reasons - starting from fragility of the build |
| and ending with the extra time needed to install those packages - which has to happen every time every |
| container starts. The only viable way to deal with new dependencies and requirements in production is to |
| build and use your own image. You should only use installing dependencies dynamically in case of |
| “hobbyist” and “quick start” scenarios when you want to iterate quickly to try things out and later |
| replace it with your own images.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="building-images-primer"> |
| <h2>Building images primer<a class="headerlink" href="#building-images-primer" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> does not strictly follow the <a class="reference external" href="https://semver.org/">SemVer</a> approach of |
| Apache Airflow when it comes to features and backwards compatibility. While Airflow code strictly |
| follows it, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> is really a way to conveniently package Airflow using standard container |
| approach, occasionally there are some changes in the building process or in the entrypoint of the image |
| that require slight adaptation. Details of changes and adaptation needed can be found in the |
| <a class="reference internal" href="changelog.html"><span class="doc">Changelog</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>There are several most-typical scenarios that you will encounter and here is a quick recipe on how to achieve |
| your goal quickly. In order to understand details you can read further, but for the simple cases using |
| typical tools here are the simple examples.</p> |
| <p>In the simplest case building your image consists of those steps:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Create your own <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> (name it <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code>) where you add:</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>information what your image should be based on (for example <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FROM:</span> <span class="pre">apache/airflow:|airflow-version|-python3.8</span></code></p></li> |
| <li><p>additional steps that should be executed in your image (typically in the form of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RUN</span> <span class="pre"><command></span></code>)</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <ol class="arabic simple" start="2"> |
| <li><p>Build your image. This can be done with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span></code> CLI tools and examples below assume <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span></code> is used. |
| There are other tools like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">kaniko</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">podman</span></code> that allow you to build the image, but <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span></code> is |
| so far the most popular and developer-friendly tool out there. Typical way of building the image looks |
| like follows (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">my-image:0.0.1</span></code> is the custom tag of your image containing version). |
| In case you use some kind of registry where you will be using the image from, it is usually named |
| in the form of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">registry/image-name</span></code>. The name of the image has to be configured for the deployment |
| method your image will be deployed. This can be set for example as image name in the |
| <a class="reference external" href="running-airflow-in-docker">docker-compose file</a> or in the <a class="reference external" href="helm-chart">Helm chart</a>.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>docker build . -f Dockerfile --pull --tag my-image:0.0.1 |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <ol class="arabic simple" start="3"> |
| <li><p>[Optional] Test the image. Airflow contains tool that allows you to test the image. This step however, |
| requires locally checked out or extracted Airflow sources. If you happen to have the sources you can |
| test the image by running this command (in airflow root folder). The output will tell you if the image |
| is “good-to-go”.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <div class="highlight-shell notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>./scripts/ci/tools/verify_docker_image.sh PROD my-image:0.0.1 |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <ol class="arabic simple" start="4"> |
| <li><p>Once you build the image locally you have usually several options to make them available for your deployment:</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>For <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-compose</span></code> deployment, if you’ve already built your image, and want to continue |
| building the image manually when needed with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">build</span></code>, you can edit the |
| docker-compose.yaml and replace the “apache/airflow:<version>” image with the |
| image you’ve just built <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">my-image:0.0.1</span></code> - it will be used from your local Docker |
| Engine cache. You can also simply set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AIRFLOW_IMAGE_NAME</span></code> variable to |
| point to your image and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-compose</span></code> will use it automatically without having |
| to modify the file.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Also for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-compose</span></code> deployment, you can delegate image building to the docker-compose. |
| To do that - open your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-compose.yaml</span></code> file and search for the phrase “In order to add custom dependencies”. |
| Follow these instructions of commenting the “image” line and uncommenting the “build” line. |
| This is a standard docker-compose feature and you can read about it in |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/build/">Docker Compose build reference</a>. |
| Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-compose</span> <span class="pre">build</span></code> to build the images. Similarly as in the previous case, the |
| image is stored in Docker engine cache and Docker Compose will use it from there. |
| The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-compose</span> <span class="pre">build</span></code> command uses the same <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">build</span></code> command that |
| you can run manually under-the-hood.</p></li> |
| <li><p>For some - development targeted - Kubernetes deployments you can load the images directly to |
| Kubernetes clusters. Clusters such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">kind</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">minikube</span></code> have dedicated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load</span></code> method to load the |
| images to the cluster.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Last but not least - you can push your image to a remote registry which is the most common way |
| of storing and exposing the images, and it is most portable way of publishing the image. Both |
| Docker-Compose and Kubernetes can make use of images exposed via registries.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="extending-the-image"> |
| <h2>Extending the image<a class="headerlink" href="#extending-the-image" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Extending the image is easiest if you just need to add some dependencies that do not require |
| compiling. The compilation framework of Linux (so called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build-essential</span></code>) is pretty big, and |
| for the production images, size is really important factor to optimize for, so our Production Image |
| does not contain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build-essential</span></code>. If you need a compiler like gcc or g++ or make/cmake etc. - those |
| are not found in the image and it is recommended that you follow the “customize” route instead.</p> |
| <p>How to extend the image - it is something you are most likely familiar with - simply |
| build a new image using Dockerfile’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FROM</span></code> directive and add whatever you need. Then you can add your |
| Debian dependencies with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> or PyPI dependencies with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code> or any other stuff you need.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="base-images"> |
| <h3>Base images<a class="headerlink" href="#base-images" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>There are two types of images you can extend your image from:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Regular Airflow image that contains the most common extras and providers, and all supported backend |
| database clients for AMD64 platform and Postgres for ARM64 platform.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Slim Airflow image, which is a minimal image, contains all supported backends database clients installed |
| for AMD64 platform and Postgres for ARM64 platform, but contains no extras or providers, except |
| the 4 default providers.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>Differences of slim image vs. regular image.</p> |
| <p>The slim image is small comparing to regular image (~500 MB vs ~1.1GB) and you might need to add a |
| lot more packages and providers in order to make it useful for your case (but if you use only a |
| small subset of providers, it might be a good starting point for you).</p> |
| <p>The slim images might have dependencies in different versions than those used when providers are |
| preinstalled, simply because core Airflow might have less limits on the versions on its own. |
| When you install some providers they might require downgrading some dependencies if the providers |
| require different limits for the same dependencies.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>Naming conventions for the images:</p> |
| <table class="docutils align-default"> |
| <colgroup> |
| <col style="width: 15%" /> |
| <col style="width: 17%" /> |
| <col style="width: 31%" /> |
| <col style="width: 36%" /> |
| </colgroup> |
| <thead> |
| <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Image</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Python</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Standard image</p></th> |
| <th class="head"><p>Slim image</p></th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr class="row-even"><td><p>Latest default |
| Default |
| Latest |
| Specific</p></td> |
| <td><p>3.7 |
| 3.7 |
| 3.7,3.8,3.9,3.10 |
| 3.7,3.8,3.9,3.10</p></td> |
| <td><p>apache/airflow:latest |
| apache/airflow:X.Y.Z |
| apache/airflow:latest-pythonN.M |
| apache/airflow:X.Y.Z-pythonN.M</p></td> |
| <td><p>apache/airflow:slim-latest |
| apache/airflow:slim-X.Y.Z |
| apache/airflow:slim-latest-pythonN.M |
| apache/airflow:slim-X.Y.Z-pythonN.M</p></td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>The “latest” image is always the latest released stable version available.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="important-notes-for-the-base-images"> |
| <h2>Important notes for the base images<a class="headerlink" href="#important-notes-for-the-base-images" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>You should be aware, about a few things:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>The production image of airflow uses “airflow” user, so if you want to add some of the tools |
| as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root</span></code> user, you need to switch to it with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USER</span></code> directive of the Dockerfile and switch back to |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span></code> user when you are done. Also you should remember about following the |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/dockerfile_best-practices/">best practices of Dockerfiles</a> |
| to make sure your image is lean and small.</p></li> |
| <li><p>The PyPI dependencies in Apache Airflow are installed in the user library, of the “airflow” user, so |
| PIP packages are installed to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.local</span></code> folder as if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--user</span></code> flag was specified when running PIP. |
| Note also that using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--no-cache-dir</span></code> is a good idea that can help to make your image smaller.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>Only as of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.0.1</span></code> image the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--user</span></code> flag is turned on by default by setting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIP_USER</span></code> environment |
| variable to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code>. This can be disabled by un-setting the variable or by setting it to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">false</span></code>. In the |
| 2.0.0 image you had to add the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--user</span></code> flag as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span> <span class="pre">install</span> <span class="pre">--user</span></code> command.</p> |
| </div> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>If your apt, or PyPI dependencies require some of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build-essential</span></code> or other packages that need |
| to compile your python dependencies, then your best choice is to follow the “Customize the image” route, |
| because you can build a highly-optimized (for size) image this way. However it requires you to use |
| the Dockerfile that is released as part of Apache Airflow sources (also available at |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/Dockerfile">Dockerfile</a>)</p></li> |
| <li><p>You can also embed your dags in the image by simply adding them with COPY directive of Airflow. |
| The DAGs in production image are in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/opt/airflow/dags</span></code> folder.</p></li> |
| <li><p>You can build your image without any need for Airflow sources. It is enough that you place the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> and any files that are referred to (such as Dag files) in a separate directory and run |
| a command <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">build</span> <span class="pre">.</span> <span class="pre">--pull</span> <span class="pre">--tag</span> <span class="pre">my-image:my-tag</span></code> (where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">my-image</span></code> is the name you want to name it |
| and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">my-tag</span></code> is the tag you want to tag the image with.</p></li> |
| <li><p>If your way of extending image requires to create writable directories, you MUST remember about adding |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">umask</span> <span class="pre">0002</span></code> step in your RUN command. This is necessary in order to accommodate our approach for |
| running the image with an arbitrary user. Such user will always run with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GID=0</span></code> - |
| the entrypoint will prevent non-root GIDs. You can read more about it in |
| <a class="reference internal" href="entrypoint.html#arbitrary-docker-user"><span class="std std-ref">arbitrary docker user</span></a> documentation for the entrypoint. The |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">umask</span> <span class="pre">0002</span></code> is set as default when you enter the image, so any directories you create by default |
| in runtime, will have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GID=0</span></code> and will be group-writable.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>When you build image for Airflow version < <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.1</span></code> (for example 2.0.2 or 1.10.15) the image is built with |
| PIP 20.2.4 because <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PIP21+</span></code> is only supported for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Airflow</span> <span class="pre">2.1+</span></code></p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>Only as of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.0.2</span></code> the default group of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span></code> user is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">root</span></code>. Previously it was <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span></code>, |
| so if you are building your images based on an earlier image, you need to manually change the default |
| group for airflow user:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="highlight-docker notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>usermod -g <span class="m">0</span> airflow |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="examples-of-image-extending"> |
| <h2>Examples of image extending<a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-image-extending" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="section" id="example-of-customizing-airflow-provider-packages"> |
| <h3>Example of customizing Airflow Provider packages<a class="headerlink" href="#example-of-customizing-airflow-provider-packages" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The <a class="reference external" href="/docs/apache-airflow-providers/index.html#providers-community-maintained-providers" title="(in apache-airflow-providers vdevel)"><span class="xref std std-ref">Airflow Providers</span></a> are released independently of core |
| Airflow and sometimes you might want to upgrade specific providers only to fix some problems or |
| use features available in that provider version. Here is an example of how you can do it</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/custom-providers/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>pip install --no-cache-dir apache-airflow-providers-docker<span class="o">==</span><span class="m">2</span>.5.1 |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="example-of-adding-airflow-provider-package-and-apt-package"> |
| <h3>Example of adding Airflow Provider package and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package<a class="headerlink" href="#example-of-adding-airflow-provider-package-and-apt-package" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apache-spark</span></code> airflow-providers which requires both <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">java</span></code> and |
| python package from PyPI.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/add-providers/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| <span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">root</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>apt-get update <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends <span class="se">\</span> |
| openjdk-11-jre-headless <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get autoremove -yqq --purge <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get clean <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* |
| <span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">airflow</span> |
| <span class="k">ENV</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">JAVA_HOME</span><span class="o">=</span>/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64 |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>pip install --no-cache-dir apache-airflow-providers-apache-spark<span class="o">==</span><span class="m">2</span>.1.3 |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="example-of-adding-apt-package"> |
| <h3>Example of adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package<a class="headerlink" href="#example-of-adding-apt-package" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vim</span></code> to the airflow image.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/add-apt-packages/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| <span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">root</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>apt-get update <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends <span class="se">\</span> |
| vim <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get autoremove -yqq --purge <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get clean <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* |
| <span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">airflow</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="example-of-adding-pypi-package"> |
| <h3>Example of adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPI</span></code> package<a class="headerlink" href="#example-of-adding-pypi-package" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxml</span></code> python package from PyPI to the image.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/add-pypi-packages/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>pip install --no-cache-dir lxml |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="example-when-writable-directory-is-needed"> |
| <h3>Example when writable directory is needed<a class="headerlink" href="#example-when-writable-directory-is-needed" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds a new directory that is supposed to be writable for any arbitrary user |
| running the container.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/writable-directory/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">umask</span> <span class="m">0002</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| mkdir -p ~/writeable-directory |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="example-when-you-add-packages-requiring-compilation"> |
| <h3>Example when you add packages requiring compilation<a class="headerlink" href="#example-when-you-add-packages-requiring-compilation" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mpi4py</span></code> package which requires both <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build-essential</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mpi</span> <span class="pre">compiler</span></code>.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/add-build-essential-extend/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| <span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">root</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>apt-get update <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends <span class="se">\</span> |
| build-essential libopenmpi-dev <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get autoremove -yqq --purge <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> apt-get clean <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="o">&&</span> rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* |
| <span class="k">USER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">airflow</span> |
| <span class="k">RUN</span><span class="w"> </span>pip install --no-cache-dir mpi4py |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The size of this image is ~ 1.1 GB when build. As you will see further, you can achieve 20% reduction in |
| size of the image in case you use “Customizing” rather than “Extending” the image.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="example-when-you-want-to-embed-dags"> |
| <h3>Example when you want to embed DAGs<a class="headerlink" href="#example-when-you-want-to-embed-dags" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_dag.py</span></code> to your image in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/opt/airflow/dags</span></code> folder.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/embedding-dags/Dockerfile</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Dockerfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">apache/airflow:2.3.3</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">COPY</span><span class="w"> </span>--chown<span class="o">=</span>airflow:root test_dag.py /opt/airflow/dags |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header example-header--with-button"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/embedding-dags/test_dag.py</span><a class="example-header-button viewcode-button reference internal" href="_modules/docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/extending/embedding-dags/test_dag.html"><span class="viewcode-link">[source]</span></a></p> |
| <div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="sd">"""This dag only runs some simple tasks to test Airflow's task execution."""</span> |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> |
| |
| <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">pendulum</span> |
| |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.models.dag</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">DAG</span> |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.operators.empty</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">EmptyOperator</span> |
| |
| <span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pendulum</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tz</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"UTC"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">now_to_the_hour</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">minute</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">second</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">microsecond</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">START_DATE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">now_to_the_hour</span> |
| <span class="n">DAG_NAME</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'test_dag_v1'</span> |
| |
| <span class="n">dag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAG</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">DAG_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">schedule_interval</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'*/10 * * * *'</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">default_args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'depends_on_past'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">},</span> |
| <span class="n">start_date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">pendulum</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2021</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tz</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"UTC"</span><span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="n">catchup</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="n">run_this_1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmptyOperator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'run_this_1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dag</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">run_this_2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmptyOperator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'run_this_2'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dag</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">run_this_2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_upstream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">run_this_1</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">run_this_3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">EmptyOperator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'run_this_3'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dag</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">run_this_3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_upstream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">run_this_2</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="customizing-the-image"> |
| <h2>Customizing the image<a class="headerlink" href="#customizing-the-image" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="admonition warning"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p> |
| <p>BREAKING CHANGE! As of Airflow 2.3.0 you need to use |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/build_enhancements/">Buildkit</a> to build customized |
| Airflow Docker image. We are using new features of Building (and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dockerfile:1.4</span></code> syntax) |
| to make our image faster to build and “standalone” - i.e. not needing any extra files from |
| Airflow in order to be build. As of Airflow 2.3.0, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> that is released with Airflow |
| does not need any extra folders or files and can be copied and used from any folder. |
| Previously you needed to copy Airflow sources together with the Dockerfile as some scripts were |
| needed to make it work. You also need to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOCKER_CONTEXT_FILES</span></code> build arg if you want to |
| use your own custom files during the build (see |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#using-docker-context-files"><span class="std std-ref">Using docker context files</span></a> for details).</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>You can usually use the latest <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> released by Airflow to build previous Airflow versions. |
| Note however, that there are slight changes in the Dockerfile and entrypoint scripts that can make it |
| behave slightly differently, depending which Dockerfile version you used. Details of what has changed |
| in each of the released versions of Docker image can be found in the <a class="reference internal" href="changelog.html"><span class="doc">Changelog</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>Prerequisites for building customized docker image:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>You need to enable <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/build_enhancements/">Buildkit</a> to |
| build the image. This can be done by setting <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1</span></code> as an environment variable |
| or by installing <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.docker.com/buildx/working-with-buildx/">the buildx plugin</a> |
| and running <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">buildx</span> <span class="pre">build</span></code> command.</p></li> |
| <li><p>You need to have a new Docker installed to handle <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1.4</span></code> syntax of the Dockerfile. |
| Docker version <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">20.10.7</span></code> and above is known to work.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Before attempting to customize the image, you need to download flexible and customizable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code>. |
| You can extract the officially released version of the Dockerfile from the |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/installation/installing-from-sources.html">released sources</a>. |
| You can also conveniently download the latest released version |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/|version|/Dockerfile">from GitHub</a>. You can save it |
| in any directory - there is no need for any other files to be present there. If you wish to use your own |
| files (for example custom configuration of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> or your own <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requirements</span></code> or custom dependencies, |
| you need to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOCKER_CONTEXT_FILES</span></code> build arg and place the files in the directory pointed at by |
| the arg (see <a class="reference internal" href="#using-docker-context-files"><span class="std std-ref">Using docker context files</span></a> for details).</p> |
| <p>Customizing the image is an optimized way of adding your own dependencies to the image - better |
| suited to prepare highly optimized (for size) production images, especially when you have dependencies |
| that require to be compiled before installing (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mpi4py</span></code>).</p> |
| <p>It also allows more sophisticated usages, needed by “Power-users” - for example using forked version |
| of Airflow, or building the images from security-vetted sources.</p> |
| <p>The big advantage of this method is that it produces optimized image even if you need some compile-time |
| dependencies that are not needed in the final image.</p> |
| <p>The disadvantage it that building the image takes longer and it requires you to use |
| the Dockerfile that is released as part of Apache Airflow sources.</p> |
| <p>The disadvantage is that the pattern of building Docker images with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--build-arg</span></code> is less familiar |
| to developers of such images. However it is quite well-known to “power-users”. That’s why the |
| customizing flow is better suited for those users who have more familiarity and have more custom |
| requirements.</p> |
| <p>The image also usually builds much longer than the equivalent “Extended” image because instead of |
| extending the layers that are already coming from the base image, it rebuilds the layers needed |
| to add extra dependencies needed at early stages of image building.</p> |
| <p>When customizing the image you can choose a number of options how you install Airflow:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>From the PyPI releases (default)</p></li> |
| <li><p>From the custom installation sources - using additional/replacing the original apt or PyPI repositories</p></li> |
| <li><p>From local sources. This is used mostly during development.</p></li> |
| <li><p>From tag or branch, or specific commit from a GitHub Airflow repository (or fork). This is particularly |
| useful when you build image for a custom version of Airflow that you keep in your fork and you do not |
| want to release the custom Airflow version to PyPI.</p></li> |
| <li><p>From locally stored binary packages for Airflow, Airflow Providers and other dependencies. This is |
| particularly useful if you want to build Airflow in a highly-secure environment where all such packages |
| must be vetted by your security team and stored in your private artifact registry. This also |
| allows to build airflow image in an air-gaped environment.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Side note. Building <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Airflow</span></code> in an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">air-gaped</span></code> environment sounds pretty funny, doesn’t it?</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>You can also add a range of customizations while building the image:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>base python image you use for Airflow</p></li> |
| <li><p>version of Airflow to install</p></li> |
| <li><p>extras to install for Airflow (or even removing some default extras)</p></li> |
| <li><p>additional apt/python dependencies to use while building Airflow (DEV dependencies)</p></li> |
| <li><p>add <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requirements.txt</span></code> file to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> directory to add extra requirements</p></li> |
| <li><p>additional apt/python dependencies to install for runtime version of Airflow (RUNTIME dependencies)</p></li> |
| <li><p>additional commands and variables to set if needed during building or preparing Airflow runtime</p></li> |
| <li><p>choosing constraint file to use when installing Airflow</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Additional explanation is needed for the last point. Airflow uses constraints to make sure |
| that it can be predictably installed, even if some new versions of Airflow dependencies are |
| released (or even dependencies of our dependencies!). The docker image and accompanying scripts |
| usually determine automatically the right versions of constraints to be used based on the Airflow |
| version installed and Python version. For example 2.0.2 version of Airflow installed from PyPI |
| uses constraints from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constraints-2.0.2</span></code> tag). However in some cases - when installing airflow from |
| GitHub for example - you have to manually specify the version of constraints used, otherwise |
| it will default to the latest version of the constraints which might not be compatible with the |
| version of Airflow you use.</p> |
| <p>You can also download any version of Airflow constraints and adapt it with your own set of |
| constraints and manually set your own versions of dependencies in your own constraints and use the version |
| of constraints that you manually prepared.</p> |
| <p>You can read more about constraints in <a class="reference external" href="/docs/apache-airflow/stable/installation/installing-from-pypi.html" title="(in apache-airflow v2.4.0.dev0)"><span>Installation from PyPI</span></a></p> |
| <p>Note that if you place <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requirements.txt</span></code> in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> folder, it will be |
| used to install all requirements declared there. It is recommended that the file |
| contains specified version of dependencies to add with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">==</span></code> version specifier, to achieve |
| stable set of requirements, independent if someone releases a newer version. However you have |
| to make sure to update those requirements and rebuild the images to account for latest security fixes.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="choosing-debian-version-when-customizing-the-image"> |
| <h2>Choosing Debian version when customizing the image<a class="headerlink" href="#choosing-debian-version-when-customizing-the-image" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The reference Airflow image currently uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bullseye</span></code> version of Debian (also known as Debian 10) as base |
| image, however when you want to build a custom image, you can also use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">buster</span></code> version of base images. |
| Airflow supports both versions of Debian. You choose which version of Debian to use by choosing the |
| right version of python base image:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--build-arg</span> <span class="pre">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE="python:3.7-slim-buster</span></code> uses buster version of Debian (Debian 10)</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--build-arg</span> <span class="pre">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE="python:3.7-slim-bullseye</span></code> uses bullseye version of Debian (Debian 11)</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="using-docker-context-files"> |
| <span id="id2"></span><h2>Using docker-context-files<a class="headerlink" href="#using-docker-context-files" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>When customizing the image, you can optionally make Airflow install custom binaries or provide custom |
| configuration for your pip in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code>. In order to enable it, you need to add |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--build-arg</span> <span class="pre">DOCKER_CONTEXT_FILES=docker-context-files</span></code> build arg when you build the image. |
| You can pass any subdirectory of your docker context, it will always be mapped to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/docker-context-files</span></code> |
| during the build.</p> |
| <p>You can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> for the following purposes:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>you can place <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requirements.txt</span></code> and add any <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> packages you want to install in the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-file</span></code> folder. Those requirements will be automatically installed during the build.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/own-requirements.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>mkdir -p docker-context-files |
| |
| cat <span class="s"><<EOF >./docker-context-files/requirements.txt</span> |
| <span class="s">beautifulsoup4==4.10.0</span> |
| <span class="s">EOF</span> |
| |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">DOCKER_CONTEXT_FILES</span><span class="o">=</span>./docker-context-files <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-beautifulsoup4-airflow:0.0.1"</span> |
| docker run -it my-beautifulsoup4-airflow:0.0.1 python -c <span class="s1">'import bs4; import sys; sys.exit(0)'</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"Success! Beautifulsoup4 installed"</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>you can place <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip.conf</span></code> (and legacy <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.piprc</span></code>) in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> folder and they |
| will be used for all <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> commands (for example you can configure your own sources |
| or authentication mechanisms)</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/custom-pip.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>mkdir -p docker-context-files |
| |
| cat <span class="s"><<EOF >./docker-context-files/pip.conf</span> |
| <span class="s">[global]</span> |
| <span class="s">verbose = 2</span> |
| <span class="s">EOF</span> |
| |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">DOCKER_CONTEXT_FILES</span><span class="o">=</span>./docker-context-files <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-custom-pip-verbose-airflow:0.0.1"</span> |
| docker run -it my-beautifulsoup4-airflow:0.0.1 python -c <span class="s1">'import bs4; import sys; sys.exit(0)'</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"Success! Beautifulsoup4 installed"</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="nb">echo</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>you can place <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.whl</span></code> packages that you downloaded and install them with |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INSTALL_PACKAGES_FROM_CONTEXT</span></code> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">true</span></code> . It’s useful if you build the image in |
| restricted security environments (see: <a class="reference internal" href="#image-build-secure-environments"><span class="std std-ref">Build images in security restricted environments</span></a> for details):</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/restricted/restricted_environments.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>mkdir -p docker-context-files |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"2.2.4"</span> |
| rm docker-context-files/*.whl docker-context-files/*.tar.gz docker-context-files/*.txt <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span> |
| |
| curl -Lo <span class="s2">"docker-context-files/constraints-3.7.txt"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="s2">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/constraints-3.7.txt"</span> |
| |
| <span class="nb">echo</span> |
| <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"Make sure you use the right python version here (should be same as in constraints)!"</span> |
| <span class="nb">echo</span> |
| python --version |
| |
| pip download --dest docker-context-files <span class="se">\</span> |
| --constraint docker-context-files/constraints-3.7.txt <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="s2">"apache-airflow[async,celery,elasticsearch,kubernetes,postgres,redis,ssh,statsd,virtualenv]==</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>You can also pass <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--build-arg</span> <span class="pre">DOCKER_CONTEXT_FILES=.</span></code> if you want to place your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requirements.txt</span></code> |
| in main directory without creating a dedicated folder, however this is a good practice to keep any files |
| that you copy to the image context in a sub-folder. This makes it easier to separate things that |
| are used on the host from those that are passed in Docker context. Of course, by default when you run |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">build</span> <span class="pre">.</span></code> the whole folder is available as “Docker build context” and sent to the docker |
| engine, but the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOCKER_CONTEXT_FILES</span></code> are always copied to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build</span></code> segment of the image so |
| copying all your local folder might unnecessarily increase time needed to build the image and your |
| cache will be invalidated every time any of the files in your local folder change.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition warning"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p> |
| <p>BREAKING CHANGE! As of Airflow 2.3.0 you need to specify additional flag: |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--build-arg</span> <span class="pre">DOCKER_CONTEXT_Files=docker-context-files</span></code> in order to use the files placed |
| in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code>. Previously that switch was not needed. Unfortunately this change is needed |
| in order to enable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> as standalone Dockerfile without any extra files. As of Airflow 2.3.0 |
| the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> that is released with Airflow does not need any extra folders or files and can |
| be copied and used from any folder. Previously you needed to copy Airflow sources together with the |
| Dockerfile as some scripts were needed to make it work. With Airflow 2.3.0, we are using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Buildkit</span></code> |
| features that enable us to make the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> a completely standalone file that can be used “as-is”.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="examples-of-image-customizing"> |
| <h2>Examples of image customizing<a class="headerlink" href="#examples-of-image-customizing" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="section" id="building-from-pypi-packages"> |
| <span id="image-build-pypi"></span><h3>Building from PyPI packages<a class="headerlink" href="#building-from-pypi-packages" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>This is the basic way of building the custom images from sources.</p> |
| <p>The following example builds the production image in version <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.7</span></code> with latest PyPI-released Airflow, |
| with default set of Airflow extras and dependencies. The latest PyPI-released Airflow constraints are used automatically.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/stable-airflow.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-stable-airflow:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The following example builds the production image in version <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.7</span></code> with default extras from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.3.0</span></code> Airflow |
| package. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.3.0</span></code> constraints are used automatically.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/pypi-selected-version.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>.3.3 |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.7-slim-bullseye"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-pypi-selected-version:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The following example builds the production image in version <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.8</span></code> with additional airflow extras |
| (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mssql,hdfs</span></code>) from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.3.0</span></code> PyPI package, and additional dependency (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">oauth2client</span></code>).</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/pypi-extras-and-deps.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>.3.3 |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bullseye"</span> |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --pull <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.8-slim-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_AIRFLOW_EXTRAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mssql,hdfs"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_PYTHON_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"oauth2client"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-pypi-extras-and-deps:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The following example adds <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mpi4py</span></code> package which requires both <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build-essential</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mpi</span> <span class="pre">compiler</span></code>.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/add-build-essential-custom.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>.2.4 |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bullseye"</span> |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --pull <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.7-slim-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_PYTHON_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mpi4py"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_DEV_APT_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"libopenmpi-dev"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_RUNTIME_APT_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"openmpi-common"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-build-essential-image:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The above image is equivalent of the “extended” image from previous chapter but its size is only |
| 874 MB. Comparing to 1.1 GB of the “extended image” this is about 230 MB less, so you can achieve ~20% |
| improvement in size of the image by using “customization” vs. extension. The saving can increase in case you |
| have more complex dependencies to build.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="building-optimized-images"> |
| <span id="image-build-optimized"></span><h3>Building optimized images<a class="headerlink" href="#building-optimized-images" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The following example the production image in version <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.7</span></code> with additional airflow extras from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.0.2</span></code> |
| PyPI package but it includes additional apt dev and runtime dependencies.</p> |
| <p>The dev dependencies are those that require <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build-essential</span></code> and usually need to involve recompiling |
| of some python dependencies so those packages might require some additional DEV dependencies to be |
| present during recompilation. Those packages are not needed at runtime, so we only install them for the |
| “build” time. They are not installed in the final image, thus producing much smaller images. |
| In this case pandas requires recompilation so it also needs gcc and g++ as dev APT dependencies. |
| The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">jre-headless</span></code> does not require recompiling so it can be installed as the runtime APT dependency.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/pypi-dev-runtime-deps.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>.2.4 |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bullseye"</span> |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --pull <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.7-slim-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_AIRFLOW_EXTRAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"jdbc"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_PYTHON_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"pandas"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_DEV_APT_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"gcc g++"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_RUNTIME_APT_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"default-jre-headless"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-pypi-dev-runtime:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="building-from-github"> |
| <span id="image-build-github"></span><h3>Building from GitHub<a class="headerlink" href="#building-from-github" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>This method is usually used for development purpose. But in case you have your own fork you can point |
| it to your forked version of source code without having to release it to PyPI. It is enough to have |
| a branch or tag in your repository and use the tag or branch in the URL that you point the installation to.</p> |
| <p>In case of GitHub builds you need to pass the constraints reference manually in case you want to use |
| specific constraints, otherwise the default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constraints-main</span></code> is used.</p> |
| <p>The following example builds the production image in version <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.7</span></code> with default extras from the latest main version and |
| constraints are taken from latest version of the constraints-main branch in GitHub.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/github-main.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bullseye"</span> |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --pull <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.7-slim-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_INSTALLATION_METHOD</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://github.com/apache/airflow/archive/main.tar.gz#egg=apache-airflow"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_CONSTRAINTS_REFERENCE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"constraints-main"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-github-main:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The following example builds the production image with default extras from the |
| latest <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">v2-*-test</span></code> version and constraints are taken from the latest version of |
| the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constraints-2-*</span></code> branch in GitHub (for example <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">v2-2-test</span></code> branch matches <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constraints-2-2</span></code>). |
| Note that this command might fail occasionally as only the “released version” constraints when building a |
| version and “main” constraints when building main are guaranteed to work.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/github-v2-2-test.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bullseye"</span> |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --pull <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.8-slim-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_INSTALLATION_METHOD</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://github.com/apache/airflow/archive/v2-2-test.tar.gz#egg=apache-airflow"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_CONSTRAINTS_REFERENCE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"constraints-2-2"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-github-v2-2:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>You can also specify another repository to build from. If you also want to use different constraints |
| repository source, you must specify it as additional <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONSTRAINTS_GITHUB_REPOSITORY</span></code> build arg.</p> |
| <p>The following example builds the production image using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">potiuk/airflow</span></code> fork of Airflow and constraints |
| are also downloaded from that repository.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/github-different-repository.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bullseye"</span> |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --pull <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.8-slim-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_INSTALLATION_METHOD</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"https://github.com/potiuk/airflow/archive/main.tar.gz#egg=apache-airflow"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_CONSTRAINTS_REFERENCE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"constraints-main"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">CONSTRAINTS_GITHUB_REPOSITORY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"potiuk/airflow"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"github-different-repository-image:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="using-custom-installation-sources"> |
| <span id="image-build-custom"></span><h3>Using custom installation sources<a class="headerlink" href="#using-custom-installation-sources" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>You can customize more aspects of the image - such as additional commands executed before apt dependencies |
| are installed, or adding extra sources to install your dependencies from. You can see all the arguments |
| described below but here is an example of rather complex command to customize the image |
| based on example in <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/apache/airflow/issues/8605#issuecomment-690065621">this comment</a>:</p> |
| <p>In case you need to use your custom PyPI package indexes, you can also customize PYPI sources used during |
| image build by adding a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files/pip.conf</span></code> file when building the image. |
| This <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip.conf</span></code> will not be committed to the repository (it is added to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.gitignore</span></code>) and it will not be |
| present in the final production image. It is added and used only in the build segment of the image. |
| Therefore this <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip.conf</span></code> file can safely contain list of package indexes you want to use, |
| usernames and passwords used for authentication. More details about <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip.conf</span></code> file can be found in the |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/topics/configuration/">pip configuration</a>.</p> |
| <p>If you used the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.piprc</span></code> before (some older versions of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> used it for customization), you can put it |
| in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files/.piprc</span></code> file and it will be automatically copied to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HOME</span></code> directory |
| of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span></code> user.</p> |
| <p>Note, that those customizations are only available in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build</span></code> segment of the Airflow image and they |
| are not present in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">final</span></code> image. If you wish to extend the final image and add custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.piprc</span></code> and |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip.conf</span></code>, you should add them in your own Dockerfile used to extend the Airflow image.</p> |
| <p>Such customizations are independent of the way how airflow is installed.</p> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>Similar results could be achieved by modifying the Dockerfile manually (see below) and injecting the |
| commands needed, but by specifying the customizations via build-args, you avoid the need of |
| synchronizing the changes from future Airflow Dockerfiles. Those customizations should work with the |
| future version of Airflow’s official <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> at most with minimal modifications od parameter |
| names (if any), so using the build command for your customizations makes your custom image more |
| future-proof.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>The following - rather complex - example shows capabilities of:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Adding airflow extras (slack, odbc)</p></li> |
| <li><p>Adding PyPI dependencies (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">azure-storage-blob,</span> <span class="pre">oauth2client,</span> <span class="pre">beautifulsoup4,</span> <span class="pre">dateparser,</span> <span class="pre">rocketchat_API,typeform</span></code>)</p></li> |
| <li><p>Adding custom environment variables while installing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> dependencies - both DEV and RUNTIME |
| (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ACCEPT_EULA=Y'</span></code>)</p></li> |
| <li><p>Adding custom curl command for adding keys and configuring additional apt sources needed to install |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> dependencies (both DEV and RUNTIME)</p></li> |
| <li><p>Adding custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> dependencies, both DEV (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">msodbcsql17</span> <span class="pre">unixodbc-dev</span> <span class="pre">g++)</span> <span class="pre">and</span> <span class="pre">runtime</span> <span class="pre">msodbcsql17</span> <span class="pre">unixodbc</span> <span class="pre">git</span> <span class="pre">procps</span> <span class="pre">vim</span></code>)</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/customizing/custom-sources.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>.2.4 |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"buster"</span> |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . -f Dockerfile <span class="se">\</span> |
| --pull <span class="se">\</span> |
| --platform <span class="s1">'linux/amd64'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.7-slim-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_AIRFLOW_EXTRAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"slack,odbc"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_PYTHON_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">" \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> azure-storage-blob<12.9.0 \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> oauth2client \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> beautifulsoup4 \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> dateparser \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> rocketchat_API \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> typeform"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_DEV_APT_COMMAND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> apt-key add --no-tty - && \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/10/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_DEV_APT_ENV</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"ACCEPT_EULA=Y"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_DEV_APT_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"msodbcsql17 unixodbc-dev g++"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_RUNTIME_APT_COMMAND</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> apt-key add --no-tty - && \</span> |
| <span class="s2"> curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/10/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_RUNTIME_APT_ENV</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"ACCEPT_EULA=Y"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">ADDITIONAL_RUNTIME_APT_DEPS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"msodbcsql17 unixodbc git procps vim"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag <span class="s2">"my-custom-sources-image:0.0.1"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="build-images-in-security-restricted-environments"> |
| <span id="image-build-secure-environments"></span><h3>Build images in security restricted environments<a class="headerlink" href="#build-images-in-security-restricted-environments" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>You can also make sure your image is only built using local constraint file and locally downloaded |
| wheel files. This is often useful in Enterprise environments where the binary files are verified and |
| vetted by the security teams. It is also the most complex way of building the image. You should be an |
| expert of building and using Dockerfiles in order to use it and have to have specific needs of security if |
| you want to follow that route.</p> |
| <p>This builds below builds the production image with packages and constraints used from the local |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> rather than installed from PyPI or GitHub. It also disables MySQL client |
| installation as it is using external installation method.</p> |
| <p>Note that as a prerequisite - you need to have downloaded wheel files. In the example below we |
| first download such constraint file locally and then use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span> <span class="pre">download</span></code> to get the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.whl</span></code> files needed |
| but in most likely scenario, those wheel files should be copied from an internal repository of such .whl |
| files. Note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AIRFLOW_VERSION_SPECIFICATION</span></code> is only there for reference, the apache airflow <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.whl</span></code> file |
| in the right version is part of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.whl</span></code> files downloaded.</p> |
| <p>Note that ‘pip download’ will only works on Linux host as some of the packages need to be compiled from |
| sources and you cannot install them providing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--platform</span></code> switch. They also need to be downloaded using |
| the same python version as the target image.</p> |
| <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span> <span class="pre">download</span></code> might happen in a separate environment. The files can be committed to a separate |
| binary repository and vetted/verified by the security team and used subsequently to build images |
| of Airflow when needed on an air-gaped system.</p> |
| <p>Example of preparing the constraint files and wheel files. Note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mysql</span></code> dependency is removed |
| as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mysqlclient</span></code> is installed from Oracle’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> repository and if you want to add it, you need |
| to provide this library from your repository if you want to build Airflow image in an “air-gaped” system.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/restricted/restricted_environments.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>mkdir -p docker-context-files |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"2.2.4"</span> |
| rm docker-context-files/*.whl docker-context-files/*.tar.gz docker-context-files/*.txt <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span> |
| |
| curl -Lo <span class="s2">"docker-context-files/constraints-3.7.txt"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="s2">"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/constraints-3.7.txt"</span> |
| |
| <span class="nb">echo</span> |
| <span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"Make sure you use the right python version here (should be same as in constraints)!"</span> |
| <span class="nb">echo</span> |
| python --version |
| |
| pip download --dest docker-context-files <span class="se">\</span> |
| --constraint docker-context-files/constraints-3.7.txt <span class="se">\</span> |
| <span class="s2">"apache-airflow[async,celery,elasticsearch,kubernetes,postgres,redis,ssh,statsd,virtualenv]==</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>After this step is finished, your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> folder will contain all the packages that |
| are needed to install Airflow from.</p> |
| <p>Those downloaded packages and constraint file can be pre-vetted by your security team before you attempt |
| to install the image. You can also store those downloaded binary packages in your private artifact registry |
| which allows for the flow where you will download the packages on one machine, submit only new packages for |
| security vetting and only use the new packages when they were vetted.</p> |
| <p>On a separate (air-gaped) system, all the PyPI packages can be copied to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> |
| where you can build the image using the packages downloaded by passing those build args:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INSTALL_PACKAGES_FROM_CONTEXT="true"</span></code> - to use packages present in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code></p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AIRFLOW_PRE_CACHED_PIP_PACKAGES="false"</span></code> - to not pre-cache packages from PyPI when building image</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AIRFLOW_CONSTRAINTS_LOCATION=/docker-context-files/YOUR_CONSTRAINT_FILE.txt</span></code> - to downloaded constraint files</p></li> |
| <li><p>(Optional) <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INSTALL_MYSQL_CLIENT="false"</span></code> if you do not want to install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MySQL</span></code> |
| client from the Oracle repositories.</p></li> |
| <li><p>(Optional) <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INSTALL_MSSQL_CLIENT="false"</span></code> if you do not want to install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MsSQL</span></code> |
| client from the Microsoft repositories.</p></li> |
| <li><p>(Optional) <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">INSTALL_POSTGRES_CLIENT="false"</span></code> if you do not want to install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Postgres</span></code> |
| client from the Postgres repositories.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Note, that the solution we have for installing python packages from local packages, only solves the problem |
| of “air-gaped” python installation. The Docker image also downloads <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> dependencies and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">node-modules</span></code>. |
| Those types of dependencies are however more likely to be available in your “air-gaped” system via transparent |
| proxies and it should automatically reach out to your private registries, however in the future the |
| solution might be applied to both of those installation steps.</p> |
| <p>You can also use techniques described in the previous chapter to make <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">build</span></code> use your private |
| apt sources or private PyPI repositories (via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.pypirc</span></code>) available which can be security-vetted.</p> |
| <p>If you fulfill all the criteria, you can build the image on an air-gaped system by running command similar |
| to the below:</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">docs/docker-stack/docker-examples/restricted/restricted_environments.sh</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"bullseye"</span> |
| <span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">DOCKER_BUILDKIT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span> |
| |
| docker build . <span class="se">\</span> |
| --pull <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">PYTHON_BASE_IMAGE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"python:3.7-slim-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">DEBIAN_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_INSTALLATION_METHOD</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"apache-airflow"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">INSTALL_MYSQL_CLIENT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"false"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">INSTALL_MSSQL_CLIENT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"false"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">INSTALL_POSTGRES_CLIENT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"true"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_PRE_CACHED_PIP_PACKAGES</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"false"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">DOCKER_CONTEXT_FILES</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"docker-context-files"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">INSTALL_PACKAGES_FROM_CONTEXT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"true"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --build-arg <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_CONSTRAINTS_LOCATION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/docker-context-files/constraints-3.7.txt"</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --tag airflow-my-restricted-environment:0.0.1 |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="modifying-the-dockerfile"> |
| <h3>Modifying the Dockerfile<a class="headerlink" href="#modifying-the-dockerfile" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The build arg approach is a convenience method if you do not want to manually modify the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code>. |
| Our approach is flexible enough, to be able to accommodate most requirements and |
| customizations out-of-the-box. When you use it, you do not need to worry about adapting the image every |
| time new version of Airflow is released. However sometimes it is not enough if you have very |
| specific needs and want to build a very custom image. In such case you can simply modify the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code> manually as you see fit and store it in your forked repository. However you will have to |
| make sure to rebase your changes whenever new version of Airflow is released, because we might modify |
| the approach of our Dockerfile builds in the future and you might need to resolve conflicts |
| and rebase your changes.</p> |
| <p>There are a few things to remember when you modify the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Dockerfile</span></code>:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>We are using the widely recommended pattern of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.dockerignore</span></code> where everything is ignored by default |
| and only the required folders are added through exclusion (!). This allows to keep docker context small |
| because there are many binary artifacts generated in the sources of Airflow and if they are added to |
| the context, the time of building the image would increase significantly. If you want to add any new |
| folders to be available in the image you must add them here with leading <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">!</span></code></p> |
| <div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Ignore everything |
| ** |
| |
| # Allow only these directories |
| !airflow |
| ... |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> folder is automatically added to the context of the image, so if you want |
| to add individual files, binaries, requirement files etc you can add them there. The |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">docker-context-files</span></code> is copied to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/docker-context-files</span></code> folder of the build segment of the |
| image, so it is not present in the final image - which makes the final image smaller in case you want |
| to use those files only in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">build</span></code> segment. You must copy any files from the directory manually, |
| using COPY command if you want to get the files in your final image (in the main image segment).</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="more-details"> |
| <h2>More details<a class="headerlink" href="#more-details" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="section" id="build-args-reference"> |
| <h3>Build Args reference<a class="headerlink" href="#build-args-reference" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>The detailed <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--build-arg</span></code> reference can be found in <a class="reference internal" href="build-arg-ref.html"><span class="doc">Image build arguments reference</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="the-architecture-of-the-images"> |
| <h3>The architecture of the images<a class="headerlink" href="#the-architecture-of-the-images" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>You can read more details about the images - the context, their parameters and internal structure in the |
| <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/IMAGES.rst">IMAGES.rst</a> document.</p> |
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| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Building the image</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#quick-start-scenarios-of-image-extending">Quick start scenarios of image extending</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-new-apt-package">Adding new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-a-new-pypi-package">Adding a new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPI</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#embedding-dags">Embedding DAGs</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#extending-vs-customizing-the-image">Extending vs. customizing the image</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#why-customizing-the-image">Why customizing the image ?</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#building-images-primer">Building images primer</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#extending-the-image">Extending the image</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#base-images">Base images</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#important-notes-for-the-base-images">Important notes for the base images</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-image-extending">Examples of image extending</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-customizing-airflow-provider-packages">Example of customizing Airflow Provider packages</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-adding-airflow-provider-package-and-apt-package">Example of adding Airflow Provider package and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-adding-apt-package">Example of adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apt</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-of-adding-pypi-package">Example of adding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PyPI</span></code> package</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-when-writable-directory-is-needed">Example when writable directory is needed</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-when-you-add-packages-requiring-compilation">Example when you add packages requiring compilation</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#example-when-you-want-to-embed-dags">Example when you want to embed DAGs</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#customizing-the-image">Customizing the image</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#choosing-debian-version-when-customizing-the-image">Choosing Debian version when customizing the image</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-docker-context-files">Using docker-context-files</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#examples-of-image-customizing">Examples of image customizing</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#building-from-pypi-packages">Building from PyPI packages</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#building-optimized-images">Building optimized images</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#building-from-github">Building from GitHub</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-custom-installation-sources">Using custom installation sources</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#build-images-in-security-restricted-environments">Build images in security restricted environments</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#modifying-the-dockerfile">Modifying the Dockerfile</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#more-details">More details</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#build-args-reference">Build Args reference</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-architecture-of-the-images">The architecture of the images</a></li> |
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